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Objective:To modify Ganodermalucidum polysaccharides(GLP) with sulfate and observe the protective effect of Ganodermalucidum polysaccharide sulfate (GLPS) on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in the rats,and to investigate its mechanism.Methods:GLP was modified by sulfation to obtain GLPS.A total of 100 SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, GLP group (40 mg·kg-1·d-1), GLPS group (40 mg·kg-1·d-1) and nimodipine group (1 mg·kg-1·d-1).The cerebral ischemia reperfusion models were established by middle cerebral artery occlusion method in the rats.The neurologic deficit score and the content of water in brain tissue of the rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury were detected and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected.The levels of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brain tissue homogenate were detected by ELISA.Western blotting method was used to detect the protein expression levels of HSP70 and p-Akt in the brain tissue of the rats.Results:Compared with model group, the neurological function scores of the rats in GLP group and GLPS group were decreased(P<0.01),the water contents in brain tissue were decreased(P<0.05), the SOD activities were increased and the MDA levels were decreased(P<0.05), and the levels of NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 were decreased(P<0.05);the effect in GLPS group was significantly better than that in GLP group(P<0.05).The results of Western blotting method showed that the p-Akt protein expression levels in the brain tissue of the rats in GLP and GLPS groups were increased compared with model group (P<0.05);compared with model group, the HSP-70 protein expression level in the brain tissue of the rats in GLPS group was increased(P<0.01),but the effect in GLP group was not obvious.Conclusion:Sulfation can significantly improve the protective effect of GLP on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in the rats and its mechanism may be related to regulating the HSP70/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the inflammatory reaction damage to the nerve cells of reperfusion.
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Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Rhodiola total flavonoids on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFB) in the rats, and to explore its mechanisms of improving myocardial fibrosis.Methods 5 μg·L-1 TGF-β1 was used to induce the proliferation of CFB to build the cell models of myocardial fibrosis.The cultured CFB were divided into control group,model group,and low, medium,high doses (25,50 and 100 mg· L-1 )of Rhodiola total flavonoids groups.The cells were treated for 48 h,the vitalities of cells were detected by MTT,the levels of collagen proteinⅠ (ColⅠ)and collagen proteinⅢ(Col Ⅲ)in supernatant were measured by ELISA,and the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)were detected,the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA)and glutathione (GSH) were also measured.Results The MTT results indicated that compared with control group,the cell vitality in model group was significantly increased (P < 0.01 ).compared with model group,the cell vitalities of CFB in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ). Compared with control group, the T-SOD activity in model group was decreased, while the MDA level was significantly increased (P <0.05);compared with model group,the T-SOD activities in 50 and 100 mg· L-1 Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were increased (P <0.01);the MDA levels in 25 and 50 mg· L-1 groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with control group,the GSH-Px activity and GSH level in model group were significantly decreased (P <0.01).Compared with model group,the GSH-Px activities and GSH levels in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were increased (P <0.05).Compared with control group,the ColⅠand Col Ⅲ levels in model group were significantly increased (P <0.01);compared with model group,the ColⅠand Col Ⅲ levels in Rhodiola total flavonoids groups were significantly decreased (P <0.05).Conclusion Rhodiola total flavonoids can inhibit the proliferation of rat CFB.The development of myocardial fibrosis may be inhibited by Rhodiola total flavonoids through anti-oxidative stress pathway.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish methods for the determination of the metal elements and the Total flavonoids in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.METHODS:The atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted to determine the contents of macroelements(Na,K,Ca,Mg)and trace elements(Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cr,Ni)while UV spectrometry was adopted for the determination of the content of Total flavonoids in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.RESULTS:Metal elements and Flavonoids were found to be rich in Flos Lonicerae Japonicae.CONCLUSION:The methods adopted in this study were simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and precise.
