Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pediatric Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients and outpatients at Beijing Children's Hospital

Abstract Background Understanding the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolates is important for pneumonia treatment and prevention. This research aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of S. pneumoniae isolated from pediatric inpatients and outpatients during the same period. Methods S. pneumoniae were isolated from unsterile samples of inpatients and outpatients younger than five years old between March 2013 and February 2014. The serotypes were determined using diagnostic pneumococcal antisera. The resistance of each strain to 13 antibiotics was tested using either the E-test or the disc diffusion method. The Sequence Types (STs) were analyzed via Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST). Results The dominant serotypes obtained from inpatients were 19F (32.9 %), 19A (20.7 %), 23F (10.7 %), 6A (10.0 %), and 14 (8.6 %), while those from outpatients were 19F (13.6 %), 23F (12.9 %), 6A (10.0 %), 6B (10.0 %), and 19A (7.9 %). The coverage rates of 13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) formulations were high in both groups. The nonsusceptibility to penicillin, cefuroxime, imipenem, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among the inpatient isolates was 7.1 %, 92.8 %, 65.7 %, 100 %, and 85.0 %, respectively, while that among the outpatient isolates was 0.7 %, 50.0 %, 38.6 %, 96.4 %, and 65.7 %, respectively. There were 45 and 81 STs detected from the pneumococci isolated from inpatients and outpatients, respectively. CC271 was common among both inpatients and outpatients (43.6 % and 14.3 %). Conclusions Pneumococcal vaccine-related serotypes are prevalent among both inpatients and outpatients, especially among inpatients, who exhibit more severe antibiotic resistance. Therefore, universal immunization with PCV13 would decrease the hospitalization rate due to S. pneumoniae and the antibiotic resistance rate of S. pneumoniae.

Impact of high-intensity interval training on body mass index in college students / Impacto do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre o índice de massa corporal em estudantes universitários / Impacto del entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad en el índice de masa corporal de estudiantes universitarios

