ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the relationship between cathepsin L and apoptosis cell in rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley Rats (10-12 weeks old,260-300 g) were chosen.Based on the random number table method,the rats were randomly divided into sham-operated control group (Sham group,n =10),ischemia-reperfusion group (model group,n =25),and Z-FY-DMK intervention group (CLI group,n =25).Rats were randomly divided into 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h four subgroups in model group and CLI group,respectively.Modified transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was made as Longa described,the intervention groups were injected intracerebroventricularly Z-FY-DMK (20 μg / 1μ1 ×5 μl) preoperative 30 min prior to surgery,Sham group and schemia reperfusion injury (IRI) group were injected intracerebroventricularly dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 5 μ1 (10ml/L) at the same time.Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) straining.Western blotting was used to detect the expression of cathepsin L and caspase-3.Results In the cortical area of ischemic brain,apoptosis cells of sham operation group were rare,while apoptosis of nerve cells of model group with 6 hours reperfusion were visible,and were gradually increased in the order of 12 hours,24 hours and 48 hours.At the same time point,the apoptosis cells of CL intervention group (6 h,12 h,24 h,48 h) were obviously less than model group (P ＜0.05).Western blotting found little visible cathepsin L protein expression in ischemic cerebral cortex preoptic in the sham group.For model group,the cathepsin L expression initially increased in sub groups with 6 hours reperfusion,reached to a peak in sub groups with 12 hours and 24 hours,and remained a high level in sub groups with 48 hours reperfusion.Compared to model group,the cathepsin L expressions of CL intervention group were obviously decreased at all time points (P ＜ O.05).Conclusions Cathepsin L may be involved in neuronal apoptosis by means of caspases 3 pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic efficiency of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging for indeterminate thyroid nodules.Methods Sixty-eight patients (24 males,44 females,age:(52.8±10.58) years) with indeterminate thyroid nodules who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging from January 2006 to December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The imaging characteristic including clearity of boundary,uniform density,calcification,capsule,mean CT value,nodular size and SUVmax of thyroid nodules were evaluated.The gold standard was postoperative pathological results.Mann-Whitney u test,x2 test and ROC curve analysis were performed to investigate the diagnostic efficiency.Results Among 68 patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules,18 were malignant and 50 were benign according to pathological results.Uniform density,calcification,capsule (x2 =0.21,0.01,0.43,all P＞0.05) and mean CT value,nodular size (all AUCs＜0.5) could not differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules.However,whether the nodules had clear boundary was significant to differentiate benign from malignant nodules (x2=8.06,P＜0.05),and the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 55.6％ (10/ 18),80.0％ (40/50) and 73.5％ (50/68),respectively.The mean SUVmax of benign and malignant thyroid nodules was 3.16±1.84 and 8.53±7.09,respectively (u=-4.281,P＜0.01).AUC of SUVmax was 0.841 (95％ CI:0.726-0.955).According to the maximal Youden index(0.562),4.25 was chosen as the SUVmax threshold,and its sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were72.2％(13/18),84.0％(42/50) and 80.9％(55/68),respectively.Conclusion Among different characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging,SUVmax of thyroid nodules plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of undetermined thyroid nodules,but CT image features have limited value.