CT signs and clinicopathological features of peripheral cavitary lung adenocarcinoma with the largest diameter less than or equal to 3 cm / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the CT signs and clinicopathological features of peripheral cavitary lung adenocarcinoma with the largest diameter less than or equal to 3 cm. Methods     From January 2015 to December 2017, the CT signs and clinicopathological fertures of 51 patients with ≤3 cm peripheral cavitary lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed by chest CT and surgical pathology were retrospectively analyzed. Furthermore, CT signs and clinicopathological features of thick-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma and thin-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma were compared. There were 29 males and 22 females at age of 62 (56, 67) years. Results    There were 27 thick-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma and 24 thin-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma. Thick-walled cavitary adenocarcinoma had greater SUVmax [6.5 (3.7, 9.7) vs. 2.2 (1.4, 3.8), P=0.019], larger cavity wall thickness (11.8±4.6 mm vs. 7.6±3.7 mm, P=0.001), larger tumor tissue size [2.1 (1.7, 2.8) cm vs. 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) cm, P=0.006], and more solid nodules (17 patients vs. 8 patients, P=0.035). Thin-walled cavitary adenocarcinoma had more smoking history (12 patients vs. 6 patients, P=0.038), larger cavity size [12.3 (9.2, 16.6) mm vs. 4.4 (2.8, 7.1) mm, P=0.000], and larger proportion of cavities [0.30 (0.19, 0.37) vs. 0.03 (0.01, 0.09), P=0.000]. On CT signs, there were more features of irregular inner wall (19 patients vs. 6 patients, P=0.000), intra-cystic separation (16 patients vs. 6 patients, P=0.001) and vessels through the cystic cavity (10 patients vs. 1 patient, P=0.001) in thin-walled caviraty lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion    Peripheral cavitary lung adenocarcinoma of ≤3 cm on chest CT has characteristic manifestations in clinical, imaging and pathology, and there is a statistical difference between thick-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma and thin-walled cavitary lung adenocarcinoma.

CT and clinicopathological features of thin-walled cystic lung cancer with the largest diameter less than or equal to 3 cm / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To investigate the CT features and clinicopathological features of thin-walled cystic lung cancer with the largest diameter less than or equal to 3 cm. Methods    The CT features and clinicopathological data of 26 thin-walled cystic lung cancer patients diagnosed by chest CT and surgical or puncture pathology were retrospectively analyzed. There were 16 males and 10 females, with an average age of 62 years. Results    The lesions were distributed in different pulmonary lobes, all of which were peripheral. The maximum diameter of lesion was 21.4 mm on average, and the maximum diameter of cyst was 12.9 mm on average. Among them, there were 19 patients of lobulation sign, 18 patients of spicule sign, 16 patients of pleural indentation, 9 patients of vascular convergence sign, 7 patients of bronchus sign, 21 patients of irregular inner wall, 26 patients of uneven thickening of cystic wall, 18 patients of intra-cystic separation, and 10 patients of vessels through the cystic cavity. The pathological types were all adenocarcinoma and 24 patients were invasive adenocarcinoma. Conclusion    All patients were peripheral adenocarcinoma. CT not only shows the common typical signs of lung cancer, but also has the characteristic fertures of irregular inner wall, intra-cystic separation and vessels through the cystic cavity.

Combined detection of tumor suppressor gene methylation and early diagnosis of lung cancer / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the world and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Due to the lack of effective early diagnosis methods, the prognosis of lung cancer is poor, but compared with advanced lung cancer, the survival rate of early lung cancer is greatly improved. Therefore, early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial. As a major epigenetic modification, DNA methylation plays an important role in the development of lung cancer. A large number of studies have shown that detection of tumor suppressor gene methylation is an ideal early diagnosis method for lung cancer. With the continuous improvement of detection technology, methylation detection of multiple genes can be achieved. And it is found that multi-gene methylation combined detection of tissue samples obtained by minimally invasive operation such as puncture of diseased tissue and puncture of lymph node tissue, as well as the noninvasive samples such as peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum have higher detection rate and higher sensitivity and specificity than single gene methylation. It is an ideal method for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

Efficacy of solution form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on removing smear layer of root canal at different exposure time In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of solution form of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on removing smear layer of root canals at different exposure time periods and to provide scientific basis for EDTA as a choice of root canal irrigation in clinical practice. Twenty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A) was given 2.5% NaOCl, and 4 experimental groups were given 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, including groups B, C, D and E with exposure time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were split along their longitudinal axis, and the root sections were examined under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of smear layer removal and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls. The specimens in group B showed presence of smear layer on the walls of the root canal with no statistical difference from that in group A (P>0.05). In groups C and D, partial removal of smear layer was obtained, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in removal of smear layer between group C and group B (P<0.05). Root canal walls in group E specimens showed almost complete removal of smear layer, and the removal of smear layer was significantly different from that in group D (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal for each sample. It was concluded that combined irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl could remove the smear layer with no significant alteration in dentinal structure when the chelating agent was applied for 7 min. At 3 and 5 min of application, partial removal of smear layer was observed and at 1 min negligible removal of smear layer was achieved.