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BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies indicated that trace elements were closely correlated with the causes and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease, many trace elements play a beneficial role in maintaining the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular functions and structures, the trace elements needed in human body all exist in Chinese patent medicines, and different Chinese patent medicines contain different trace elements.OBJECTIVE: To make vague category of metal elements in 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic, and find the similarity of the contents of trace elementsand macroelements among the medicines, so as to provide evidence for researching the role of trace elements in the medicines and the correlation with the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.DESIGN: Ten kinds of Chinese patent medicines were powdered and accurately weighed, digested wit the HNO3-HClO4 wet method, the contents of metal elements were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry,mathematic matrix was applied in the vaguecategory of the data so as to find the similarities among the medicines.SETTINGS: Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The medicines were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Tongmai Ningxin Chongji, Fufang Yinxing Jiaowan, Dahuoluo Dan, Zhongfeng Huichun tablet, Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule and Di 'ao Zhibituo, all of which could be bought on the market. Reagents: The standard reserving solution for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr was the national criteria solution (NCS) with the concentration of 1.000 g/L (State Test Center of Ferrous Materials), that for Mn was the secondary NCS with the concentration of 500 mg/L (China General Station for Environment Monitoring). The concentration was 50 mg/L for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr, 20 mg/L for Mn, HNO3 and HClO4 were both in excellent purity, and the water for the experiment was deionized water.METHODS: From March to June in 2001, 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic were selected in the Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College, dried and powdered, completely mixed, 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately with analytical balance, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the contents of macroelements (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and trace elements (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn), the ratios of Cu/Zn and Ca/Mg were calculated, the method of vague category was applied to study the correlations of the medicines.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences of the contents of trace elements in different medicines were observed by determining their contents,and the similarities were found in the clustering analysis of the data.RESULTS: ① The contents of the trace elements and macroelements were rich in the 10 medicines, but they were different in different medicines.There were more macroelements in Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Dahuoluo Dan; The trace elements were more in Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. ② The contents of 10kinds of metal elements, Cu/Zn ratio and Ca/Mg ratio of each sample were taken as the indexes for standardized processing, and the method of maximal tree was applied for the clustering analysis. When r=0.55, five medicines had similar cluster, which were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Dahuoluo Dan and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule. ③ When r=0.85, three medicines had similar cluster, which were Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. When r=0.95, the clustering analysis of trace elements of two medicines were extremely similar, which were Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. Both Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule had the efficacies of increasing blood flow, ameliorate blood stream, and they had many similarities in treating cerebrovascular disease.CONCLUSION: Trace elements should have the similar actions in the process of drug treatment, the Chinese patent medicines with greater correlation coefficient in the clustering analysis have greater similarities in the efficacy on cerebrovascular disease, and those with smaller correlation coefficient also have fewer similarities in the efficacy.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has clear efficacy and fewer side effects, because of its own pharmacological action, as well as the trace elements in it.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of metal elements and their total flavone in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG).DESIGN: Repeated measurement trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: SBG was bought on the market. Rutoside sample(F 20050930, Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Trace Element in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Medical College from April to July in 2006. SBG samples were dried and powdered then digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid wet method. And 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample, placed in 25 mL coni cal flask, 10 mL concentrated HNO3 was added, then sealed for overnight.10 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HClO4 were added respectively on the next day, and slowly heated on the electric hot plate; when only about 1 mL left, 20 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HC1O4 were added for continuous digestion till the solution was colorless and clearing and almost dried. It was diluted and dissolved with 30 g/L nitric acid, then transferred to 50 mL volumetric flask, evenly mixed for measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect macroelement Na, Ca, Mg, K and trace element Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Alcohol extraction method was applied to extract the total flavone of SBG while UV spectrophotometry for the content of total flavone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contents of metal elements and their total flavone.RESULTS: The contents of metal elements and total flavone in SBG were detected as follows: K (1 098.516 8±2.731 9) μg/g; Ca (6 561.552 6±78.716 7) μg/g; Na (9 530.491 2±44.176 6) μg/g; Mg (6 555.442 8±36.860 3) μg/g; Fe (512.075 0±5.135 9) μg/g; Cu (2.905 0±0.134 2) μg/g;Zn (30.081 0±0.740 0) μg/g; Mn (12.409 2±0.247 7) μg/g; Total flavone(17.496 2±2.134 4) mg/g.CONCLUSION: Metal element and their total flavone are rich in SBG.
