A contrast analysis of iodine nutrition levels of pregnant women before and after implementing the new standard of iodized salt in Shanxi Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the nutritional status of pregnant women in Shanxi Province before and after the implementation of the new standards of iodized salt content,provide the basis for scientific supplementation of iodine for pregnant women.Methods According to the method of population proportion sampling,30 county-level monitoring sites were selected,a primary school was selected from each county (city,district) by the method of simple random sampling and 40 students in 2011 or 50 students in 2014 aged 8-10 years were selected in each school,direct titration was used to detect salt iodine;at the same time,20 pregnant women were selected from each town where the primary school was located and urinary iodine was determined using arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006).Results A total of 1 182 and 1 437 salt samples was detected in Shanxi Province in 2011 and 2014,the median of salt iodine was 30.5 and 24.1 mg/kg,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (H =567.45,P ＜ 0.01);it was 95.41％,80.31％,76.62％ of the coverage rate of iodized salt,qualified rate of iodized salt,qualified iodized salt consumption rate in 2014,respectively;which were compared with those in 2011 (97.63％,97.49％,95.18％),the differences were statistically significant (x2 =9.27,232.40,166.25,P ＜ 0.01).A total of 440 and 630 urinary samples of pregnant women were tested in 2011 and 2014,the median of urinary iodine was 279.6 and 177.1 μg/L,respectively,iodine nutrition of pregnant women was more than adequate in 2011,and iodine nutrition was suitable in 2014.The difference was statistically significant (H =153.89,P ＜ 0.01).The proportion of pregnant women's median of urinary iodine less than 150 μg/L in 2014 [41.11％ (259/ 630)] was significantly higher than that in 2011 [8.18％ (36/440),x2 =140.68,P ＜ 0.01].The constituent ratio of 250 to 500 μg/L was significantly decreased [23.65％ (149/630) vs 54.77％ (241/440),x2 =108.33,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion It is at a reasonable level of iodine nutrition level of pregnant women in Shanxi after the adjustment of iodized salt content,but the ratio of ＜ 150 μg/L is increasing,which needs to be paid attention to.

Influence of adjustment of universal salt iodization strategy on iodine deficiency disorders epidemic trend in Shanxi Province / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of adjustments of control strategy on epidemic trend of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Shanxi Province after universal salt iodization (USI),and to provide basis for timely adopting targeted control countermeasure and scientifically adjusting intervention strategy.Methods A method of retrospective analysis was performed to collect data from IDD surveillance at national or province levels after 1995,and from iodized salt surveillance of the province after 2004.According to the statistics and analysis of children's goiter rate,median urinary,median and mean of salt iodine,coverage rate of iodized salt,qualified rate of iodized salt,consumption rate of qualified iodized salt and their relationship.Results Since 1995,the children's goiter rate by palpation and B-ultrasound showed a steady descending trend.The median salt iodine,mean salt iodine and children's median urinary iodine showed a trend of rise→decline→stable→decline.Namely:The three indicators began to rise year by year from 1995 (29.1 mg/kg,31.7 ± 15.0 mg/kg,199.3 μg/L),in 1999 (48.7 mg/kg,53.4 ± 29.4 mg/kg,407.5 μg/L) reached its climax; and then decreased,in 2001 (34.7 mg/kg,36.2 ± 11.9 mg/kg,282.1 μg/L)stoped; which were basically stable from 2001 to 2011; since 2013 (26.0 mg/kg,26.5 ± 6.3 mg/kg,192.0 μg/L),a significant decline began.The rate and edible rate of qualified iodized salt showed a trend of decline→rise→stable.Two indexes began to decline circuitously from 1995 (72.61％,68.25％),and dipped to a low point in 1999 (44.80％,43.67％); then began to rise,until 2002 (94.73％,91.80％) reached basic stability; and remained steady from 2002 to 2013.Conclusions Following the process of prevention and treatment of IDD for more than 30 years in Shanxi Province,with the depth understanding of the range of adequate iodine nutrition,according to the monitoringfeedback mechanism,the strategy of salt iodization has been adjusted several times,the target of continuous elimination of IDD has achieved since 2000 and the levels of iodine nutrition in population are more reasonable.Salt iodization strategy should continue to adhere to.

