ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the changes in gray matter volume in depressive-like mice and explore the possible mechanism.@*METHODS@#Twenty-four 6-week-old C57 mice were randomized equally into control group and model group, and the mice in the model group were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stimulation (CUMS) for 35 days. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed to examine structural changes of the grey matter volume in depressive-like mice. The expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the grey matter of the mice was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control mice, the mice with CUMS showed significantly decreased central walking distance in the open field test (P < 0.05) and increased immobile time in forced swimming test (P < 0.05). Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the volume of the frontal cortex was significantly decreased in CUMS mice (P < 0.001, when the mass level was greater than or equal to 10 756, the FDRc was corrected with P=0.05). Western blotting showed that the expression of mature BDNF in the frontal cortex was significantly decreased in CUMS mice (P < 0.05), and its expression began to decrease after the exposure to CUMS as shown by immunofluorescence staining. The volume of different clusters obtained by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis was correlated with the expression level of mature BDNF detected by Western blotting (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The decrease of frontal cortex volume after CUMS is related with the reduction of mature BDNF expression in the frontal cortex.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Blotting, Western , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor , Cerebral Cortex , Depression/physiopathology , Frontal Lobe/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the short-term economic effects of four kinds of premixed insulin in newly diagnosed type 2 dia-betes mellitus. Methods:A total of 120 newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into four groups according to the kind of premixed insulin, group A was treated with insulin aspart 30 injection, group B was treated with insulin lispro 25 injec-tion, group C was treated with isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin injection and group D was treated with protamine zinc re-combinant human insulin injection. The course of treatment was three months. The therapy efficacy was assessed by the remission rate in three months. The short-term economic effect was evaluated by the cost-minimization analysis method. Results:The remission rate of group A, B, C and D respectively was 48. 39%, 48. 28%, 51. 61% and 51. 72% without significant difference (P>0. 05). The average cost per person of the four groups was 1195. 52, 1202. 41, 1220. 69 and 1258. 84 yuan, and the average medicine cost per person was 750. 52, 689. 41, 754. 69 and 764. 34 yuan, respectively. There was no significant difference in cost among the four groups (P >0. 05). Conclusion:All the four kinds of premixed insulin can be used for the starting treatment with the similar total cost, and in relative terms, aspart 30 injection and insulin lispro 25 injection are better for the initial treatment of diabetes.
ABSTRACT
Treatment options are limited for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)since endocrinother-apy and targeted therapy that aims directly at human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)are ineffec-tive.As such,in addition to surgical treatment,the mainstay of treatment of TNBC is systemic cytotoxic chemo-therapy.The targeted therapy of TNBC is becoming a research hotspot because of traditional chemotherapy cura-tive effect is not good enough.A large number of clinical trials have found that patients with TNBC can get ben-efits from targeted molecular strategies including poly-adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophospheralase-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1 )inhibitor and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)inhibitor.