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to academic pressure, many college students feel unmotivated to exercise, leading to serious obesity problems. One of the effective resources for weight loss is high-intensity interval training, but there is no extensive research on the effect on this specific group. Objective: To explore the impact of high-intensity interval training on body fat index (BFI) in college students, analyzing the scientific basis and safety of this exercise training through heart rate indicators. Methods: Two experimental groups, MICT (moderate-intensity continuous training) and HIIT (high-intensity interval training), were compared. The HIIT group used stationary bicycles, according to the high-intensity interval training method. MICT is a moderate-intensity continuous training method, so the load was half that of the HIIT group. Results: The IGC of women after training was 22.81±2.87, the IGC was significantly reduced, and there was a very significant difference; the IGC of men after training was 22.74±2.12, the IGC was significantly reduced, and they very significant difference. This shows that the exercises have a good effect on weight loss. Conclusion: HIIT training is more effective, both in time and strength of adherence. It has a good effect on improving cardiopulmonary function, and optimizing IGC are strongly impacted. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Devido à pressão acadêmica, muitos estudantes universitários sentem-se desmotivados para o exercício, acarretando a sérios problemas de obesidade. Um dos recursos eficazes para a perda de peso é o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, porém não há pesquisas amplas sobre o efeito nesse grupo específico. Objetivo: Explorar o impacto do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade no índice de gordura corporal (IGC) dos estudantes universitários, analisando o embasamento científico e a segurança desse treinamento de exercício através dos indicadores de frequência cardíaca. Métodos: Dois grupos experimentais MICT (treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada) e HIIT (treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade) foram comparados. O grupo HIIT utilizou bicicletas estacionárias, de acordo com o método de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. MICT é um método de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada, portanto a carga foi a metade do grupo HIIT. Resultados: O IGC das mulheres após o treinamento foi de 22,81±2,87, o IGC foi significativamente reduzido e houve uma diferença muito significativa, o IGC dos homens após o treinamento foi de 22,74±2,12, o IGC foi significativamente reduzido e houve uma diferença muito significativa. Isso mostra que os exercícios têm um bom efeito na perda de peso. Conclusão: O treinamento HIIT é mais eficaz, tanto em tempo quanto na resistência da adesão. Tem um bom efeito de melhora na função cardiopulmonar, sendo a otimização do IGC fortemente impactada. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Debido a la presión académica, muchos estudiantes universitarios se sienten desmotivados para hacer ejercicio, lo que conduce a graves problemas de obesidad. Uno de los recursos efectivos para la pérdida de peso es el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad, sin embargo, no hay amplias investigaciones sobre el efecto en este grupo específico. Objetivo: Explorar el impacto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en el índice de grasa corporal (IGC) de estudiantes universitarios, analizando la base científica y la seguridad de este entrenamiento de ejercicio a través de indicadores de frecuencia cardíaca. Métodos: Se compararon dos grupos experimentales MICT (entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada) y HIIT (entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad). El grupo HIIT utilizó bicicletas fijas, según el método de entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad. El MICT es un método de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada, por lo que la carga era la mitad que la del grupo HIIT. Resultados: El IGC de las mujeres después del entrenamiento fue de 22,81±2,87, el IGC se redujo significativamente y hubo una diferencia muy significativa, el IGC de los hombres después del entrenamiento fue de 22,74±2,12, el IGC se redujo significativamente y hubo una diferencia muy significativa. Esto demuestra que los ejercicios tienen un buen efecto en la pérdida de peso. Conclusión: El entrenamiento HIIT es más efectivo, tanto en tiempo como en resistencia a la adherencia. Tiene un buen efecto de mejora de la función cardiopulmonar, con un fuerte impacto en la optimización del IGC. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio Is Associated with Atrial High-Rate Episodes within One Year Detected by Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the risk factors for predicting atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) detected by cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Methods: A total of 140 patients with CIED in our hospital from June 2013 to June 2018 were included and were followed up to observe whether they had AHREs. AHRE are defined as atrial rate ≥ 175 times/minute, lasting > 5 minutes, and reviewed by an experienced electrophysiologist with unclear clinical diagnosis. The patients fasted for 12 hours after implantation, and blood samples were collected for biochemical, lipid, and whole blood count detection. Follow-up was regular after discharge to record follow-up data of each patient and conduct statistical analysis. Results: One hundred and forty patients were implanted with dual-chamber pacemakers, their median age was 70 years old, 44.29% were male, 27 patients had AHRE within one year, and AHRE incidence rate was 19.29%. The microcytic to hypochromic (M/H) ratio was calculated for all AHRE patients and compared with the patients without AHRE; the M/H value of AHRE patients was significantly higher. Throughout the entire follow-up period, a total of 44 patients developed AHRE; when adjusted by multivariate analysis, only M/H ratio ≥ 4.5 vs. < 4.5 had statistical significance, and the adjusted hazard ratio value was 4.313 (1.675-11.105). Conclusion: As an indicator, M/H ratio may play an important role in the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation and can be used as a predictor of AHRE in patients with CIED.

Spatio-temporal distribution of vector borne diseases in Australia and Papua New Guinea vis-à-vis climatic factors

Background & objectives: Weather and climate are directly linked to human health including the distribution and occurrence of vector-borne diseases which are of significant concern for public health. Methods: In this review, studies on spatiotemporal distribution of dengue, Barmah Forest Virus (BFV) and Ross River Virus (RRV) in Australia and malaria in Papua New Guinea (PNG) under the influence of climate change and/ or human society conducted in the past two decades were analysed and summarised. Environmental factors such as temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and tides were the main contributors from climate. Results: The Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) index (a product from the Australian Bureau of Statistics that ranks areas in Australia according to relative socio-economic advantage and disadvantage) was important in evaluating contribution from human society. Interpretation & conclusion: For future studies, more emphasis on evaluation of impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and human society on spatio-temporal distribution of vector borne diseases is recommended to highlight importance of the environmental factors in spreading mosquito-borne diseases in Australia and PNG.

