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Objective To discuss the correlation between initial malar reduction procedures and the method of revision procedures and the personalized treatment strategies for the second deformity of postoperative prominent malar complex.Methods From January 2003 to December 2017,27 patients underwent personalized revision surgery of malar reduction according to the different second deformity of malar complex.The surgical technique included the double support malar reduction technique,orthotopic malar osteotomy technique,malar bone grinding surgery,and autogenous bone transplantation.Results A total of 27 patients subjected to revision surgery for malar reduction between November 2006 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.22 patients were satisfied with aesthetic outcomes after the first revision procedure,while 5 patients were satisfied after 2 or 3 procedures follow-up for 10 to 12 months.Conclusions The incidence of complications after malar reduction is related to the first surgical method.According to the unsatisfactory results,it can be repaired individually to obtain a better clinical repair effect.
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Objective@#To present a new method for correction of prominent malar complex via intraoral approach by double support technique osteotomy which can provide a stable support.@*Methods@#According to the anatomical characteristics of malar complex and relevant masseter muscle, we designed a malar reduction technique including anterior and posterior support. The reduction procedure entailed an L-shaped osteotomy ofthemalarbody and oblique osteotomy of malar arch. On the basis of prominence degree, bone fragment was moved inward and upward to form double support, which could reduce malar and zygomatic arch effectively.@*Results@#A total of 76 patients subjected to double support technique for malar reduction between January 2015 and January 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 12 months. All patients were satisfied with aesthetic outcomes without major complications, such as facial nerve damage or bone ununion.@*Conclusions@#Double support technique is an effective method to correct malar prominence andreduce the zygomatic complex which can prevent saggy cheek and bony malunion.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human lung carcinoma SPC-A1 cells and the underlying mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of VPA on the proliferation of SPC-A1 cells was evaluated by MTT assay and clone formation assay. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cells exposed to VPA. The changes in the expressions of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, caspase-9, and caspase-3 in the exposed cells were detected by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Incubation with VPA for 48 h resulted in a significant inhibition of SPC-A1 cell proliferation, with a IC(50) of 1.8 mmol/L. VPA treatment also inhibited cell colony formation and induced obvious cell apoptosis. Exposure to 8 mmol/L VPA for 48 h caused a percentage of early apoptotic cells of 60.44%. VPA treatment at different concentrations for 48 h obviously lowered the protein levels of Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 and induced caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation in SPC-A1 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VPA can inhibit the proliferation of SPC-A1 cells by triggering mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis.</p>