Efficacy of solution form of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on removing smear layer of root canal at different exposure time In Vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of solution form of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on removing smear layer of root canals at different exposure time periods and to provide scientific basis for EDTA as a choice of root canal irrigation in clinical practice. Twenty-five single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group (group A) was given 2.5% NaOCl, and 4 experimental groups were given 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA, including groups B, C, D and E with exposure time of 1, 3, 5 and 7 min, respectively. After preparation of the root canals, the teeth were split along their longitudinal axis, and the root sections were examined under scanning electron microscope for evaluation of smear layer removal and erosion on the surface of the root canal walls. The specimens in group B showed presence of smear layer on the walls of the root canal with no statistical difference from that in group A (P>0.05). In groups C and D, partial removal of smear layer was obtained, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in removal of smear layer between group C and group B (P<0.05). Root canal walls in group E specimens showed almost complete removal of smear layer, and the removal of smear layer was significantly different from that in group D (P<0.01). There was no significant change in the structure of the surface of root canal for each sample. It was concluded that combined irrigation with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl could remove the smear layer with no significant alteration in dentinal structure when the chelating agent was applied for 7 min. At 3 and 5 min of application, partial removal of smear layer was observed and at 1 min negligible removal of smear layer was achieved.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis of prosthesis stress variation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Based on variational principle and weighting technology of three-dimensional finite element method, human teeth with a complex morphology can be modeled, which helps to understand the stress distribution of dental hard tissue and prosthesis during the dynamic repair process. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the three-dimensional finite element studies concerning biomechanics of dental prostheses, focusing on the effects of metal crown, porcelain thickness, root canal preparation and fil ing on the tooth stress. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed (1993-04/2012-09), China Academic Journal Network Publishing Database (2001-2008), and VIP (2001-2008) was performed by the first author to retrieve articles concerning the effects of metal crown, porcelain thickness, root canal preparation and fil ing on the tooth stress. The keywords were“porcelain-fused-to-metal, finite element method, stress analysis, root canal”in English and Chinese. Articles with repetitive contents or meta-analysis were ruled out. Then 40 articles were suitable for further analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Finite element method has important significance to establish high-fidelity and high-accuracy models in oral medicine, thereby providing effective biomechanical information for the root canal treatment and post-treatment repair. Scholars continue to explore the stress distribution of dental prostheses during chewing. This review summarizes the stress changes of post and core crowns, supporting reference for further research. Three-dimensional finite element method can be used to build nonlinear three-dimensional finite element models with anisotropic biomechanical characteristics, and can gradual yimprove the transition from static analysis to a dynamic analysis, truly achieving accurate simulation of oral biology and dental morphology as wel as chewing function of the teeth.

Herbal medicine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis [UC] is a refractory, chronic, and nonspecific disease occurred usually in the rectum and the entire colon. The etiopathology is probably related to dysregulation of the mucosal immune response toward the resident bacterial flora together with genetic and environmental factors. Several types of medications are used to control the inflammation or reduce symptoms. Herbal medicine includes a wide range of practices and therapies outside the realms of conventional Western medicine. However, there are limited controlled evidences indicating the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines, such as aloe vera gel, wheat grass juice, Boswellia serrata, and bovine colostrum enemas in the treatment of UC. Although herbal medicines are not devoid of risk, they could still be safer than synthetic drugs. The potential benefits of herbal medicine could lie in their high acceptance by patients, efficacy, relative safety, and relatively low cost. Patients worldwide seem to have adopted herbal medicine in a major way, and the efficacy of herbal medicine has been tested in hundreds of clinical trials in the management of UC. The evidences on herbal medicine are incomplete, complex, and confusing, and certainly associated with both risks and benefits. There is a need for further controlled clinical trials of the potential efficacy of herbal medicine approaches in the treatment of UC, together with enhanced legislation to maximize their quality and safety

Identification of SSR markers using soybean (Glycine max) ESTs from globular stage embryos

Microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSRs), in expressed sequence tags (ESTs) provide an opportunity for low cost SSR development. We looked for EST-SSRs in 403,511 ESTs (generated by 454 sequencing and representing 70,654 contigs and 52,082 singletons) from soybean globular stage embryos. Among 122,736 unique ESTs, 3,729 contained one or more SSRs. In total, 3,989 SSRs were identified including 304 mono, 1,374 di, 2,208 tri, 70 tetra, 13 penta and 20 hexanucleotide SSRs. Thirty three EST-SSRs were selected for primer design and polymorphism analysis using twenty soybean cultivars and one wild-type soybean. Successful amplification was obtained using 21 of these primer pairs, 11 of which detected polymorphisms in these soybean cultivars. These results demonstrated that 454 high throughput sequencing is a powerful tool for molecular marker development. From the 3,989 identified SSRs we expect to obtain a large number of makers with polymorphism among different soybean cultivars, which would be useful for analysis of genetic diversity and maker assisted selection in the soybean breeding programs.