Research progress of heat shock protein 90 in breast cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in the world. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a kind of molecular chaperone which can promote protein folding and maintain protein stability. HSP90 includes HSP90α, HSP90β, GRP94 and TRAP1 subtypes. Previous studies have found that the level of HSP90 is significantly increased in malignant tumors such as breast cancer, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Meanwhile, the research on inhibitors targeting HSP90 has also attracted much attention. In this paper, we reviewed the expression of four HSP90 subtypes in breast cancer and their relationship with the clinicopathologic feature and prognosis of patients, discussed the research progress of specific inhibitors of HSP90 subtypes in breast cancer, and analyzed the application prospect of HSP90 as biomarkers for breast cancer prognosis monitoring and therapeutic targets.

Evolution of competitive aerobics movements based on aesthetics / Evolução dos movimentos da aeróbica competitiva baseada na estética / Evolución de los movimientos aeróbicos de competición basada en la estética

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competitive aerobics is used mainly in the physical education of students in school period. In detriment of the physical value, the aesthetic factor is often neglected, and the analysis of the evolution of its movements can favor the development of this factor. Objective: Explore the evolution of competition aerobics movements based on the aesthetics of the movements. Methods: First, this paper discusses the scoring rules of competition aerobics over the years, using methods from the literature and image data. Next, athletes and coaches were asked to fill out and rate the weight score to analyze the value and scoring rules of competitive aerobics. Results: Aerobics in the competitive world has become increasingly mature, and the scoring rules have been more detailed and targeted. The most basic skills such as movement, strength, aesthetics, and more are the ongoing focus of scoring and specific training. Conclusion: Coaches and athletes must combine the evolution of current competitive aerobic movements, establishing a good foundation with precautions in synergy with the strengthening combination of basic training and scientific research. These are essential features for athletes to gain more scoring advantages in the competitive environment to improve their results in aerobic competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A aeróbica de competição é utilizada principalmente na educação física dos alunos em período escolar. Em detrimento do valor físico, o fator estético muitas vezes é negligenciado, e a análise da evolução de seus movimentos pode favorecer o desenvolvimento desse fator. Objetivo: Explorar a evolução dos movimentos da aeróbica de competição com base na estética dos movimentos. Métodos: Primeiramente, este artigo discute as regras de pontuação da aeróbica de competição ao longo dos anos, utilizando os métodos da literatura e dados de imagem. Em seguida, atletas e treinadores foram convidados para preencher e classificar o peso da pontuação, a fim de analisar o valor e as regras de pontuação da aeróbica competitiva. Resultados: A aeróbica no mundo competitivo tornou-se cada vez mais madura, e as regras de pontuação têm sido mais detalhadas e direcionadas. As habilidades mais básicas como movimentos, força, estética, entre outras, são o foco contínuo da pontuação e do treinamento específico. Conclusão: Treinadores e atletas devem combinar a evolução dos movimentos aeróbicos competitivos atuais, estabelecendo uma boa base com precauções em sinergia ao fortalecimento da combinação de treinamento básico e pesquisa científica. Essas são características essenciais para que os atletas possam obter mais vantagens de pontuação no meio competitivo, a fim de melhorar seus resultados nas competições de aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El aeróbic de competición se utiliza principalmente en la educación física de los alumnos en periodo escolar. En detrimento del valor físico, muchas veces se descuida el factor estético, y el análisis de la evolución de sus movimientos puede favorecer el desarrollo de este factor. Objetivo: Explorar la evolución de los movimientos del aeróbic de competición a partir de la estética de los movimientos. Métodos: En primer lugar, este artículo analiza las reglas de puntuación del aeróbic de competición a lo largo de los años, utilizando métodos bibliográficos y datos de imágenes. A continuación, se invitó a atletas y entrenadores a rellenar y puntuar el peso para analizar el valor y las reglas de puntuación del aeróbic de competición. Resultados: El aeróbic de competición ha madurado cada vez más, y las reglas de puntuación se han hecho más detalladas y específicas. Las habilidades más básicas como el movimiento, la fuerza, la estética, entre otras, son el foco continuo de la puntuación y del entrenamiento específico. Conclusión: Los entrenadores y los atletas deben combinar la evolución de los movimientos aeróbicos competitivos actuales, estableciendo una buena base con precauciones en sinergia con el fortalecimiento de la combinación del entrenamiento básico y la investigación científica. Estas son características esenciales para que los atletas obtengan más ventajas de puntuación en el ambiente competitivo para mejorar sus resultados en las competiciones aeróbicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The relevance of EZH2 polymorphism to breast cancer risk in Chinese females: results from a multicenter case-control study / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of Zeste homolog enhancer 2 (EZH2) gene and the risk of breast cancer.Methods:Recruiting 1 039 breast cancer patients and 1 040 controls at 22 referral hospitals nationwide in China, the genotype distribution of 3 SNPs loci of EZH2 genes was observed to detect the correlation between different genotypes and the risk of breast cancer genotypes EZH2 expression in breast cancer tissues and its correlation with patient prognosis were analyzed using breast cancer data from the database.Results:EZH2 rs6464926 CC genotype was compared with TT genotype (TT vs. CC: OR=1.362, 95% CI: 1.063-1.746, P=0.015) and dominant model (TC+TT vs .CC: OR=1.22, 95% CI: 1.004-1.483, P=0.045) .In women with BMI ≥24 kg/m 2, the TC genotype ( P=0.050), TT genotype ( P=0.025) and dominant model (TC+TT, P=0.021) of rs6464926 locus were significantly different from CC genotype in cancer risk. rs6464926 was correlated with EZH2 gene expression ( P=6.89E-47). EZH2 gene is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues, and patients with high expression were associated with shorter OS ( HR=1.27, P=0.013), DMFS ( HR=1.37, P<0.01), and RFS ( HR=1.44, P<0.01). Conclusions:The polymorphism rs6464926 of EZH2 gene is associated with breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women. rs6464926 might regulate breast cancer risk and prognosis by changing EZH2 expression.

