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Objective To perform a visual bibliometric analysis of hot spots as well as areas of Brucella disease research by searching brucellosis related literature. Methods A thematic search was conducted in the web of science core set database using Brucella disease or brucellosis as keywords to retrieve literature between January 1985 and December 2021. CiteSpace was used to visualize the countries, institutions, authors, and keywords in the retrieved relevant literatures. Results A total of 4 495 eligible articles studies were included, with the United States being the most populous country and the University of Sao Paulo being the most influential. Jilin University and Shihezi University in Xinjiang, China were relatively influential in this field. For the key words analysis, the top 3 of high-frequency words were infection, diagnosis, abortion, and in the 12 clusters formed, the clusters formed by #1, #4 were larger and the research hotspot continued. Keywords in the last five years including human brucellosis, immunity, zoonotic disease, were highlighted. Conclusion Study analysis suggested that human brucellosis with zoonosis was a research hotspot, more scholars focused on the infectious route and other exposure risks of cattle as intermediate hosts, epidemiological studies on brucellosis or will be new trends.
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Objective To discuss the system and classification of military pharmacy disciplines. Methods Based on the analysis and induction of the military pharmacy subject positioning, classification status, classification ideas and classification methods, the military pharmacy subject system is described with system analysis and system structured approach. Results The military pharmacy disciplinary system may be divided into four major categories: military pharmacy science, military pharmacy technology, military pharmacy engineering, and military pharmacy management, and several sub-categories. Conclusion Strengthening the research of military pharmacy disciplinary system will improve the disciplinary system classification, which will help improve the overall cognitive level of military pharmacy discipline and accelerate the development of military pharmacy disciplinary system.
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Objective To optimize the method of assay for silver sulfadiazine, and to investigate its stability in high temperature, humidity and salt environment. Methods Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column was used in HPLC for the determination of silver sulfadiazine with acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase.The flowing rate was 1.0 ml/min and column temperature was 30℃. Salt spray test chamber was used to simulate the high temperature, humidity and salt environment. The silver sulfadiazine content was assayed at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 weeks. Results The calibration curve was linear within the range of 4.00～20.00 μg/ml (r=0.9999). The average recovery was 101.47% (RSD=2.33%). The content of silver sulfadiazine cream began to decrease significantly after 4 weeks. Conclusion This method is convenient, accurate and reliable. It can be used for the content determination of silver sulfadiazine in the cream.The results showed that the silver sulfadiazine cream was unstable in the environment of high temperature, humidity and salt. Therefore, environmental impact should be fully considered in transportation, storage and application. For the long-distance navigation mission, protective measures should be taken for its packaging or replace it with more stable products.
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Objective To understand the development status in the subject of pharmacy and provide recommendations for the construction of universities and the development of pharmacy by the bibliometric analysis of pharmaceutical papers from Double First-rate universities in China. Methods China National Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang and VIP databases were searched for Chinese literature, and Scopus database was searched for English literature. Duplicates and non-research literatures were deleted. 12 028 literatures were included. Excel 2016 software was used for statistical analysis. Results From 2014 to 2019, the total number of papers published by Double First-rate universities increased year by year, with the highest increase rate of 14%. From 2014 to 2020, 11 178 papers were published in international journals, while only 850 were published in domestic journals. Nearly 93% of pharmaceutical papers flowed to foreign journals. Peking Union Medical College published the most papers in international journals. Sun Yat-sen University published the most SCI papers. Peking University published the most papers in domestic journals, while Fudan University published the highest number of papers in Q1 area. Only a few papers published with international coauthors from colleges or universities. The cooperation works were limited in the same province or municipality directly under the central government. Conclusion Double First-rate universities should focus on strengthening international cooperation and inter-provincial cooperation, improving industry-university collaboration, and accelerating the transformation from scholar research to productions.
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In order to meet our country strategic needs of “The Belt and Road”, it was proposed to use the existing overseas warehouses from domestic companies as prepositioning locations. The situation and functionality were clarified. A comprehensive evaluation for the existing overseas warehouses in the Indian Ocean was conducted. The authors screened out several countries suitable for prepositioning medicinal supplies. Meanwhile, the potential problems were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the future research on overseas medicinal supplies.
