ABSTRACT
Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC).The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN),the precursors of CRC.Based on the the latest national guideline,the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN,and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors,risk prediction model,screening strategy optimization,colonoscopy quality control,sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.
ABSTRACT
Screening has been proven to be effective for the control of colorectal cancer (CRC).The target of CRC screening is shifting from CRC to colorectal neoplasia (CN),the precursors of CRC.Based on the the latest national guideline,the Consensus of Screening for CRC and CN,and the recent research of precursors both at home and abroad.This paper summarizes the progress in the research of risk factors,risk prediction model,screening strategy optimization,colonoscopy quality control,sessile serrated adenoma identification and follow up as well as the recognition of precursors.
ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem with a high mortality and case fatality, and multiplies the risk for complications of cardiovascular disease and huge medical costs. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is effective in preventing and treating CKD with less adverse, however there are a lot of questions that we don't know well. Strategies and approaches of the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in preventing and treating CKD are: (1) enhance the study of optimized scheme for single entity; (2) accelerate the step of new drug exploitation; (3) augment the study of action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating CKD; (4) strengthen the study of the mechanism of Chinese crude drug which is poisonous to kidney and its prevention and cure; (5) utilize the systems biology to study the essence of kidney; (6) establish a guideline for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in prevention and treatment of CKD; (7) preach up the general knowledge of CKD, pay attention to mass screening and early prevention of CKD. It is expected to improve diagnosis and treatment of CKD with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine by carrying out these strategies and methods mentioned above.
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AIM: To evaluate the pulmonary function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in order to identify whether the lung is a target organ of chronic pathologic changes in diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Pulmonary ventilation function and diffusion capacity were studied in 107 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 61 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), urine albumin excretion rate (AER), fundus examination and nerve conduction velocity were included as parameters of glycemic control and diabetic microangiopathies. RESULTS: Pulmonary ventilation function was similar in type 2 diabetic group and the control. Compared with the control, carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) and DLCO corrected by alveolar volume (DLCO/VA) were significantly lower in type 2 diabetic group (P<0.05). DLCO and DLCO/VA were inversely correlated with microangiopathy score (r: -0.291, -0.324, respectively, P<0.01). Furthermore, DLCO/VA was negatively correlated with age and duration of diabetes mellitus (r: -0.269, -0.236, respectively, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary ventilation function is normal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but their diffusion capacity is impaired. It suggests that the lung may also be the target organ of the chronic pathologic changes of diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify valid measures for preventing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among protected healthcare workers in isolation units.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Architectural factors, admitted SARS cases and infection of healthcare workers in different isolation wards between January 30 and March 30, 2003 were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four types of isolation wards were analyzed, including the ward where the thirty-first bed was located on the twelfth floor, the laminar flow ward in the Intensive Care Unit where the tenth bed was located on the fifteenth floor, the ward where the twenty-seventh bed was located on the thirteenth floor of the Lingnan Building, and thirty wards on the fourteenth to eighteenth floors of the Zhongshan Building. The ratios (m(2)/m(3)) of the area of the ventilation windows to the volume of the rooms were 0, 0, 1:95 and 1:40, respectively. Numbers of SARS cases in the wards mentioned above were 1, 1, 1 and 96, respectively. Total times of hospitalization were 43, 168, 110 and 1272 hours, respectively. The infection rates of the healthcare workers in the areas mentioned above were 73.2%, 32.1%, 27.5% and 1.7%, respectively. The difference in the infection rates was of statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Isolating SARS cases in wards with good ventilation could reduce the viral load of the ward and might be the key to preventing outbreaks of SARS among healthcare workers along with strict personal protection measures in isolation units.</p>