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BACKGROUND: It is discovered that trace elements in Chinese patent medicine play an important role in pharmaceutical efficacy and structural analysis. A new topic has been formed gradually in a further research on pharmaceutical efficacy and effective components of Chinese patent medicine in the view of inorganic trace elements. The fuzzy classified study on the interrelationship between trace and constant elements of Chinese herbs and therapeutic effects is to discuss the trace-element action of drugs in the holistic aspect of trace elenent and research rather scientifically the holistic coordination among trace elements in Chinese herbs.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of 21 kinds of trace and constant elements in Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease. To study with fuzzy classified method the interdependence between trace, constant elements of drugs and therapeutic effects so as to provide a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.DESIGN: Testified observed study based on various Chinese patent medicines.SETTING: Chemistry teaching-research room in a university and department of cardiology in a general hospital of a chemical industrial group corporation.MATERIALS: Twenty-one kinds of common Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases in clinic, namely di' ao xinxuekang capsule(DXK), xueshuan xinmaining capsule(XMN), shan haidan capsule(SHD), buchang naoxintong capsule(NXT), linaoxin capsule(LNX), xinnaosu capsule(XNS), lixin wan(LXW), suxiao jiuxin wan (SJX), xinbao wan(XBW), yinxingye pian(YXY), fufang danshen pian (DSP), niuhuang jiangya wan(NHJY), naosaitong pian(NST), qiangli tianma duzhong wan ( TD W ) , tongsaimai pian ( TSM ) , tongmai ningxin infusion(TMNX), maitong capsule(MTC), fufang yinxing wan ( YXW ) , da huoluo dan(DHL), guanxin suhe capsule(GXSH) and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule (XSTL).METHODS: Wet digestion was used to manage samples, atomic absorption spectrophotometric method(AAS) method was used to determine the contents of 10 kinds of trace and constant elements in 21 Chinese patent medicines,namely Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn. Data range method was applied for the standardized management of statistical indexes of various element contents in relevant drugs, dotprod(U, V) method was used to measure correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. The interrelationship was analyzed between the contents of trace elements of various Chinese medicines and pharmaceutical efficacy. By the analysis of fuzzy matrixes in universe, it was to evaluate firmly on the efficacy similarity of various kinds of Chinese patent medicines with quantitative indexes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of element contents; ② Results of fuzzy cluster analysis on elements.RESULTS: The standardized management of statistical indexes was carried on the contents of Na, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn in various drugs to determine correlation coefficient(r) among the classified objects so as to determine fuzzy matrixes in universe. When(r) = 0.55, there were 9 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely xueshuan xinmaining capsule, buchang naoxintong capsule, lixin wan, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan,tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule, da h uoluo dan and xiaoshuan tongluo capsu le. When(r) =0. 65, there were 6 kinds of drugs similar in cluster,namely buchang naoxintong capsule, xin bao wan, qiangli tianmai duzhong wan, tongsaimai pian, maitong capsule and xiaoshuan tongluo capsule. When(r) =0. 87, there were 2 kinds of drugs similar in cluster, namely buchang naoxintong capsule and xin bao wan.CONCLUSION: It is indicated in the research that the drugs are in rich of trace and constant elements. The larger the correlation coefficient of drugs is,the more similar the pharmaceutical efficacy is. It is discovered the close interrelationship of the trace and constant elements in drugs with their pharmaceutical efficacy. In this research, fuzzy classified method is used to discuss, in the view of trace elements, the similarity of quantitative indexes in efficacy of Chinese patent medicine commonly administrated in the treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease, which has provided a new approach for the quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine.
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Objective To explore the treatment effect of human growth factor (NGF) on vascular dementia. Method 47 cases with vascular dementia were randomly divided into two groups (study and control). The study group (24 cases) were treated with NGF, the control group (23 cases) were treated with ordinary medicines.Results The intelligence and cognitive ability in the study group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with other methods, NGF has a significant curative effect.
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Objective: To apply fuzzy clustering analysis to determination of 10 inorganic elements and Cu/Zn ratio in 13 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine cured for vascular disease. Methods: By FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry) sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, chromium, nickel, manganese, copper and zinc were determined. By range analysis, correlation coefficients and relative fuzzy matrix were calculated.Results: Correlation coeffieients ? were mostly in the range of 0.55～0.80, especially ?=0.95 between Buzhangnaoxintong Capsule and Xinbao Pill. Conclusion: On condition that trace and macro elements are relatively rich and clustering correlation coefficients are larger, therapentic effects among traditional Chinese medicines cured for vascular disease are also similar. This suggests that trace elements, macro elements and Cu/Zn ratio have much to do with therapeutic effect.