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Objective In this study, we constructed a plasmid, specifically expressed SUMO protein, and to study the expression level of anti-SUMO antibody in the serum of patients with primary biliary cholangitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Connective tissue disease, sjogren′s syndrome which were typical of autoimmune diseases.And to investigate whether anti-SUMO antibodies can be used as specific serum markers of PBC.Methods Plasmids containing SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 fragments were prepared by PCR and ET cloning and introduced into E.coli for protein induction and purification, respectively.Dot blot was used to preliminarily screen anti-SUMO antibody-positive specimens from serum samples of PBC patients and were verified by western blot to obtain positive reference serum.Through the establishment of the optimal anti-SUMO antibody ELISA diagnostic system, the positive rates of three subtypes of anti-SUMO antibody in PBC, SLE, SS, RA and CTD were detected, and their differences were analyzed by chi-square test.ResultsThe anti-SUMO antibody label has a specificity of up to 99％in PBC and a sensitivity of around 86％.After chi-square test analysis, the positive detection rate of anti-SUMO antibody in PBC was higher than that of nonPBC autoimmune disease and healthy controls (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression of anti-SUMO antibody in other autoimmune disease populations (non-PBC autoimmune diseases) (P＞0.05).Conclusion The highly specific anti-SUMO antibody is expected to become a novel antibody for diagnosis of PBC, which is of great significance for improving the clinical diagnosis efficiency of PBC.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the trauma severity and the usage of antibacterial drugs and to provide reference for standard protocol of proper antibiotic use in wound care.Methods ICD-10 and AIS were used to set up the relationship and to analyze the use of antibiotics in patients with different trauma score.Results 25 035 trauma patients were enrolled in this study.Those patients were divided into five groups according to the AIS score with least severe as group 1 to most severe as group 5.The patient percentage in group 1 to 5 was 21.92％,67.73％,8.86％,0.97％ and 0.52％ respectively.The five most frequently used antibiotic classes are second generation cephalosporins,third generation cephalosporins,first generation cephalosporins,fluoroquinolones and penicillin/beta lactamase inhibitor combination, accounted for 29.69％,22.57％,20.33％,4.66％ and 4.47％ of total DDDs of antibacterial drugs.Individually, the top 10 antibiotics are cefuroxime (12.21％), cefazolin (8.31％), ceftriaxone (7.74％), cefathiamidine (7.34％), cefotiam (4.87％), ceftazidime (3.68％), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (3.63％), levofloxacin (3.59％), cefoxitin (3.56％), flucloxacillin (3.52％);gentamicin (2.27％), ornidazole (2.00％) and cefoperazone/tazobactam (1.44％) were used most in their categories respectively.The variety and quantity of antibacterial drugs used for different trauma patients were different.Conclusion The trauma score based on ICD-AIS can reflect the severity of trauma.The use of antibiotics in patients with different trauma score can provide reference for the clinical applications of antibiotics in wound care.
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Objective Risk management is one of the strong measurements to ensure the conduction of new drug research and development (R&D) projects .Therefore ,establishing a set of evaluation index system in the new drug R&D projects is of great significance to increase the project success rate .Methods By analyzing more than 20 new drug R&D projects of “the mil-itary science and technology major projects”in five years ,the risk factors were induced ,sorted and summed up ,and a set of e-valuation indicator was built up through Delphi method and experts interview .The quantitative study was completed through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method .Results According to the different stages of new drug R&D projects ,the risk assess-ment indictors and their weight were established .Conclusion These indicators are more objective and accurate which contrib-ute to the risk control in the process of new drug R&D projects .
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for further development of Internet drug transaction services in China. METH-ODS:The data of online drugstores with top 20 approvals data and sales amount were collected bu the Internet,the normative man-agement was evaluated. Meanwhile,questionnaire was conducted to survey and analyze the cognition,buying drugs and correspond-ing requirements of some Shanghai citizens for Internet drug retail. RESULTS:By Jun. 12,2015,totally 307 retail chain drug-stores(online drugstores)had got the License of Internet Drugs Transaction,only 62 online drugstores(20.2%)were in full compli-ance with the normative management;the top 19 online drugstores supplied averagely 1 072±815 OTC medicines,including 259± 165 chemical drugs and 813 ± 650 Chinese traditional medicines,and the top 3 were jianke.com (3 658 species),J1.com (2 071 species)and 360 kad.com(1 523 species). Totally 216 questionnaires were sent out,and 183 were effectively received with effec-tive recovery of 84.7%. The 183 surveyed citizens showed high cognition in distinguishing the authenticity of online drugstores (75.4%) and the authenticity of drugs (67.1%),but low cognition in online drugstore opening qualifications and Internet selling drugs;only 22.4% had the experience of buying drugs online,the degree of satisfaction towards online shopping,from the highest to the lowest,were drug price(62.5%),professional consultation of pharmacists(50.0%),variety of drugs(45.0%),quality of drugs(37.5%),delivery time(35.0%),etc.;the most probably purchased medicine category were vitamins and minerals(63.9%) and medicines for common diseases(40.4%). CONCLUSIONS:Currently the demands and confidence of online drugs shopping of Shanghai citizens are still scarce. Though the access of retailing prescription drugs would spur the Internet drug business,the condi-tion is still immature. It is suggested to sell prescription drugs in a limited way and improve their access threshold,promote Medi-care settlement to multi-faceted promote the orderly development of Internet drug transaction services.