Effects of thoracic X-ray irradiation on the spermatogenesis of adult male mice / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of thoracic X-ray irradiation on the spermatogenesis of adult male mice.Methods:A total of 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into radiation group (Radiation) and sham-radiation group (Sham), 12 mice in each group. The area of thoracic irradiation was 1.5 cm× 2 cm, and the dose rate was 3.04 Gy/min, 8 Gy/d for 3 consecutive days, 24 Gy in total. At 7 d and 21 d after thoracic irradiation, the bilateral testes and epididymal tails were stripped and the testicular index was calculated. The morphology of testis was examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, then the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium were measured. The sperms were collected from the bilateral epididymal tails for sperm counting. The level of apoptosis in testis and levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by TUNEL and Western blot, respectively.Results:Compared with Sham group, the morphology of testis and epididymis was seriously damaged, the diameter of seminiferous tubules significantly decreased at 21 d after irradiation ( t = 8.93, P < 0.05), and the seminiferous epithelium significantly decreased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = 4.24, 12.77, P < 0.05). In addition, the number of sperms significantly decreased ( t = 4.30, 2.98, P < 0.05). The number of TUNEL positive cells in the seminiferous epithelium significantly increased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = -2.73, -3.74, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein significantly increased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = -2.96, -2.46, P < 0.05). The concentrations of SCF and GDNF did not change at 7 d after irradiation, but were significantly increased at 21 d after irradiation ( t = -10.46, -5.42, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The thoracic X-ray irradiation could lead to spermatogenesis disorder in male adult mice, and the induction of spermatogenic cell apoptosis and the secretory dysfunction of sertoli cells may be involved.

