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The aquatic grass Zizania latifolia grows symbiotically with the fungus Ustilago esculenta producing swollen structures called Jiaobai, widely cultivated in China. A new disease of Z. latifolia was found in Zhejiang Province, China. Initial lesions appeared on the leaf sheaths or sometimes on the leaves near the leaf sheaths. The lesions extended along the axis of the leaf shoots and formed long brown to dark brown streaks from the leaf sheath to the leaf, causing sheath rot and death of entire leaves on young plants. The pathogen was isolated and identified as the bacterium Pantoea ananatis, based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, multilocus sequence analysis (atpD (β-subunit of ATP synthase F1), gyrB (DNA gyrase subunit B), infB (translation initiation factor 2), and rpoB (β-subunit of RNA polymerase) genes), and pathogenicity tests. Ultrastructural observations using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the bacterial cells colonized the vascular tissues in leaf sheaths, forming biofilms on the inner surface of vessel walls, and extended between vessel elements via the perforated plates. To achieve efficient detection and diagnosis of P. ananatis, species-specific primer pairs were designed and validated by testing closely related and unrelated species and diseased tissues of Z. latifolia. This is the first report of bacterial sheath rot disease of Z. latifolia caused by P. ananatis in China.
Subject(s)
Pantoea/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Poaceae/microbiology , VirulenceABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the current situation of general practitioners' occupational pressure in Heilongjiang Province, and explore its relationship with professional identity and perceived organizational support. It aims to provide references for the construction of general practitioners and the development of general medical education.Methods:The general situation questionnaire, perceived organizational support scale, occupational pressure scale, and professional identity scale were applied through network and site surveys for collecting data. A total of 288 questionnaires were collected with 263 valid questionnaires (91.3%). Pearson correction analysis and bootstrap analysis were performed for data analysis.Results:The average score of occupational pressure among general practitioners was (115.95±22.40), and the results of Pearson correction analysis showed that perceived organizational support was negatively correlated with occupational pressure ( r=-0.413, P<0.01) and positive correlation with professional identity ( r=0.587, P<0.01). There were also significant negative correlations between professional identity and occupational pressure ( r=-0.442, P<0.01). Moreover, the mediating effect showed that professional identity had a certain mediating effect on the relationship between perceived organizational support and occupational pressure (LLCI=-0.2039, ULCI=-0.0760, P<0.05). Conclusion:General practitioners' occupational pressure was at a high level, which can be reduced through improving the perceived organizational support and professional identity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the genetic cause for a child with developmental delay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The karotypes of the child and her parents were analyzed with G-banding analysis. Their genome DNA was analyzed with low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) and verified by single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The karyotype of the child was ascertained as 46,XX,r(15)(p13q26.3), while both parents showed a normal karyotype. CNV-seq and SNP-array have identified a de novo 15q26.2-q26.3 deletion in the child with a size of approximately 3.60 Mb.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The abnormal phenotype of the patient carrying the ring chromosome 15 may be attributed to the presence of the 15q26.2-q26.3 microdeletion. The deletion and haploinsufficiency of the IGF1R gene probably underlie the main clinical features of the patient.</p>
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Chromosome Banding , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 , Genetics , DNA Copy Number Variations , Karyotyping , Mosaicism , Ring Chromosomes , Sequence DeletionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the genetic cause of a female patient with severe mental retardation and a history of adverse pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The patient was subjected to G-banded chromosome analysis and single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP-array) assaying. The correlation between genomic variations and the phenotype was explored.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was found to have a complex chromosome rearrangement involving 5 chromosomes. The karyotypes of her parents were both normal. SNP-array assay has identified a 1.6 Mb microdeletion at chromosome 15q21.3 which involved 15 RefSeq genes and a 0.5 Mb microdeletion at 5q21.1 which involved one RefSeq gene.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The microdeletions, which involved TCF12, ADMA10 and AQP9 genes, probably underlie the mental retardation shown by the patient.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Chromosome Banding , Methods , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes , Genetics , Genetic Testing , Methods , Intellectual Disability , Genetics , KaryotypeABSTRACT
Objective To observe the function of Ac-SDKP on p-CREB,p-Smad2/3 signal and restraining silicotic fibrosis.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into:control group;silicosis group;Ac-SDKP post-treatment group;Ac-SDKP pre-treatment group.The morphology of lung tissue was observed by Van Gieson stain-ing.The expression of α-SMA,cAMP,PKA,p-CREB and p-Smad2/3 protein were assessed by Western blot.The colocalization of p-Smad2/3 and α-SMA were detected by immuno-fluorescence. Results In silicosis group,the deposition of collagen were visible in the fibrotic area,the expression of α-SMA and p-Smad2/3 increased signifi-cantly,and the expression of cAMP,PKA and p-CREB decreased significantly. After Ac-SDKP treatment,the expression of cAMP,PKA and p-CREB were significantly up-regulated,the expression of -SMA and p-Smad2/3 protein were significantly down-regulated,lung tissue damage and collagen deposition decreased. Conclusion By activating the signal of cAMP/PKA/p-CREB,Ac-SDKP was capable of restraining the expression of p-Smad2/3,so as to restrain silicotic fibrosis.
