ABSTRACT
Artificial intelligence (AI), a branch of computer science, is an emerging science used to develop theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate human intelligence. The goal is to enable machines to solve some complex tasks that require human intelligence. With the era of big data coming, AI has been widely used in multitudinous professional fields, including machine vision, speech recognition, image understanding, genetic programming, intelligent factory and expert systems. As the most common three-dimensional deformity of the spine, scoliosis not only changes patients' appearance and body shape but also affects their mental health. Some challenges have to be solved in diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis, such as the complexity of the anatomical structure of the spine, the importance of maintaining the posture, and the long learning-curve of spine specialty. Additionally, some aspects, such as heavy workload, fatigue, high misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate, are prone to occur in large-scale scoliosis screening and diagnosis. Researchers have discovered that AI can learn inherent laws and representation of sample data in recent years. AI technology has been used in clinical practice, such as screening, diagnosis, surgical decision-making, intraoperative operation, prognosis prediction and conservative interventions. However, AI technology has serious limitations currently. There are many disadvantages in diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis, including irregular data collection, technical difficulty, inherent defects of AI, overdependency on AI, legal and ethics issues. Thus, summarizing the relevant trends and application of AI in the diagnosis and treatment of scoliosis is still required by using the literature database and data-sharing network. The aim of the present review is to provide a glimpse into the future applications of AI.
ABSTRACT
Scoliosis is characterized by one or several segments of the spine bending sideways, accompanied by vertebral rotation and sagittal imbalance with complex etiology. Scoliosis can be caused by congenital vertebral abnormalities, asymmetry of the paraspinal muscles due to neurological lesions, and malnutrition or metabolic disorders of bone tissue. Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that plays a key role in promoting human growth and development, especially in bone growth. When the secretion of growth hormone in children or adolescents in the rapid growth stage is insufficient, it may lead to the occurrence of idiopathic short stature (ISS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). In clinic, ISS and GHD are mainly treated by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). According to some early clinical reports, in the process of rhGH treatment, many patients occur scoliosis or the original scoliosis progression is aggravated. Therefore, many scholars conclude that rhGH treatment of ISS or GHD will lead to the occurrence or development of scoliosis. However, with the increase of clinical statistics and the further progress of research, many scholars found that rhGH treatment of ISS or GHD will only increase the Cobb angle of patients with scoliosis, but will not lead to the occurrence of scoliosis, that is, rhGH treatment of ISS or GHD will not increase the prevalence of scoliosis. At present, whether rhGH treatment of ISS and GHD can lead to scoliosis and aggravation of scoliosis remains controversial. Therefore, this paper summarizes and analyzes the correlation research on the risk of scoliosis complications in children treated with rhGH, and concludes that age, gender, body mass index, and growth potential are risk factors for the development or progression of scoliosis during treatment, and discusses the balance of advantages and disadvantages of using rhGH for ISS or GHD to provide a direction for future clinical guidance.
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Objective To observe the clinical effect of combined treatment of single tooth loss and implant denture.Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with single tooth loss were analyzed retrospectively.According to the different surgical methods,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with implant denture,the observation group was treated with orthodontic treat-ment.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 97.50%,which was significantly higher than 62.50% of the control group(χ2 =15.31,P <0.05).The satisfac-tion scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group,the differences were statistically signif-icant(t =12.21,17.78,15.98,11.85,9.35,all P <0.05).Conclusion The clinical effect of combined treatment of orthodontic and dental implants for patients with single tooth loss is remarkable,and can achieve good results,and improve the treatment satisfaction,it is worth promoting.
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Objective To analyze the clinical effect of membrane guided bone regeneration technique combined with 3 I implant system in anterior dental implant.Methods 50 patients with anterior teeth missing were selected as the experimental group,they received membrane guided bone regeneration technique combined with 3 I implant system of dental implant.50 cases alone with 3 I implant system of dental implant were selected as the control group.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The effects of the two groups were compared.Results Statistical results showed that the satisfaction of appearance and function had significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =6.73,P<0.05).The operation area of plaque index (PLI) (t=3.16,P<0.05),gingival sulcus bleeding index (MBI) (t=6.32,P<0.05),probing depth (PD) (t=2.63,P<0.05) had significant differences between the two groups.The thickness of the buccal tongue of the bone graft,and other indicators of the top of the implant to the top of the alveolar ridge showed significant differences between the two groups (t=17.65,P<0.05,t=8.48,P<0.05). Conclusion Using membrane guided bone regeneration technique and 3 I implant system combined application can improve dental implant in the anterior and the success rate of patients on the appearance and function of satisfaction after dental implant in the anterior,and to broaden the bone defect of anterior tooth planting the indication effect,it is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of small titanium plate rigid internal fixation and intermaxillary fixation in the treatment of simple mandibular fracture,and to explore the best treatment method for the reduction of fractures of the mandible.Methods 252 cases with simple fractures of the mandible were randomly divided into the two groups.126 cases of group A were treated by rigid internal fixation,126 cases of group B were treated by intermaxillary fixation.The patients were followed up for 6 months after operation.The complications,occlusion and mouth opening were compared between the two groups.And then,the data were analyzed.Results 120 cases of group A occlusal relation recovered to normal,the appearance and function were recovered well.The average mouth opening was 3.90cm.4 cases got postoperative infection,1 case titanium plate was broken.118 patients of B group occlusal relation recovered to normal,the appearance and function were restored,no case of infection and clamp plate broken.10 cases happened bad oral health condition,gingiva swell and teeth loosen.8 cases complicated with bad occlusion.There were no statistical differences between A and B group about occlusion and(x2=0.30,0.86,all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Two treatment methods are effective in the treatment of simple mandibular fracture,rigid skillfully master indication to get best efficacy.