ABSTRACT
Hydromorphone(HM),appeared in the Chinese market in 2013 is a more potent opioid analgesic than morphine and is used for moderate to severe pain. Micro-invasive drug administration methods,including continuous infusion and patientcon?trolled analgesia(PCA),will provide hopes for controlling the outbreak of pain and improving patients' satisfaction. At present ,hydro?morphone is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of acute pain,chronic pain and cancer pain. However,we should also con?sider the stability and compatibility of hydromorphone in the implantable infusion system that is most commonly used in these patients. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical application and stability(changes in color,pH and concentration)of hydromor?phone in different infusion systems so as to provide the basis of rational clinical application.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction condition of volatile oil from five medicinal materials in Rutongxiaojie granules and to optimize the inclusion process of the extracted volatile oil. METHODS: The extraction condition was evaluated by orthogonal test with the recovery of volatile oil as indicator; and the inclusion condition was evaluated with the comprehensive scores of recovery ratio of inclusion compound, the content of volatile oil in inclusion compound and the utilization ratio of the volatile oil as criteria. RESULTS: The optimum extraction condition was established as follows: the medicinal materials were soaked in 10 times volume of water for 1hour and distilled for 9h by steam distillation. The optimum inclusion condition was as follows: the proportion of volatile oil to ?-CD was 1∶8; the inclusion temperature was 30℃ and including time was 20min. CONCLUSION: Both the extraction condition and the inclusion condition were reasonable and feasible.