ABSTRACT
Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a chronic， recurrent， inflammatory， and pruritus skin disease caused by multiple internal and external factors， ranking first in the global burden of skin diseases. Due to the adverse reactions and high costs of conventional treatments and biologics， the development of natural products has attracted much attention. The nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway is a key pathway for inhibiting inflammation and modulating immunity. This paper summarizes the pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of natural products such as flavonoids， alkaloids， phenols， terpenoids， coumarins， glycosides， and anthraquinones via NF-κB signaling pathway， aiming to provide guidance for the development of natural products. Basic studies have shown that natural products have high safety and efficacy. Oral or topical administration of natural products can regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， high mobility group box 1 protein （HMGB1）/receptor for advanced glycation endproducts （RAGE）， and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3） signaling pathways to exert anti-inflammatory， anti-allergy， antioxidant activities， thus reversing the pathological changes of AD. However， it is worth noting that the clinical application of natural products is still insufficient， and more rigorous clinical trials are still needed to verify their effects. The basic experiments and clinical evidence prove that natural products may play a role in alleviating AD， which provide a basis for evaluating the functioning mechanism of natural active substances and enrich the candidates for the development of potential drugs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the use of antibiotics in perioperative period of type 1 incision in our hospital from 2014 to 2016.Methods The type Ⅰ incision of clean operation cases in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2016 were selected as the research subjects.Among them,201 cases were assigned as the control group from January 2014 to July 2015,while 202 cases were set as observation group from August 2015 to December 2016.General intervention in the using status of antibiotics was adopted for the controls,meanwhile,intensive intervention was given to observation groups.At the same time,the types of antibiotics,the beginning time and duration of antibiotics use were compared between the two groups.Results Before operation,the antibiotics use proportion of 0.5-1 h in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (89.11％ vs.54.73％).The antibiotics use proportion of preoperative 1-24h (1.9％ vs.24.4％) and postoperative drug use ratio (8.91％ vs.20.9％)were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =59.027,44.251,11.420,all P ＜ 0.05).The ratio of treatment duration ≤ 1 d in the observation group (89.6％ vs.62.7％)was significantly higher than the control group,the proportions of 1 ＜ T ≤ 2d (9.9％ vs.22.4％) and ＞ 2d (0.5 ％ vs.14.9％) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =40.226,11.613,29.546,all P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the ratios of the first generation cephalosporin (79.7％ vs.48.2％) and the second generation cephalosporin (12.8％ vs.5.4％) were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The proportions of the third generation cephalosporin and fluoroquinolones were significantly lower than those of the control group,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =43.246,6.614,47.960,8.203,all P＜0.05).Conclusion After the intensive intervention,the duration of prophylaxis and drug selection in the perioperative period of type 1 incision is more reasonable.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the population-genetics characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) prevailing at the Sichuan basin of China.Methods A total of 413 MTB strains collected from Sichuan basin were genotyped by large sequence polymorphism (LSP) and 15 loci variable number tandem repeat (VNTR).Difference between the distribution of lineage population was analyzed by x 2-test and the discriminatory ability of each VNTR locus was evaluated under the Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index (HGI).Both phylogeny on population level and genetic structure were demonstrated through N-J tree and the Minimal Spanning Tree (MST).Genetic differentiation of different lineage strains was analyzed by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA).Time of the Most Recent Common Ancestor (TMRCA) was calculated based on the Bayesian model.Results Four hundred and thirteen MTBs were divided into two major lineages,in which the Beijing lineage accounted for 56.2％ (232/413) and the Euro-American lineage for 43.8％ (181/413).There was no significant difference of population distribution between the two lineages (P＞0.05).The N-J tree of Beijing lineage MTB presented distinctly "star-like" and 72.4％ strains were grouped to one clonal complex in MST.The Euro-American lineages MTB presented "branch-like" in N-J tree and were grouped into multiple clonal complexes in MST.There was significant genetic differentiation in Beijing lineage MTBs between Chongqing and Sichuan (FST=0.018 91,P＜0.05),but not in the Euro-American lineage MTB (FST=0.005 19,P＞0.05).TMRCA of the largest clonal complex in Euro-American lineage MTB appeared to be 723 (95％ CI:517-946) years.Conclusion Both Beijing lineage and Euro-American lineage MTBs were competitively prevalent in the Sichuan basin.There was some difference noticed between the two lineages referring to genetic differentiation.The invasion of Euro-American lineages MTB to the basin area might be associated with a war occurred in this area about 720 years ago.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors of worsening renal function (WRF) in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF) and WRF influence on prognosis. Methods A case-control study were undertaken to analyze independent risk factor statistically related to incidence of WRF, and to assess the influence of WRF on prognosis. Results The independent predictors of WRF were creatinine level at admission (OR 2.248,95% CI 1.088-4.647, P = 0.029) and NYHA class on admission ( OR 2.485, 95% CI 1.3854. 459, P = 0.002). The mortality of patient with WRF was obviously higher than that of control group during hospitalization( OR 3. 824,95% CI 2. 452-5. 637 ,P ＜0.015). Conclusions WRF is a common complication among patients hospitalized for CHF, and is obviously associated with mortality during hospitalization. Higher creatinine level and weak heart function are independent risk factors for incidence of WRF of patients with CHF.