ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the demands of elderlies in a community in Hangzhou for the elder care with medical support and the current supply, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 416 elderlies at 12 communities of 3 neighborhoods in Jianggan district of Hangzhou city, using stratification sampling. Results For the elderlies with demands for medical care, such services as medical advice in community, pharmacy in community and annual physical examination were made available and the highest satisfactions, being 70. 4%, 67. 1% and 64. 0% respectively. In contrary, less than 30% of the rest eight medical care demands were met. For the elderlies with demands for nursing care in community, supply of nine elderly care services fell below 30%. For the elderlies with demands for rehabilitation services, supply of six community rehabilitation services fell below 15%. Age, self-care ability and the number of chronic diseases were the main factors affecting old people′s demand for medical-nursing combined care(P ＜0. 05). Conclusions A gap is found between elderlies′demands for elderly care with medical support and the services available. Medical care, nursing care and rehabilitation service deserve further development efforts. Those of advanced age, with declining self-care ability, and those afflicted with many diseases should attract major attention.
ABSTRACT
Objective Based on the Chinese full version of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis Pisa Paris and San Diego-Auto questionnaire ( TEMPS-A) , we aimed to validated a short version of TEMPS-A for Chinese adoles-cents.Methods Taking into account the item factor loading from our previously validated full version TEMPS-A, cultur-ally-determined items, and sexual activity related items, we derived a 60-item Chinese TEMPS-A for adolescents.The internal consistency and structural validity of the Chinese TEMPS-A for adolescents was evaluated in 822 participants aged 11~17 years old.Results The Cronbach’ s alphas coefficients for depressive, cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and anxious subscales were 0.67, 0.78, 0.76, 0.77 and 0.83, respectively.The anxious, irritable, hyperthymic factors were effectively distinguished by exploratory factor analysis, while the depressive and cyclothymic factors tended to correlate.The males scored significantly higher on the hyperthymic subscale than the females [(5.407 ±2.842) vs.(4.852 ±2.963), P<0.01].The females scored significantly higher on the depressive [(3.521 ±2.221) vs.(3.144 ±2.295)], cyclothy-mic [(4.484 ±2.922) vs.(3.917 ±2.823)] and anxious [(5.236 ±3.719) vs.(4.366 ±3.658)] temperaments than the males ( P<0.05) .The scores of depressive subscale and cyclothymic temperaments subscale were significantly correla-ted (r=0.625, P<0.001), so did the scores of anxious subscale and irritable temperament subscale (r=0.628, P<0.001).Conclusions The Chinese Adolescent version of TEMPS-A is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating af-fective temperaments for adolescents.