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AIM: To investigate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) disequilibrium in hyporeactivity and injury of aorta after tourniquet shock ( TS) by observing the changes of aortic contractile reactivity and RAS components after TS.METHODS:Male C57BL/6 mice (8 months old) were divided into 7 groups including control group and 6 mod-el groups.The mice in model groups were sacrificed at reperfusion of 10 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 12 h.The mice in control group were not subjected to tourniquet ligation .The Doppler flowmetry was used to determine the limb blood flow . The carotid artery catheter was applied to detect the blood pressure .The isolated vascular tension tester was available to measure the reactivity of the aorta .HE staining combined with transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate the morphology of injured aortas .The protein expression of AT 1 receptor , Mas receptor , ACE and ACE2 was measured by Western blot.The serum contents of Ang Ⅱand Ang (1-7) were detected by ELISA.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the blood flow in model groups decreased gradually with the prolongation of reperfusion time .The blood pressure in-creased at 10 min after reperfusion, and then decreased gradually.Accordingly, vascular reaction to norepinephrine (NE) in-creased at 10 min and then descended .The vascular reactivity reached the lowest level at 4 h.Morphological injury score in-creased gradually .Vascular AT1 receptor and ACE2 proteins were reduced , while Mas receptor and ACE proteins were up-regulated compared with control group .The content of AngⅡin the serum elevated, while the content of Ang (1-7) was re-duced.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of aortic reaction to NE increased temporarily in the early stage of shock and then decreased .It may be related to the morphological injury of aorta and the imbalance of RAS .
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Objective To establish a TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR ( real-time PCR) for the quantitative and rapid detection of viral reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and to evaluate its preliminary application. Methods A pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed ac-cording to the conserved sequence of SIVmac239 strain for real-time PCR amplification. A length of 2 090 bp of nucleotide fragment was digested from the plasmid p239SpSp5 containing 5′-end long segments of SIV-mac239 strain by restriction enzymes EcoRⅠand SpeⅠ. The standards used for quantitative detection of SIV DNA in peripheral blood samples were prepared by a 10-fold serial dilution and used for graphing the stand-ard curve. The numbers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) in rhesus monkeys during acute and chronic phases of SIVmac239 infection were determined and the virological characteristics of SIV DNA at different phages of infection were analyzed. Results A linear positive correlation between cycle threshold ( Ct) val-ues and concentrations (10 copies/μl to 109 copies/μl) of the standards was found. High levels of SIV DNA were monitored in SIV-infected monkeys 14 to 22 days after acute infection. The levels of SIV DNA in the acute phase of infection were about 1 to 2 logs higher than those in the chronic phase of infection. The num-bers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) were 1 log lower than the SIV viral load in peripheral blood of the same monkey. The ratios of SIV DNA load to SIV RNA load ( DNA/RNA) in chronic phase of infection were higher than those in the acute phase. Conclusion The established TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SIV DNA with an advantage of wide linear range. It could be used for the quantitative evaluation of latent reservoirs of SIV.
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Functional experiment plays an important role in basic theory and clinical practice. For training high-quality medical talents in medical colleges,many improvements have been made in the functional experiment teaching and certain effects have been obtained. But a comprehensive evalu-ation system was still needed. Clinical medical students of 2010 grade were taken as the appraisal objects. Assessment content,methods and standards were designed according to the basic requirements of functional experiment. Students were evaluated by ordinary performance,test papers and experiment competition. Practice showed that the system was of significant importance in improving the experi-mental teaching quality and developing students' practical ability and comprehensive quality.
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Objective To observe BQ123 on lung tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion of hind limbs in rats.Methods A total of 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control,I-R,and BQ123 groups,with 10 rats in each group. After 4- hour of ischemia and 4-hour of reperfusion to the hind limbs, ET-1 was measured by radioimmunoassay, levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialehyde (MDA) were examined by biochemical method,and the content of P-selectin was examined by ELISA. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of Fas,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 in lung tissues. Pulmonary apoptosis was examined by means of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL) . Results Compared with the control group,the levels of ET-1,MPO,MDA and P-selectin in lung tissues were all increased significantly in I-R group ( P<0. 01). The expressions of Fas,Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 were 0. 294±0. 003,0. 108±0. 005,and 0. 174±0. 003,significantly up-regulated in the I-R group. The apoptosis rate [(18. 83±2. 86)%] was significantly increased in the I-R group (P<0. 01). Compared with I-R group,the tissue contents of ET-1,MPO,MDA and P-selectin were significantly lowered in BQ123 group (P<0. 01). The expression levels of Fas (0. 115±0. 007) and Caspase-3 (0. 159±0. 006) were decreased,but the expression of Bcl-2 was increased (0. 128±0. 005). The apoptosis rate in BQ123 group was significantly lower [(10. 67±2. 16)%,P<0. 01].Conclusion BQ123 may have protective effects on lung tissue after limb ischemia-reperfusion in rats by means of improving neutrophil aggregation and reducing the expression of proteins related to cell apoptosis.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors associated with macrovascular disease in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. MethodsAccording to arterial intima-media thickness(IMT)measured by color duplex ultrasonography,232 cases of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were divided into two groups:one group were 95 cases with macrovascular disease(MD),and the other group were 137 cases without macrovascular disease (non-MD).Then various clinical data between the two groups were compared and the correlated risk factors for macrovascular disease were analyzed. Results (1)95 patients(40.9%)showed macrovascular disease in 232 patients.(2)Age,BMI,SI,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,TC,LDL-C,CRP and 24h UmAlb were significantly higher in MD group compared with those in non-MD group(all P＜0.05);But ISI was significantly lower in MD group compared with that in non-MD group(P＜0.05).(3)Pearson correlation analysis showed that risk factors were old age,BMI,smoking,higher systolic blood pressure,higher diastolic blood pressure,TC,LDL-C,CRP and microalbuminuria. ConclusionMacrovascular disease was related to many factors.It was important to control some risk factors earlier for preventing the happening and progress of macrovascular disease.