Probiotic supplements for endurance exercise performance and immune function / Suplementação probiótica para o desempenho do exercício de resistência e função imunológica / Suplementación probiótica para el rendimiento del ejercicio de resistencia y la función inmunitaria

ABSTRACT Introduction: After long-term research, it was found that athletes are susceptible to suffering from upper respiratory tract infections and digestive system diseases when subjected to high-intensity exercise for long periods. Objective: To verify whether consuming probiotic supplements after exercise can significantly improve the function of the immune system and play a positive role in the health of athletes. Method: This is a quantitative study with distribution analysis to verify whether probiotic supplements could improve immune response after exercise. Results: After using probiotic supplements, by recording the individual differences in the distribution characteristics of athletes› gastrointestinal flora, we found that the changes of subjects› sports performance, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and gastrointestinal flora after six weeks of special training were different. Conclusion: Long-term oral probiotics for athletes can effectively reduce inflammation in the body, reduce damage to the body during exercise, and effectively improve the gastrointestinal tract›s immune function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMO Introdução: Após pesquisas de longo prazo, descobriu-se que os atletas são suscetíveis a infecções do trato respiratório superior e doenças do sistema digestivo quando submetidos a exercícios de alta intensidade por longos períodos de tempo. Objetivo: Verificar se a suplementação probiótica pós-exercício pode melhorar significativamente o funcionamento do sistema imunológico e desempenhar um papel positivo na saúde dos atletas. Métodos: Este foi um estudo quantitativo com análise distributiva para verificar se os suplementos probióticos poderiam melhorar a resposta imunológica após o exercício. Resultados: Após o uso de suplementos probióticos, ao registrar diferenças individuais nas características de distribuição da flora gastrointestinal dos atletas, descobrimos que as mudanças no desempenho esportivo dos sujeitos, leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócitos e flora gastrointestinal após seis semanas de treinamento especial foram diferentes. Conclusão: Probióticos orais de longo prazo para atletas podem efetivamente reduzir a inflamação no corpo, reduzir os danos corporais durante o exercício e efetivamente melhorar a função imunológica do trato gastrointestinal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: Tras una investigación a largo plazo, se descubrió que los atletas son susceptibles de sufrir infecciones del tracto respiratorio superior y enfermedades del sistema digestivo cuando se someten a ejercicios de alta intensidad durante largos períodos. Objetivo: Verificar si el consumo de suplementos probióticos después del ejercicio puede mejorar significativamente la función del sistema inmunológico y desempeñar un papel positivo en la salud de los atletas. Método: Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo con análisis de distribución para verificar si los suplementos probióticos podrían mejorar la respuesta inmunitaria después del ejercicio. Resultados: Después de usar suplementos probióticos, al registrar las diferencias individuales en las características de distribución de la flora gastrointestinal de los atletas, encontramos que los cambios del rendimiento deportivo de los sujetos, los leucocitos, los neutrófilos, los linfocitos y la flora gastrointestinal después de seis semanas de entrenamiento especial eran diferentes. Conclusión: Los probióticos orales a largo plazo para los atletas pueden reducir eficazmente la inflamación en el cuerpo, reducir el daño al cuerpo durante el ejercicio y mejorar eficazmente la función inmune del tracto gastrointestinal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Association between parents health literacy and health risk behaviors of middle school students in northeast Jiangxi Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between parents health literacy and health risk behaviors of middle school students, so as to provide theoretical basis for parental health literacy improvement and adolescent health risk behaviors prevention.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 993 middle school students and their parents in northeast Jiangxi Province by multistage stratified random sampling during Jun. to Sept. of 2020. Spearman correlation and generalized linear model were used to explore association between parents health literacy with 5 types of unhealthy behaviors.@*Results@#Generalized linear model analysis showed that after adjusting household economic status and other covariates, parents health literacy was associated with adolescent health risk behaviors, and the scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), health information literacy ( β = -0.06 , 95% CI =-0.08--0.05) were associated with substance abuse and violence among middle school students; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.04--0.01) was associated with adolescent healthy eating behavior; health information literacy ( β =-0.03, 95% CI =-0.05--0.02) was associated with breakfast and exercise in middle school students; chronic disease literacy ( β =0.05, 95% CI =0.00-0.09), health information literacy ( β =-0.02, 95% CI =-0.03--0.00) was associated with screen related behavior of middle school students; scientific health view ( β =-0.05, 95% CI =-0.09--0.01), basic medical literacy ( β =-0.08, 95% CI =-0.13--0.04), health information literacy ( β =0.02, 95% CI =0.00-0.03) were associated with middle school students traffic safety behavior( P <0.05). @*Conclusion@#There is a certain cross sectional correlation between parents health literacy and adolescent health risk behaviors. It is necessary to clarify the direction and intensity of the correlation in the cohort study.

