ABSTRACT
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a genetically heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases that are commonly characterized by chronic joint synovial inflammation with unknown etiology in childhood.It is cu-rrently incurable and the main therapeutic goal is to achieve clinical remission.The drugs currently used to treat JIA mainly include non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, and biological agents.In this article, recent advances in the understanding of JIA treatment and related clinical research were reviewed, in an attempt to provide prospects for the future direction of drug development and treatment concepts.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and side effects of combination of methylprednisolone pulse (MDP)and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in the children.Methods:A total of 16 cases of children with SLE,lupus nephritis(LN)and type Ⅳ diffuse glomerular mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis diagnosed by pathology were selected.Among them 7 cases were given MDP combined with MMF,and received intermittently oral small dose of corticosteroids(GC),and they were used as pulse therapy group;9 cases were given oral GC and transitional reduction,and they were used as traditional therapy group.SLEDAI was used for the evaluation of the curative effect,and body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),intraocular pressure(IOP),triglycerides(TG),fasting blood glucose(FBG)and serum calcium (Ca)were analyzed during the treatment of 1 year and then the efficacies and side effects of the children in two groups were compared.Results:The SLEDAI scores,levels of complements C3 and C4,24 h urinary protein outcome of the children in pulse therapy group were better than those in traditional therapy group;the differences in SLEDAI scores were statistically significant after treating for 3 and 6 months between two groups(P<0.05);ESR and 24 h urinary protein outcome had significant differences after 6 months of treatment between two groups(P<0.05);the complement C3 difference was statistically significant between two groups(P<0.05)after 12 months of treatment.Compared with traditional therapy group,the BMI,IOP,TG,FBG of the children in pulse therapy group after treatment were decreased(P<0.05);the BMI,IOP and TG had significant differences after treating for 12 months between two groups(P<0.05);the differences in FBG were statistically significant after treating for 6 and 12 months between two groups(P<0.05).The Ca of the patients in pulse therapy group was higher than that in traditional therapy group,but there was no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).The SPB and DBP of the patients in pulse therapy group were higher than those in traditional therapy group,but the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).At the same time,gastrointestinal ulcers,bleeding,perforation, pancreatitis,cardiovascular events (such as cardiac arrhythmias)didn't occur in two groups. Conclusion:Compared with traditional therapy,the combined treatment of MDP and MMF can control the symptoms of SLE early and rapidly,and reduce the viscera damage.To choose 1 year after treatment as observation point,its disease activity is lower than the traditional therapy,and the curative effect is better than oral GC transitional reduction with immunosuppressant therapy.The GC-related side effects are lower than traditional therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and side effects of combination of methylprednisolone pulse (MDP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the children. Methods: A total of 16 cases of children with SLE, lupus nephritis (LN) and type IV diffuse glomerular mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis diagnosed by pathology were selected. Among them 7 cases were given MDP combined with MMF, and received intermittently oral small dose of corticosteroids (GC), and they were used as pulse therapy group; 9 cases were given oral GC and transitional reduction, and they were used as traditional therapy group. SLEDAI was used for the evaluation of the curative effect, and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum calcium Ca) were analyzed during the treatment of 1 year and then the efficacies and side effects of the children in two groups were compared. Results: The SLEDAI scores, levels of complements C3 and C4, 24 h urinary protein outcome of the children in pulse therapy group were better than those in traditional therapy group; the differences in SLEDAI scores were statistically significant after treating for 3 and 6 months between two groups (P0.05). The SPB and DBP of the patients in pulse therapy group were higher than those in traditional therapy group, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). At the same time, gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding, perforation, pancreatitis, cardiovascular events (such as cardiac arrhythmias) didn't occur in two groups. Conclusion: Compared with traditional therapy, the combined treatment of MDP and MMF can control the symptoms of SLE early and rapidly, and reduce the viscera damage. To choose 1 year after treatment as observation point, its disease activity is lower than the traditional therapy, and the curative effect is better than oral GC transitional reduction with immunosuppressant therapy. The GC-related side effects are lower than traditional therapy.
ABSTRACT
Formative evaluation is a medical education evaluation form used to correct its own track in the course of activities so as to get better effect. In the medical education, it can significantly improve the medical students' ability such as active learning ability, relearning ability, ability to master and apply know l edge, ability of scientific thinking and debating, ability of innovation and analysis, ability of association and communication, and so on.