ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of Codonopsis Pilosula Polysaccharide (CPPS) on improving of the memory consolidation disorder induced by Cycloheximide and its possible mechanisms in mice. METHODS The mice was divided into five groups, as normal control group, cycloheximid model group, piracetam positive control group, CPPS 300 mg · kg- 1 group, and CPPS 150 mg·kg-1 group. The mice respectively were given saline, piracetam, and CPPS for 15 d. The memory consolidation disorder model in mice was established by ip. Cyclohexylamine, and orally administered CPPS(300 mg·kg-1 or 150 mg·kg-1) every day. Then experimental groups were subjected Morris Water Maze test. Western blotting analysis were used to analysis the expression of CaMKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways. RESULTS Morris water maze experiment showed that cyclohexylamine can cause memory consolidation disorder(P<0.01), and giving piracetam and CPPS (300 mg · kg- 1) can improve spatial memory impairment in mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). Western blotting experiment results show that compared with normal control group, CaMKⅡ and CREB contents of brain in model group mice had significant decreased(P<0.001); Compared with model group, CaMK Ⅱ and CREB contents of brain tissue in piracetam and CPPS groups increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001). CONCLUSION Cyclo?heximide can induce the memory consolidation disorder, and its effect in mice related to CaMK/CREB signaling pathways. CPPS can improved this memory disorder by influence CaMKⅡ/CREB signaling pathways.
ABSTRACT
Candida dubliniensis is an emerging pathogen capable of causing superficial as well as systemic infections. Due to its close similarity to C. albcians, conventional methods based on phenotypic traits are not always reliable in identification of C. dubliniensis. In this study, we developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay to identify and discriminate between the two closely related species. The D1/D2 region of 28S rDNA was amplified by PCR and enzymatically digested by ApaI and BsiEI respectively. PCR products of both species were digested into two fragments by ApaI, but those of other yeast species were undigested. BsiEI cut the PCR products of C. albicans into two fragments but not those of C. dubliniensis. Thus two species were differentiated. We evaluated 10 reference strains representing 10 yeast species, among which C. albicans and C. dubliniensis were successfully identified. A total of 56 phenotypically characterized clinical isolates (42 C. albicans isolates and 14 C. dubliniensis isolates) were also investigated for intra-species variability. All tested isolates produced identical RFLP patterns to their respective reference strains except one initially misidentified isolate. Our method offers a simple, rapid and reliable molecular method for the identification of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.