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Objective:To explore the medication regularity and prescription rule of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of cardiac failure.Methods:The China Patent Publication Notice of the State Intellectual Property Office (http://epub.sipo.gov.cn/) was rearched and retrievedfor Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of heart failure. The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inheritance support system (V 2.5) was used to input the prescription information and establish the database. The association rules, mutual information method, entropy clustering of complex systems and other data mining methods were used for commonly used drugs, combination rule and new prescription of core group.Results:A total of 101 prescriptions were included, involving 316 drugs. The frequency of commonly used drugs were Astragali Radix (59.41%), Poria (41.58%), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (40.59%), Descurainiae Semen Lepidii Semen (34.65%), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (33.66%), and the medicinal properties were mainly warm, and the sweet taste. The main flavors weresweet, bitterness, and pungency, and the main sources of meridians belonged to liver, spleen, heart, lungs and kidneys. The most commonly used drug combinations contribute to supplement Qi, invigorate blood circulation and stasis, warm Yang, remove moisture. There were 12 core drug groups and 6 new prescriptions for heart failure. Conclusions:Analysis on formulas for heart failure shows that the prescriptions focus on supplementing qi and activating blood circulation, warming Yang reducing dampness, invigorating spleen, and nourishing Yin, dispel turbid, solid Yang. It can provide reference for clinical treatment to improve curative effect and standardize prescription medication.
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Objective To explore the effect of R-(-)-α-methylhistamine (RAMH) on the isoflurane exposure induced neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment in the developing rats.Methods Twenty-eight 6-7 days SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control (CON) group (intraperitoneal injection of 5％ glucose [0.1 mL/10 g],isoflurane (ISO) group (intraperitoneal injection of 5％ glucose [0.1 mL/10 g] and then exposure to 1.6％ ISO for 6 hours),RAMH group (intraperitoneal injection of RAMH [10 mg/kg],and RAMH+ISO group (after intraperitoneal injection of RAMH [10 mg/kg] for 30 min,then exposure to 1.6％ ISO for 6 hours).Morris water maze test was employed to investigate the learning and memory ability.Immunofluorescence and Western blotting were employed to determine the neuronal apoptosis and p53 expression in the hippocampus of rats,respectively.Results Morris water maze test showed that the time in the target quadrant of ISO group was significantly shorter than that of CON group (n =7,P＜0.01),while the time of RAMH+ISO group was significantly longer than the ISO group (n =7,P＜0.05).The number of apoptotic neurons in hippocampus in the ISO group was significantly increased compared with either the CON group or the RAMH+ISO group (n=5,both P＜0.01).Compared with the CON group,the expression of p53 protein in hippocampus was significantly increased in the ISO group (n =6,P＜0.01),while p53 expression in the RAMH+ISO group was significantly lower than that in the ISO group (n =6,P＜0.01).Conclusion RAMH can ameliorate ISO exposure induced neuronal apoptosis and memory impairment in the developing rat.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Huannao Yicong formula (HNYCF) extract on behavior and ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 area of APP transgenic mice of different months, and explore its partial mechanism in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD) through the perspective of energy metabolism.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>One hundred and twenty APP695V717I transgenic mice of 3-month old were divided randomly into model group, Donepezil group (0.65 x 10(-3) g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), HNYCF extract large dose group (2.8 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and HNYCF extract small dose group (1.4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)), and 30 mice in each group. Another 30 C57BL/6J mice with the same age and background were used as normal control group. All animals were administered once daily by gavage with the corresponding drug or distilled water. The course of intervention was 4 and 6 months. Behavioral changes were observed by Morris water maze test and step down test. Ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 area was observed by transmission electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>At the age of 7 and 9 month, the number of times of passing through platform, swimming time and path length of model group increased significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in Morris water maze test, and the latent period decreased (P < 0.01) in step down test compared with normal group, and it would get worse with the development of disease course. HNYCF extract could increase the number of times of passing through platform, swimming time and path length (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in Morris water maze test, prolong latent period in step down test of different age. At the age of 7 and 9 month, mitochondrial of hippocampus CA1 area was disrupted and dissolved. Most ridge structure arranged in a mess, and some ridge showed expanding, matrix loosing and swollen appearance, and it would get worse with the development of disease course. HNYCF extract could improve ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 area, and increase its quality.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Learning and memory ability decreased in APP transgenic mice model, and the quantity of neural mitochondria in hippocampus CA1 area with structure disrupting, and it would get worse with the development of disease course. HNYCF extract could improve the learning and memory ability of APP transgenic mice model, its mechanism might relate with improving ultrastructure of mitochondria in hippocampus, and increasing its quantity.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Age Factors , Alzheimer Disease , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Behavior, Animal , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Hippocampus , Maze Learning , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Memory , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Mitochondria , Random Allocation , Specific Pathogen-Free OrganismsABSTRACT
To observe the effects of early intervention with effective components from a Chinese herbal formula (Huannao Yicong formula, HNYCF) on behavior and related indicators of cholinergic system in β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice.