Effects of changes in family structure on depressive anxiety and stress related symptoms among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of major family structure changes on depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students, and to provide theoretical basis for mental health promotion and prevention.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 9 779 college students from 6 universities, including Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Shangrao Normal University, Gannan Normal University, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, and Changjiang University, by using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS 21).@*Results@#The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among college students were 27.4%, 42.0% and 17.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that family structure was associated with anxiety and stress symptoms ( χ 2=8.40,13.08, P <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that specific family structure other than single or two parent family was positively correlated with anxiety( OR =1.89,95% CI =1.05- 3.42 ) and stress symptoms ( OR =2.48, 95% CI =1.36-4.50), family structure changes due to parental divorce was positively correlated with stress symptoms ( OR =1.53,95% CI =1.05-2.20)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms of college students is related to the type of family structure and the changing factors. Colleges should pay more attention to the mental condition of college students with family structure changes, and deliver various mental health promotion services including psychological counseling and health education.

Clinical study of GeneXpert combined with T-SPOT and TB-Ab on bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the diagnostic efficacy of rifampin-resistant real-time fluorescent quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection technology (GeneXpert MTB/RIF) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) combined with peripheral blood tuberculosis infection T cell spot test (T-SPOT) and tuberculosis antibody (TB-Ab) in smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods　The clinical data of 114 cases of clinically diagnosed smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, 80 cases of non-tuberculous pulmonary diseases and 22 cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The detection results of peripheral blood T-SPOT, TB-Ab and BALF GeneXpert in the three groups were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, false negative rate, false positive rate and Youden index of the three detection methods were compared. The differences in the positive detection rate of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis between the separate detection and the combined detection of the three methods were compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC). Results　The sensitivity of BALF GeneXpert and peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab was 66.91%, 80.88% and 90.44%, respectively. The specificity was 98.75%, 73.75% and 41.25%, respectively; the diagnostic coincidence rates were 78.70%, 78.24% and 72.22%, respectively, which were higher than 70.00%. In the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group, the positive detection rates of these three methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group were 63.15%, 79.82% and 90.35%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant compared with those in the non-tuberculosis pulmonary disease group (all P<0.01). The positive detection rate of the three combined methods in the smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis group was 96.49 %, which was significantly higher than that of TB-GeneXpert method and T-SPOT, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=37.283, P<0.01; χ2=13.612, P<0.01); the Youden index of combined detection was significantly higher than that of single detection, and the AUC of combined detection was 0.977, which was significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion　BALF GeneXpert combined with peripheral blood T-SPOT and TB-Ab can significantly improve the diagnostic rate of bacterial-negative pulmonary tuberculosis, providing a strong basis for guiding clinical treatment.

