ABSTRACT
Objective@#A more safe and efficient "classification" items validity management method is proposed through the comparative analysis of the merits and demerits of the common items validity management methods, combined with the exploration and practice of the gynaecological ward of a specialized hospital in Shanghai,@*Methods@#The "classification" item validity management method includes setting up a special task group and formulating a work flow. The critical point is to adopt different management methods according to the classification of items.@*Results@#According to the supplier of items, it is divided into Class I and Class II. Items of Class I adopt the management method of validity turnover rate and Class II items adopt the effective period safety area management method.@*Conclusion@#The validity management method of "classification" items ensures the quality of special task and improves the work efficiency.
ABSTRACT
Objective A more safe and efficient "classification" items validity management method is proposed through the comparative analysis of the merits and demerits of the common items validity management methods, combined with the exploration and practice of the gynaecological ward of a specialized hospital in Shanghai, Methods The "classification" item validity management method includes setting up a special task group and formulating a work flow. The critical point is to adopt different management methods according to the classification of items. Results According to the supplier of items, it is divided into Class I and Class II. Items of Class I adopt the management method of validity turnover rate and Class II items adopt the effective period safety area management method. Conclusion The validity management method of "classification" items ensures the quality of special task and improves the work efficiency.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression of neive growth factor (NGF) in the ectopic endometrium in adenomyosis patients,and explore the relationship between NGF expression and innervation or pain scales.Methods From Mar.2009 to Oct.2009,45 adenomyosis patients undergoing hysterectomy in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University were enrolled in this study,which were classified into 33 cases in pain group and 12 cases in non-pain group based on symptom.The degree of dysmenoreal,chronic pelvic pain and dyspareunia was evaluated by visual analogue scale,including no pain,mild to moderate pain and severe pain group.In the mean time,26 patients with leiomyoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Ⅲ (CIN Ⅲ)undergoing hysterectomy were defined as control group.Ectopic endometrium from experimental group and eutopic endometrium from control group were collected in the surgery.The expression of NGF was examined by immunohistochemistry.The density of protein gene product (PGP)9.5 positive nerve fibers was detected by immuno-fluorescence.Results The NGF level and the density of PGP 9.5 positive nerve fibers in adenomyosis pain group (0.25 ± 0.08,16 ± 8) were higher than adenomyosis painless (0.19 ± 0.05,P =0.007 ; 11 ± 5,P =0.018) and control group (0.18 ± 0.05,P =0.000;9 ± 4,P =0.000).The NGF level and the density of PGP9.5 positive nerve fibers in severe dysmenorrheal group(0.29 ± 0.07,19 ± 10) were higher than mild to moderate dysmenorrheal (0.22 ± 0.07,P =0.018 ; 13 ± 4,P =0.035) and painless group (0.18 ± 0.05,P =0.000 ; 11 ± 5,P =0.006) of adenomyosis patients.There was no difference of NGF level and the density of PGP 9.5 positive nerve fibers in chronic pelvic pain group and no chronic pelvic pain group of adenomyosis patients,so was dyspareunia group and no dyspareunia group.Conclusion The increased NGF level of adenomyosis nodules and improving innervation might be involved in the mechanism of adenomyosis related pain.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between insulin resistance and endogenous androgens at early and late phase of postmenopause.Methods A total of 105 women with early postmenopause (≤5 years since menopause) and 107 women with late postmenopause (≥ 10 years since menopause) were enrolled in this study.In the mean time,those women were classified into normal weight [body mass index (BMI),BMI ＜24 kg/m2] group and overweight (BMI≥24 kg/m2) group.Sex hormonebinding globulin (SHBG),testosterone (T),dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S),fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin (FINS)levels were measured and then calculated free androgen index(FAI) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).The relationship between sex hormones and insulin resistance was analyzed by partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses.Results Compared to early postmenopausal women,late postmenopausal women had higher FINS [(7.9 ± 6.6) mU/L versus (6.6 ±4.0) mU/L] and HOMA-IR(2.1 ± 1.9 versus 1.7 ± 1.1),but they had lower DHEA-S [(0.9 ± 0.5) mg/L versus (1.1 ± 0.5) mg/L,all P ＜ 0.05)].Both in early postmenopausal and late postmenopausal groups,overweight women had higher HOMA-IR (early group,2.2 ± 1.0 versus 1.2 ±0.9 ; late group,2.8 ± 2.6 versus 1.6±1.1)and FINS early group[(6.9±2.9) mU/L versus (4.6±2.0) mU/L] ;late group [(10.2 ± 9.3) mU/L versus (6.4 ± 3.6) mU/L] than those at women with normal weight group(all P ＜ 0.05).In early postmenopausal group,overweight women had lower SHBG [(52 ±37) nmol/L versus (71 ±37) nmol/L] and higher FAI(2.5 ±2.1) versus (1.3 ± 1.1) than those at normal weight women group(all P ＜ 0.05).In late postmenopausal group,overweight women had higher DHEA-S (1.0 ± 0.5) mg/L versus (0.8 ± 0.4) mg/L (P ＜ 0.05).The analyses suggested that in early postmenopausal group,SHBG was correlated negatively with FINS and HOMA-IR (β =-0.386,P ＜ 0.05 ;β =-0.553,P ＜0.05),DHEA-S was correlated positively with FBG (β =0.348,P ＜ 0.05) in early postmenopausal group.FAI was correlated positively with FBG in late postmenopausal group (β =0.505,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The increased androgenic activities are associated with insulin resistance after of menopause.These correlations are different at different stages of postmenopause,which SHBG levels correlate with high risk of insulin resistance and DHEA-S levels correlates with high blood glucose levels at early postmenopause and FAI correlates with high blood glucose levels at late postmenopause.