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Objective To introduce the process and experience of construction of medical supplies support practice train-ing platform under informatization.Methods To review and comment the structure composition,functions implemented,ap-plications and experience of medical supplies support practice training platform.Results The medical supplies support practice training platform achieved four functions which are indoor deduction,simulation training,drill outdoor,participate in military health service exercise.Conclusion The medical supplies support practice training platform has achieved good effects in teach-ing and training,which has effectively promoted the teaching and training mode reform aimed at combat requirements.
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This review introduces the system, model, and method of the US ailitary medical logistic supply and support, analyzes the characteristics of the global sourcing and distribution, and highlights the information system development, cen-tral management, efficiency and effective improvement.By learning from the experience of the US Armed Forces, we can be helped to set up new systems and enhance the power of our military medical logistic support.
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Objective To investigate the practices and experience in the organization and implementation process of prac-tical training drill for medical supply support .Methods To review and comment on the overall design ideas ,specific steps , practical effect and experience of medical supply support in practical training drill .Results Through six years of exploration and practice , we established a training method of implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . Conclusion It is right and effective in the organization and implementation of practical training drill for medical supply support . It is necessary to continue improving the mode of organization and implementation with combination of practical teaching and re-search .
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Objective To investigate the psychological measurement index for the effectiveness and discrimination of drug packaging (color code) in the medicine for self-aid and mutual-aid .Methods The classical priming paradigm was used to inves-tigate whether there were influences on the recognition accuracy (ACC) and reaction time (RT) by memorizing the characteris-tics of three series of color code ,with a 2 (relevant or irrelevant priming )× 3 (color code categories) within subject experimen-tal design .Results ①The recognition (RT ) of the relevant-priming group was 1 387 .18 ms ,compared with the irrelevant-priming group 1 475 .12 ms .The independent two-sample t-test showed statistically significant difference between the relevant-priming and irrelevant-priming groups (t=2 .264 ,P=0 .02) .②The analysis of variance of factorial design showed a significant difference among the three series in the recognition (RT) (F=9 .945 ,P<0 .001) .The priming effect was significant in color code 1 and 3 ,while not significant in color code 2 .③The recognition (RT) in color code 2 was different by the judgment task :using directives< class-1 categorical attributes < class-2 categorical attributes ,consistent with the order of difficulty of the judgment task .The P value for the priming effect was 0 .03 ,0 .21 and 0 .7 in the judgment task for using directives ,class-1 cat-egorical attributes and class-2 categorical attributes .The priming effect was significant in using directives ,while not significant in class-1 categorical attributes and class-2 categorical attributes .Conclusion The priming effect of the characteristic of the color code is significant ,and the characteristic of the color code can promote the process of memorization of the medicine for self-aid and mutual-aid .
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To study the status and patterns of the drug utilization in the diseases of lower respiratory tract, the drug utilization for 290 inpatients with respiratory tract diseases in a Shanghai hospital druing 1993-1997 was analyzed by using Acute Physiology, Age, Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE) and index of defined daily dose numbers(DDDs). The relativity between APACHE and DDDs was studied. It was found that most common drugs was anti-infection agents and expectorants, accounting for 39.06% and 38.38 %, respectively. The quantitative relationship between drug consumption and disease severity was not observed. It is concluded that the status of the drug utilization can't be demonstrated by analyzing the frequency of drug use by using DDDs.
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OBJECTIVE： Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS： Applying meta－ analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone， cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION： Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost
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OBJECTIVE:Evaluating clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections METHODS:Applying meta-analysis to evaluation of clinical efficacy of ceftriaxone,cefotaxime and cefuroxime in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Ceftriaxone is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice because of its better efficacy and lower cost