Associated factors and treatment options for sleep bruxism in children: an umbrella review

Abstract Data on clinical management options for sleep bruxism in the primary dentition are inconclusive. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the available evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) on the associated factors and treatment approaches for clinical management of sleep bruxism in children. A search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and OpenGrey databases up to March 2022. SRs published on sleep bruxism in children containing data on associated factors or treatment outcomes were included. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess the methodological quality of SRs. The search identified 444 articles, of which six were included. Sleep conditions, respiratory changes, personality traits, and psychosocial factors were the associated factors commonly identified. Treatments included psychological and pharmacological therapies, occlusal devices, physical therapy, and surgical therapy. All SRs included presented a high risk of bias. Overlapping of the included studies was considered very high. The best evidence available to date for the management of sleep bruxism in children is based on associated factors, with sleep duration and conditions, respiratory changes, as well as personality traits and psychosocial factors being the most important factors commonly reported by studies. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to make recommendations for specific treatment options.

Comparative in vitro study of intracanal Enterococcus faecalis reduction using photosensitizers in aPDT

Aim: To compare Enterococcus faecalis reduction after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used with methylene blue, toluidine blue, tannin, and curcumin as photosensitizers, an adjunct to endodontic chemomechanical preparation (CMP) in root canals of human teeth. Methods: A total of 120 single-rooted teeth were divided into 6 groups (n = 20): G1- CMP and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); G2- CMP and saline solution; G3- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% methylene blue; G4- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% toluidine blue; G5- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% tannin; and G6- CMP, 2.5% NaOCl, and aPDT with 0.005% curcumin. A portable semiconductor laser was used (660 nm, 100 mW, 1.8 J, 180s) in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and a blue LED light-curing (420-480 nm, 1200 mV/cm2 ) in G6. For all groups, a 5 min pre-irradiation time was applied. Samples were collected before (initial collection), immediately after (intermediate collection) and 7 days after CMP (final collection) for colony-forming unit (CFU) counting. The Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed (p < 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p >< 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.05; 95% confidence interval). Results: In between-group comparisons, there was no significant difference observed in the number of CFUs at the initial (p < 0.001) and final collections (p >< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies.>< 0.001) and final collections (p < 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies>< 0.001) for G2 and G3. In within-group comparisons, the number of CFUs showed a decreasing trend in G4 (p = 0.007) and G5 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Photosensitizers promoted E. faecalis reduction, with better results for tannin and curcumin. Alternative photosensitizers should be the focus of further studies

As relações interpessoais entre adolescentes: o teste sociométrico como recurso para superar conflitos e violências escolares / Social relationships between adolescents: the sociometric test as a resource for overcoming violence and conflict in schools / Las relaciones interpersonales entre adolescentes: el test sociométrico como recurso para la superación de conflictos y violencias en las escuelas

Este artigo tem por objetivo apontar o teste sociométrico como recurso capaz de subsidiar o trabalho do professor em sala de aula no acompanhamento das relações interpessoais entre adolescentes para mediar conflitos, ensinar-lhes a conviver e superar violências. O mapeamento foi realizado em uma turma do 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública, com histórico de violências, na periferia de Brasília. O resultado do teste sociométrico demonstrou que a professora, desconhecendo os adolescentes e a origem dos conflitos nas relações interpessoais dos alunos, adotava medidas reativas por ensaio e erro, contribuindo para o ciclo das violências e consequentemente para o seu desestímulo profissional.

This paper aims to illustrate the sociometric test as a resource for supporting the work of teachers in the classroom in accompanying interpersonal relationships between adolescents, in order to mediate conflicts, to teach them how to live together, as well as overcoming violence. The test mapped social relationships detecting aversions and attractions in a 6th grade class of a public school known for violent occurrences in the suburbs of Brasília, Brazil. Its results revealed that the teacher, uninformed about the students and the reason for the conflicts in their interpersonal relationships adopted reactive measures by trial and error. This behavior contributed to the worsening violence, at the same time causing professional stress.

Este artículo objetiva destacar el test sociométrico como recurso para subsidiar el trabajo docente en clase en el acompañamiento de las relaciones interpersonales entre los adolescentes para mediar los conflictos, educarlos para la convivencia social y la superación de la violencia. El mapa de la tela de relaciones se diseñó en una clase de sexto grado de la educación primaria de una escuela pública, conocida por sus ocurrencias violentas y ubicada en la periferia urbana de Brasília, Brasil. Sus resultados indicaron que la maestra, al desconocer los estudiantes y las orígenes de los conflictos entre ellos, intentaba experimentar medidas reactivas en sus tentativas. Como consecuencia, el ciclo de violencia se incrementaba, lo que contribuía para su pérdida de interés en la profesión.