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Background: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is a common disease in elderly people, threatening their health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatment or integrative treatment had advantages in improving quality of life and protecting target organs, but need to be proved by large evidence-based researches. Objective: To observe the effects of TCM treatment (Jiangya Capsule) or integrative treatment (combination of Jiangya Capsule and nimodipine) on blood pressure and vasoactive agents, and their safety in elderly ISH patients. Design, setting, participants and interventions: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled trial was adopted. A total of 270 elderly ISH patients recruited from Xiyuan Hospital, and TCM Hospital and Community Health Service Centers of Yanqing County of Beijing were randomly divided into 3 groups: TCM group (Jiangya Capsule plus nimodipine simulation, 90 cases), integrative group (Jiangya Capsule plus nimodipine, 90 cases) and Western medicine (WM) group (nimodipine plus Jiangya Capsule simulation, 90 cases). They were all treated for 4 weeks. Main outcome measures: Before and after 4-week treatment, office blood pressure, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure, serum nitric oxide (NO), and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin 1alpha (6-keto-PGF1alpha) were detected, and safety evaluation was conducted. Results: After 4-week treatment, 5 patients in TCM group were lost to follow-up and another 5 patients were excluded, and 80 patients finished the trial; 7 patients in integrative group were lost to follow-up and another 7 patients were excluded, and 76 patients finished the trial; 2 patients in WM group were lost to follow-up and another 3 patients were excluded, and 85 patients finished the trial. After treatment, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in each group (P<0.05), and integrative treatment was superior to TCM or WM treatment in decreasing SBP (P<0.05). Twenty-four hour average SBP and day average SBP decreased significantly in each group, and night average SBP decreased in integrative group, and integrative treatment was superior to TCM or WM treatment in decreasing day average SBP. Serum NO and plasma 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels were elevated and plasma ET-1 and TXB(2) levels were reduced after treatment, and integrative treatment was superior to TCM or WM treatment in reducing plasma TXB(2) level. Conclusion: TCM treatment or integrative treatment has affirmative effects and safety in treating elderly ISH patients, and integrative treatment has superiority in improving some indexes, and deserves further study.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and explore the mechanism of Huannao Yicong capsule in treating senile patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: The investigational drugs were packed by blind method. A randomized, double-blind and controlled trial was conducted on ninety senile patients with MCI. Other forty-five senile healthy persons were recruited to the healthy control group. The ninety senile patients were randomly divided into the Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group (45 patients administered with three Huannao Yicong capsules and two aniracetam capsule analogues) and aniracetam-treated group (45 patients treated with two aniracetam capsules and three Huannao Yicong capsule analogues). Patients in the two groups were treated three times daily for 16 weeks. Memory, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, cerebral blood flow, free radicals and inflammatory mediators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined before and after the treatment. Blood lipids, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), were detected before and after the treatment. The safety indexes, such as routine tests of blood and urine, hepatic and renal function tests and electrocardiogram (ECG) were taken before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Index score of clinical memory scale in senile healthy people was significantly higher than that in MCI patients before treatment (P<0.01), and the content of AchE, IL-1alpha and IL-6 was obviously lower (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD was higher (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in direction memory of clinical memory scale between the two treatment groups. Other index scores of clinical memory scale and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome in patients of Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group were significantly improved as compared with those of the aniracetam-treated group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The blood flow parameters of anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery and resistant index in patients of Huannao Yicong capsule-treated group were increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05). Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly increase the activity of serum SOD and decrease the content of AchE, IL-1alpha and IL-6 (P<0.01, P<0.05), better than aniracetam. Furthermore, Huannao Yicong capsule could significantly improve the blood lipid, such as the level of TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA-1 and ApoB-100 (P<0.01, P<0.05), and better than aniracetam (P<0.01, P<0.05). No significant changes were found after treatment in safety indexes, such as routine tests of blood and urine, hepatic and renal function tests and ECG. CONCLUSION: Huannao Yicong capsule has better therapeutic effect than aniracetam capsule in treating senile mild cognitive impairment.