Kinesio Taping combined with electroacupuncture for the treatment of patellofemoral disorder in middle-aged and elderly exercise enthusiasts / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical efficacy of Kinesio Taping combined with electroacupuncture in the treatment of patellofemoral disorder in middle-aged and elderly exercise enthusiasts.@*METHODS@#From April 2018 to April 2020, 62 middle-aged and elderly exercisers with patellofemoral disorder were selected and divided into observation group and control group. In the observation group, there were 30 cases:12 males and 18 females, aged from 35 to 66 years old, with an average age of (48.32±6.80) years old. The observation group was treated with Kinesio Taping and electroacupuncture . In the control group, there were 32 cases:12 males and 20 females, aged from 35 to 67 years old, with an averageage of (48.67±8.13) years old. The patients in the control group was treated with knee electroacupuncture. All the patients in both groups were treated once every other day, 3 times a week, for a total of 4 weeks. The VAS pain score and knee Lysholm score before and after treatment were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and statistical analysis was conducted.@*RESULTS@#In the control group, 2 patients were not satisfied with the curative effect after 2 weeks of treatment and gave up treatment, while the remaining 60 patients completed all the treatments. After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS and Lyshlom scores of the control group were 2.73±1.46 and 75.63±8.62 respectively;the VAS and Lyshlom scores of the observation group were 2.02±1.85 and 83.31±5.53 respectively;the VAS and Lyshlom scores of the observation group and the control group were better than those before treatment, and the Lyshlom scores of the observation group were better than those of the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#Kinesio Taping combined with electroacupuncture is aimed at patellofemoral disorderof middle-aged and elderly sports enthusiasts. It has little trauma, can relieve pain and has a fast onset speed, which is readily accepted by patients, and promotes the rehabilitation of knee joint function of patients, thus providing a favorable reference for the promotion in clinical application.

Zheng's massage combined with electroacupuncture in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of the wrist / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effects of zheng's massage combined with electroacupuncture in the treatment ofreflex sensory dystrophy syndrome of the wrist.@*METHODS@#From October 2016 to September 2018, 48 cases of reflex sensory dystrophy syndrome of the wrist were divided into the observation group and the control group. In the observation group, there were 24 cases, including 10 males and 14 females, ranging in age from 54 to 76 years old, with an average age of (61.41 ±7.90) years old. The patients in the observation group were treated with massage combined with electroacupuncture. The control group consisted of 24 patients, including 9 males and 15 females, ranging in age from 52 to 75 years old, with an averageage of (58.71±8.11 ) years old. The patients in the control group were treated with electroacupuncture alone. All the patients in both groups were treated for 6 weeks. The clinical symptoms and signs, visual anglogue scale (VAS), Cooney wrist score and clinical efficacy evaluation were compared between the two groups before and after treatment, and statistical analysis was conducted.@*RESULTS@#After 6 weeks of treatment, VAS in the control group was 4.9±1.8, and Cooney wrist score was 74.63±1.72; VAS in the observation group was 2.2±1.4, and Cooney wrist score was 86.31±2.53. The comprehensive scores of VAS and Cooney wrist joint between two groups were improved after treatment, and the observation group was better than control group(<0.05). The curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group.@*CONCLUSION@#Zheng's massage combined with electroacupuncture has the following advantages in the treatment of reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome of the wrist, such as small trauma, patients' willingness promoting functional rehabilitation, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Breast hamartoma: Ultrasound, elastosonographic, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound features

Aims: To present the ultrasound (US), shear-wave elastography (SWE), and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) features of breast hamartomas. Subjects and Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we included 36 breast hamartomas of 36 female patients who had been scheduled for US-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) or surgical excision between May 2013 and October 2016. In the 36 patients, US, CEUS, and SWE were performed, and the pathology results from surgical or VAB were obtained. The US, SWE, and CEUS features of the lesions were analyzed. Results: All breast hamartomas had an oval-shaped and a circumscribed margin. Of the 36 hamartomas, 30 (83.3%) had heterogeneous echogenicity and 28 (77.8%) displayed no changes in posterior echogenicity. There were no significant differences in the maximum, mean, and minimum elasticity between the hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.885, 0.683, and 0.451, respectively). All hamartomas appeared with a clear edge on CEUS, and none showed lesion diameter expansion after the injection of contrast. Compared with the peripheral parenchyma, 10 hamartomas (27.8%) showed rapid perfusion mode, 23 (63.9%) showed equal perfusion mode, 24 (66.7%) showed equal enhancement, and 9 (25.0%) showed hyperenhancement. The mean peak intensity and area under the curve of hamartomas were significantly higher than those of peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.013 and P = 0.011, respectively). The peak time and increasing-start time were not significantly different between hamartomas and peripheral parenchyma (P = 0.321 and P = 0.215, respectively). Conclusions: Hamartomas have typical features on US, SWE, and CEUS. Applying multiple ultrasound techniques would be helpful for their diagnosis