The effect of Ghrelin on activation of UCP3 and phosphorylation of ACC under the high fat environment in rat myoblast / 中国医师杂志

ObjectiveTo study the effect of Ghrelin on activation of UCP3 and phosphorylation of ACC under the high fat environment in rat myoblast,and to support the study on prevention of type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe rat myoblast were exposed to 0.3 mmol/L palmitic acid for 12 h,at the same time,10-11 mol/L,10-9 mol/L,10-7 mol/L Ghrelin were added.The expression of UCP3 mRNA was determined by RT-PCR.The protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were measured by western blotting.ResultsCompared with the control group,UCP3 mRNA and the protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were obviously decreased in 0.3 mmol/L PA group(UCP3 mRNA:P =0.000,UCP3 protein levels:P =0.000,p-ACC protein levels:P =0.003).Compared with the 0.3 mmol/L PA group,with the increasing concentration of Ghrelin,UCP3 mRNA and the protein levels of UCP3 and p-ACC were elevated.The effects of 10-7 mol/L Ghrelin were significant(UCP3 mRNA:P =0.017,UCP3 protein levels:P =0.000,p-ACC protein levels:P =0.007).ConclusionsGhrelin could enhance activation of UCP3 and phosphorylation of ACC under high fat environment in rat myoblast.

The effect of metformin on glucose metabolism of rat myoblast with high fat environment / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the effect of mefformin on glucose metabolism of rat myoblast with high fat environment.Methods The skeletal muscles of suckling Wister rats were subjected to primary culture.The myoblasts of passage 5 were divided into 5 groups:The control group was cultured in DMEM with 0.5％ BSA for 12 h.The high-fat group was exposed to 0.3 mmol/L palmitic acid for 12 h.On the basis of high-fat treatment,three intervention groups were added with 2.5,5.0 and 7.5 μg/ml metformin,respectively,for additional 24 h.Isotope tracer method was conducted to show the influence on 2-dexoy-D-[3H]glucose uptake of rat myoblast.Results With the increasing concentration of mefformin,[3H]-G uptake elevated [ ( 1.83 ± 0.34) 10-2pmd/( min · g) vs (2.33 ± 0.47 ) 10-2 pmd/( min · g),P ＜ 0.05 ],and the group of 7.5 μg/ml metformin uptakes the most.Conclusions Metformin can upregulate the glucose-uptake in rat myoblasts under the environment of high fat,and it shows a dose-dependent relationship.

Mechanism of lipotoxicity-associated apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the mechanism of lipotoxicity-associated apoptosis mediated by mitochondrial pathway in pancreatic β-cells. METHODS:The pancreatic β-cell line MIN6 cells were incubated respectively in serum-free DMEM medium with or without palmitate (0.1-0.5 mmol/L) for 24 h,followed by Hoechst 33258 staining. The activity of caspase 3 was assayed for determining apoptosis,transmission electron microscope was used for observing mitochondrial structure,and RT-PCR analysis was applied for detection of mRNA expression of bcl-2-associated X protein (bax),B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2),sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) and DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 (chop-10). RESULTS:Palmitate induced apoptosis of MIN6 cells and swelling of mitochondria. Palmitate also inhibited mRNA expression of bcl-2,whereas enhanced mRNA expression of bax,SREBP1c and chop-10. CONCLUSION:Palmitate induces apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction,which is associated with abnormal expressions of bax,bcl-2,SREBP1c and chop-10.

Palmitate induces cell apoptosis in insulinoma MIN6 cell / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of protein kinase B and its phosphorylation on the apoptosis of MIN6 induced by palmitate.Methods Incubated with different level of palmitate concentration (0 ～ 0.5 mmol/L),MIN6 cells were cultured in high glucose DMEM with or without LY294002 ; the apoptosis of MIN6 cells was detec-ted and quantified with TUNEL technology.Then we inspected the cell ultrastructure through electron microscopy and determined the expression of protein kinase B and its phosphorylation p-PKB (Ser473) by Western blot,fol-lowed by an RT-PCR detection of BAX and BCL-2 expression.Results Apoptosis of MIN6 cells was induced by palmitate in a concentration-dependent correlation and enhanced by LY294002.Palmitate also inhibited phospho-rylation of protein kinase B on Ser473.Finally,we detected a downregulation of BCL-2 mRNA expression and up-regulation of BAX mRNA expression under palmitate-incubated state.Conclusion Palmitate may induce apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells through inhibiting activation of PKB phosphorylation in diabetes.