ABSTRACT
Androgens, the male sex hormones, play an essential role in male sexual differentiation and development. However, the influence of these sex hormones extends beyond their roles in sexual differentiation and development. In many animal species, sex hormones have been shown to be essential for sexual differentiation of the brain during development and for maintaining sexually dimorphic behavior throughout life. The principals of sex determination in humans have been demonstrated to be similar to other mammals. However, the hormonal influence on sexual dimorphic differences in the nervous system in humans, sex differences in behaviors, and its correlations with those of other mammals is still an emerging field. In this review, the roles of androgens in gender and cognitive function are discussed with the emphasis on subjects with androgen action defects including complete androgen insensitivity due to androgen receptor mutations and 5α-reductase-2 deficiency syndromes due to 5α-reductase-2 gene mutations. The issue of the complex interaction of nature versus nurture is addressed.
ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) is very common in immune rheumatism, with high disease incidence and long course, hard to cure. The medicines and bio-preparation used in treating RA in modern medicine are difficult to spread and for long application owing to their unsatisfactory effect or much toxic or side effects. However, the acupuncture has definite effect without side effects. As the unique therapy in acupuncture field—abdominal acupuncture, can it bear the task of treating RA The article makes analysis and discussion on its availability.