A piglet model of pulmonary vein stenosis / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    Pulmonary vein banding was used to establish a piglet model of pulmonary vein stenosis. We investigated the pathomorphological alterations of pulmonary veins in the model and compared it with the vascular tissue of recurrent stenosis after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods    Ten pigs of 6 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: 5 in a sham operation group and 5 in a pulmonary vein banding group. The operation had two stages, in which thoracotomies through intercostal space were done respectively on both sides. Biocompatible materials were applied around the pulmonary veins in the experimental group. The same method was used in the sham group. But the pulmonary veins were not banded. Six weeks after the operation, the pulmonary veins of the animals were harvested for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining to observe the pathological alterations of pulmonary veins. The proliferative tissues of patients with recurrent stenosis after TAPVC repair were collected and observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence staining. Results    Both the sham operation group and the pulmonary vein banding group survived. But the pulmonary vein banding group had obvious clinical manifestations of pulmonary venous stenosis. Compared with the sham group, the pulmonary vein banding group showed intimal hyperplasia, decreased expression of endothelial marker and increased expression of mesenchymal markers, and co-expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers in intimal cells. Human pathology also showed intimal hyperplasia and co-expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers in intimal cells. Conclusion    The surgical pulmonary vein stenosis in piglets shows intimal hyperplasia and myofibroblasts, which was consistent with clinical pathology.

Impact of chronic hypoxia on white matter and brain development in neonatal rat model / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To study the impact of chronic hypoxia on white matter (WM) injury and brain development delay using a neonatal rat model, and to explore its value in simulating chronic hypoxic brain damage in cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods Three-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly distributed to an experiment group (n=36, FiO2 10.5%±1.0%) and a control group (n=36, FiO2 21.0%±0.0%) and were raised for 12 days. (1) Body weight of SD rats was recorded every day and fresh brain weight was measured on P14. (2) H&E staining was performed on sections of brain tissue to observe pathological changes and ventricular size. (3) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was applied to reveal alterations of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPC), preoligodendrocytes (PreOL) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in brain WM area. (4) Protein was extracted from 50 mg of brain tissue in WM area and expression of MBP was determined using Western blotting. (5) Motor function and coordination of rats (P30) were assessed via rotation experiment. Results (1) Body weight and brain weight were significantly less in the experiment group compared with the control group on P14 (body weight 14.92±1.26 gvs. 30.26±1.81 g, t=7.51, P<0.01; brain weight 0.68± 0.05 gvs.0.97±0.04 g, t=13.26, P<0.01); (2) HE staining: Sections of brain tissue from the experiment group showed ventricular size enlargement with a statistical difference (P<0.01), disordered cell organization, local neuronal death and leukomalacia. (3) The number of OPC and PreOL in the experiment group were significantly less than those in the control group (64.8±6.3vs. 126.2±8.4, t=11.19, P<0.01; 19.1±7.6vs. 46.7±9.5, t=7.28, P<0.01, respectively). MBP distribution was sparse and disorganized in the experiment group. (4) Western blotting: Expression of MBP was less in the experiment group (P<0.01). (5) Behavioral test: Time on rotarod was less in the experiment group with a statistical difference (P<0.01). Conclusion Chronic hypoxia can result in WM injury and brain development delay in neonatal rats, with features comparable to those seen in infants with cyanotic CHD.

