ABSTRACT
Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale - Second Edition (Y-BOCS-II). Method: A total of 86 adults with a primary diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), ranging in age from 15 to 78 years, participated in the study. Participants were administered the Y-BOCS-II by a trained clinician who also rated overall illness severity on two additional measures. Patients completed the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: Results indicated high internal consistency and fair 1-week test retest reliability. The Y-BOCS-II scales correlated strongly with clinician-rated obsessive-compulsive severity and modestly with self-reported obsessive-compulsive symptom frequency and distress. The relationship between Y-BOCS-II total score and depressive and anxiety symptoms was strong, which may reflect high rates of comorbid conditions in this sample or the linkage between obsessive-compulsive symptom severity and distress. Factor analysis demonstrated a two-factor structure consisting of obsession and compulsion factors, with interference due to obsessions cross-loading. Conclusions: Overall, these results support the use of the Y-BOCS-II among individuals from China. Future study by an independent group is necessary to replicate these findings, as well as investigate interrater reliability and treatment sensitivity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Psychometrics , Severity of Illness Index , China , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Language , Middle Aged , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychologyABSTRACT
The P85 regulatory subunit protein and gene expression and P110 catalylic subunit activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI-3K)were investigated in adipose tissue of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)in order to explore the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance(1R)of GDM.Samples from patients with GDM(n=50),and controls(n=50)were collected.Fasting insulin(FIN)was determined by radioimmunoassay.Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)was measured by oxidase assay.Western blot technique was used to detect the levels of PI-3K P85 subunit in adipose tissues of patients with GDM.The mRNA expression of PI-3K P85 subunit was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)method in the adipose tissue.PI-3K activity was examined by immunoprecipitation,thin-layer chromatography and gamma scintillation counting.The results were analyzed statistically.It was found that the levels of FPG,FIN and HOMA-IR in GDM group were significantly higher than those in control group(all P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the protein and gene expression of PI-3K P85 subunit between GDM group and control group(P>0.05).PI-3K activity was significantly decreased to 82.89% in GDM group as compared with control group(P<0.01)and negatively correlated with HOMA-IR(r=-0.75,P<0.01).It was concluded that PI-3K in GDM patients may be involved in the insulin signaling pathway,resulting in IR of GDM.