Elbow joint training in table tennis teaching / Treinamento da articulação do cotovelo no ensino do tênis de mesa / Entrenamiento de la articulación del codo en la enseñanza del tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction Table tennis is widely acclaimed by the public and is also one of the most popular activities chosen by Chinese athletes. However, many athletes only pay attention to learning sports skills in sports training and neglect muscle strength training. Objective Study the training strategy of the muscles that make up the elbow joint in table tennis players and its influence on sports. Methods This paper selected 5 high-level high school table tennis athletes from a university as research volunteers. The training content included strength training, flexibility training, and other physical tests. The duration of the training was one hour, four times a week. The total training lasted six weeks. Results For the movement at a speed of 180°/s, the peak torque, the relative peak torque, and the percentage of peak flexor and extensor torque of the elbow joint of the athletes showed significant gains. However, the elbow joint change in flexion range was much shorter than in extension. Conclusion Coaches and athletes should choose a mode of elbow muscle training according to their actual needs, promoting the development of elbow muscle strength in athletes to raise their competitive level. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O tênis de mesa é amplamente aclamado pelo público e é também uma das atividades populares mais escolhidas pelos atletas chineses. Entretanto, no processo de treinamento esportivo, muitos atletas só prestam atenção ao aprendizado das habilidades esportivas e negligenciam o treinamento da força muscular. Objetivo Estudar a estratégia de treinamento dos músculos que compõe a articulação do cotovelo em jogadores de tênis de mesa e a sua influência nos esportes. Métodos Este trabalho selecionou 5 atletas de tênis de mesa de alto nível do segundo grau de uma universidade como voluntários de pesquisa. O conteúdo do treinamento inclui treinamento de força, treinamento de flexibilidade, entre outros testes físicos. A duração do treinamento foi de uma hora, quatro vezes por semana. O treinamento total teve duração de seis semanas. Resultados Para o movimento com a velocidade de 180°/s, o torque de pico, o torque de pico relativo e a porcentagem de torque de pico do flexor e extensor da articulação do cotovelo dos atletas mostraram ganhos expressivos. Porém o intervalo de alteração articular do cotovelo na flexão foi muito menor do que na extensão. Conclusão Os treinadores e atletas devem eleger um modo de treinamento muscular do cotovelo de acordo com as suas necessidades reais, promovendo o desenvolvimento da força muscular do cotovelo nos atletas para elevar o seu nível competitivo. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El tenis de mesa goza de una gran aceptación por parte del público y es también una de las actividades más populares elegidas por los deportistas chinos. Sin embargo, en el proceso de entrenamiento deportivo, muchos atletas sólo prestan atención al aprendizaje de habilidades deportivas y descuidan el entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular. Objetivo Estudiar la estrategia de entrenamiento de los músculos que componen la articulación del codo en jugadores de tenis de mesa y su influencia en el deporte. Métodos Este trabajo seleccionó a 5 atletas de tenis de mesa de alto nivel de una universidad como voluntarios para la investigación. El contenido de la formación incluye entrenamiento de fuerza, entrenamiento de flexibilidad, entre otras pruebas físicas. La duración del entrenamiento fue de una hora, cuatro veces por semana. La formación total duró seis semanas. Resultados Para el movimiento con la velocidad de 180°/s, el par máximo, el par máximo relativo y el porcentaje del par máximo del flexor y del extensor de la articulación del codo de los atletas mostraron ganancias expresivas. Sin embargo, el rango de cambio de la articulación del codo en flexión fue mucho menor que en extensión. Conclusión Los entrenadores y los atletas deben elegir un modo de entrenamiento de los músculos del codo de acuerdo con sus necesidades reales, promoviendo el desarrollo de la fuerza muscular del codo en los atletas para elevar su nivel competitivo. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Haze weather health protection behavior and associated factors in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate adolescent haze weather health protection behavior, and to provide scientific basis for behavioral intervention and health guidance for adolescents in haze weather.@*Methods@#From June 2015 to April 2016, 1 025 adolescents were selected from 22 classes in two middle schools of Baoding City, Hebei Province, by stratified cluster sampling method. General information questionnaire and the Brief Haze Weather Health Protection Behavior Assessment Scale Adolescent Version (BHWHPBAS AV) were used. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to explore factors affecting adolescent haze weather health protection behavior. Different models were used to confirm associations between influencing factors and BHWHPBAS AV scores.@*Results@#Adolescents had a low overall score of BHWHPBASAV (45.81±13.16). The score rate of self adjustment after haze weather was the highest (64.54%). The score rate of obtaining relevant knowledge before haze weather was the lowest (50.28%). Compared with adolescents in urban area, rural adolescents had a lower BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=-3.20, P <0.01). Compared with students (living with parents), those living without parents had a lower BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=-4.16, P =0.01). Compared with students never receive physical examination,those had received physical examination during the past years had a higher BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=4.44，5.66，9.04, P <0.01). Compared with students with no knowledge of respiratory system diseases, those with moderate to sufficient knowledge had a higher BHWHPBAS AV score ( β=9.34，12.19，P <0.01). These associations were stable and consistent.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that residence, residence with parents, physical examination and knowledge of respiratory diseases were the relevant factors of BHWHPBAS AV score ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Adolescent haze weather health protection behavior level is low and is affected by many factors. Cooperation should be strengthened to conduct behavioral interventions and health guidance on haze health protection for adolescents, so as to promote healthy growth of adolescents.