Genome-wide Analysis of LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES Domain) Gene Family in Brassica rapa

ABSTRACT LOB (lateral organ boundaries)-domain proteins define a family of plant-specific transcription factors involved in developmental process from embryogenesis to seed production. They play a crucial role in shaping the plant architecture through coordinating cell fate at meristem to organ boundaries. Identification of LBD genes from Brassica rapa genome, and analysis of phylogeny，gene structure, chromosome location, phylogenetic and tissue expression pattern analysis of LBD family genes in Chinese cabbage will be useful to the functions identification of plant LBD genes. Based on Brassica rapa genome database and bioinformatic method, Chinese cabbage LBD family genes were identified and the genes were sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was created using the MEGA5 program. Gene structure and chromosomes location were done by MapDraw, GSDS and Clustal X. Expression pattern of LBD genes at different development stages was analyzed based on RNA-seq. A total of 62 LBD genes were identified and could be classified into two classes and four subclasses according to the gene structure and conserved domain phylogeny relationship. Distribution mapping showed that the predicted LBDs were unevenly localized on all the 10 chromosomes, suggesting that they have an extensive distribution on the Brassica rapa chromosomes. Most of the LBD genes had differential expression pattern and showed highly diverse tissue-specific expression and functional diversity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a genome wide analysis of the Brassica rapa LBD gene family, which would provide valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the gene family.

Treatment of hypermyoglobinemia after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: a cohort study on 60 patients / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:For cancer patients who underwent extensive surgery, drastic release of myoglobin (Mb) after surgery can cause hypermyoglobinemia and related problems. This retrospective cohort study aims to summarize our experience and outcomes of 60 pa-tients with hypermyoglobinemia after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), to investi-gate the changes in postoperative Mb levels, and to explore the clinical value of Mb. Methods:This retrospective study covered 60 pa-tients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who were treated with CRS and HIPEC. All patients developed hypermyoglobinemia after opera-tion. Immediately after CRS and HIPEC, the patients were placed in a comprehensive treatment regimen consisting of hemodynamic stabilization therapies, nutritional support, anti-sepsis therapies, and psycho-physical therapies. For the treatment of hypermyoglo-binemia, intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate solution according to the Mb level was given to the patients. Moreover, the pre-and post-operative concentrations of Mb, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were evaluated. Results:Serum Mb levels af-ter CRS and HIPEC were significantly elevated and peaked on the surgery day. Prompt treatment with intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution could help decrease the serum Mb levels and alleviate potential damage. Serum Mb levels returned to normal in approximately 3-4 days. The serum BUN levels increased after operation and peaked on the fourth postoperative day. On the other hand, serum Cr levels increased 2 days after operation and began to decrease on the third postoperative day. One patient developed renal failure and sepsis and died on postoperative day 26. The other patients recovered from the surgery without major adverse events. Conclusion:Hypermyoglobinemia is a common lab abnormality after CRS and HIPEC, and serum Mb levels could be an early and sensitive indicator for dramatic disturbances in the internal milieu after surgery. Adequate treatment with sodium bicarbonate could accelerate the reduction in serum Mb levels and reduce the risk for major organ damages.

Treatment of hypermyoglobinemia after cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis: a cohort study on 60 patients / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:For cancer patients who underwent extensive surgery, drastic release of myoglobin (Mb) after surgery can cause hypermyoglobinemia and related problems. This retrospective cohort study aims to summarize our experience and outcomes of 60 pa-tients with hypermyoglobinemia after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), to investi-gate the changes in postoperative Mb levels, and to explore the clinical value of Mb. Methods:This retrospective study covered 60 pa-tients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who were treated with CRS and HIPEC. All patients developed hypermyoglobinemia after opera-tion. Immediately after CRS and HIPEC, the patients were placed in a comprehensive treatment regimen consisting of hemodynamic stabilization therapies, nutritional support, anti-sepsis therapies, and psycho-physical therapies. For the treatment of hypermyoglo-binemia, intravenous injection of sodium bicarbonate solution according to the Mb level was given to the patients. Moreover, the pre-and post-operative concentrations of Mb, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were evaluated. Results:Serum Mb levels af-ter CRS and HIPEC were significantly elevated and peaked on the surgery day. Prompt treatment with intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution could help decrease the serum Mb levels and alleviate potential damage. Serum Mb levels returned to normal in approximately 3-4 days. The serum BUN levels increased after operation and peaked on the fourth postoperative day. On the other hand, serum Cr levels increased 2 days after operation and began to decrease on the third postoperative day. One patient developed renal failure and sepsis and died on postoperative day 26. The other patients recovered from the surgery without major adverse events. Conclusion:Hypermyoglobinemia is a common lab abnormality after CRS and HIPEC, and serum Mb levels could be an early and sensitive indicator for dramatic disturbances in the internal milieu after surgery. Adequate treatment with sodium bicarbonate could accelerate the reduction in serum Mb levels and reduce the risk for major organ damages.

LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrine-immune abnormalities in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW- AFC, a new formula of the main active components extracted from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) in mouse models. METHODS After treatment LW- AFC, mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments. Neuron loss, amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition, and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining, immunofluorescence, and an AlphaLISA assay, respectively. Multiplex bead analysis, a radioimmunoassay, immunochemiluminometry, and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels. Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice, including the impairment of object recognition memory, spatial learning and memory, and active and passive avoidance. In addition, LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus, suppressed Αβ deposition in the brain, and reduced the concentration of Aβ1- 42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice. LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle- stimulating hormone in the pituitary. Moreover, LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+T cells, and reduced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes, down- regulated interleukin(IL)- 1β, IL- 2, IL- 6, IL- 23, granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α and -β, and up-regulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic micevia the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantineor donepezil, which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Effects of LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on intestinal microbiome in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain, a mouse model of Alzheimer disease / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC, a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction, on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice, a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease (AD), and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability. METHODS Morris-water maze test, novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) was employed to investigate gut microbiota. RESULTS The treatment of LW- AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice, including spatial learning and memory ability, active avoidance response, and object recognition memory capability. Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. The treatment of LW- AFC altered 22 (16 increased and 6 decreased) OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them, 15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice. We further showed that there were 7 (3 negative and 4 positive correlation) OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities, at the order level, including Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, Desulfovibrionales, CW040, and two unclassified orders. LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice. CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.

The clinical characteristics and risk factors of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by cerebral hemorrhage / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To analyze the characteristics of clinical manifestations, risk factors, therapies and acute outcomes in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by cerebral hemorrhage. Methods Seventy-five patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were included in the study. According to the radiological findings on the brain image, patients were divided into two subgroups:cerebral hemorrhage group and non-hemorrhage group. The demo?graphic data, potential risk factors, clinical manifestations, radiological features, therapeutic strategies and acute out?comes were compared between two subgroups, and high risk factors were also analyzed. Results There were seventy-five patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in the present study. Twenty-eight patients of them (37.2%) had cerebral hemorrhage whereas the remaining forty-seven patients (62.7%) did not have cerebral hemorrhage. Pregnancy/puerperi?um were significantly higher in patients with cerebral hemorrhage (with vs without;28.6%vs. 6.4%, P=0.015), while in?fection was markedly higher in patients without cerebral hemorrhage (with vs without;7.1% vs. 29.8%, P=0.021). Head?ache (92.9% vs. 70.2%, P=0.021), unconsciousness (25.0% vs. 6.4%,P=0.034), seizures (53.6% vs. 19.1%, P=0.002) and motor deficits (35.7% vs. 12.8%, P=0.019) were more common in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, mul?tiple sinus involvement (1.4% vs. 44.7%, P=0.024) was significantly higher and the acute outcomes(mRS≥3: 46.4%vs.17.0%, P=0.006)were poorer in patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Binary Logistic analysis showed that pregnancy/pu?erperium (P=0.004) and multiple sinus involvement were positively, whereas infection was negatively correlated with cere?bral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage ( P=0.007;P=0.03). Conclusions Pregnancy/puerperium, headache, uncon?sciousness, seizures, motor deficits and multiple sinus involvement are more frequently in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and hemorrhage, and the acute outcomes are poorer in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis complicated by cerebral hemorrhage.