The clinical features and survival analysis of 109 patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and risk factors for poor prognosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) .Methods:Patients who were diagnosed as NPSLE between January 2009 to January 2019 in Peking University First Hospital were included. Patients with neuro-psychiatric symptoms caused by other reasons such as infection and metabolic disorders were excluded. Patients were retrospectively followed up by telephone or medical records. Continuous variables were compared by student t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Quantitative variables were compared by chi-square test. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curve. Predictive factors of prognosis was estimated by using Cox regression analysis. Results:One hundred and nine NPSLE patients were included. Thirteen (11.9%) were male and 96 (88.1%) were female with a median age of 33 years old. Central nervous system involvement was predominant (89/109, 81.7%) . The most common types were headache, cerebrovascular disease and epilepsy. Cranial neuropathy was the most common type at the initial onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) , while cerebrovascular disease was more common when SLE relapsed. Patients who demonstrated NPSLE at the initiation of SLE had shorter survival time than those who got NPSLE when SLE relapsed [ (32±26) months vs (197±79) months, t=2.834, P=0.037]. Among the 105 patients with complete followed up data, the follow up time was 118.0 (1.4, 525.7) months and 53.1 (0.4, 363.0) months from the onset of SLE and NPSLE, respectively. The mortality rate was 14.3% (15/105) . The survival rates of 1-5 years were 96.2%, 94.3%, 91.0%, 89.9% and 88.3%, respectively. The survival time was (180±138) months and (33±32) months, t=3.861 , P<0.01) from the onset of SLE and NPSLE, respectively. The major causes of death were infection, NSPLE and cardiovascular disease. Cerebrovascular disease was the independent risk factor for death [ RR=3.413, 95% CI (1.049, 11.102) , P=0.041]. Conclusion:Cranial neuropathy is the most common type at the initial onset of SLE, while cerebrovascular disease is more common when SLE relapsed. Patients who had NPSLE at the initiation of SLE have shorter survival time than those who got NPSLE when SLE relapsed. Cerebrovascular disease is the independent risk factor of death of NPSLE patients.

The effect of X-ray on microglial M1 and M2 polarization / 中国辐射卫生

Objective@#To  investigate  the  effect  of  X-ray  on  the  polarization  of  mouse  microglia  BV-2  cells.@*Methods@#BV-2 cells at the logarithmic growth stage were randomly divided into the Sham irradiation group and 10 Gy irradiation group. The latter group was given a single X-ray irradiation at a dose of 1.28 Gy/min for 7 min 49 s. The activation rate of BV-2 cells was observed and analyzed under a microscope at 1, 3, 6, 24 h and 48 h after irradiation.The changes of cell morphology were observed by HE staining and immunofluorescence staining; The levels of M1-type activation markers (TNF-α and IL-1β) and M2-type activation marker TGF-β1 in the supernatant of BV-2 cells were detected by ELISA. The levels of polarization-related proteins of M1-type (CD86 and iNOS) and M2-type (CD206) in BV-2 cells were detected by Western blotting.@*Results　@#Morphological results showed that BV-2 cells became larger, and their protrude became coarse and shorter, showing "amoeba" like changes after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation. Compared with the Sham group, the activation rate of BV-2 cells was significantly increased at 3 h, and reached the peak at 6 h, and began to recover at 48 h after irradiation. ELISA results showed an obvious increase in the level of TNF-α and TGF-β1 48 h after irradiation.The level of IL-1β showed a transient decrease at 3～6 h, increased at 24 h, and reached the peak 48 h after irradiation. Western blotting results showed that CD86 protein level did not change significantly at each time points after irradiation, and iNOS protein level in- creased significantly at 1, 6, 24 h and 48 h after irradiation. A fluctuating change in CD206 protein level was found after irradiation.@*Conclusion　@#10 Gy X-ray irradiation can induce the activation of BV-2 cells in vitro, and the polarization type changes with the time after irradiation.

Effects of 5.8 GHz radiofrequency radiation on learning and memory along with synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons in rats / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of 5.8 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation on learning and memory along with hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats, in order to provide theoretical and experimental references for scientific evaluation of potential hazards of 5.8 GHz RF radiation.Methods:A total of 56 healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham exposure group ( n=28) and RF exposure group ( n=28). RF groups were exposed to 5.8 GHz RF for 1 h each day in 15 d or 30 d continuously, and the whole-body absorption rate was 1.15 W/kg. The learning and memory ability of rats was tested by Morris water maze (MWM). The hippocampal structure of rats was observed by Nissl stain. The density of dendritic spines in CA1 region of hippocampus was detected by Golgi stain. The expression of synaptic related protein (PSD95, Synaptophysin) in hippocampus was detected by Western blot. The level of hippocampal neurotransmitters was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results:In MWM experiments, at 15 d and 30 d after RF exposure, there was no statistically significant difference between sham group and RF group in the escape latency, frequency of crossing plateau, percentage of stay time in plateau quadrant and latency of first arrival to the plateau ( P>0.05). Besides, the structure and the number of neurons in the hippocampus, the density of apical and basal dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region (apical: 5.10±0.20, 4.89±0.24, 4.58±0.27, 4.49±0.24, and basal: 4.81±0.17, 4.79±0.34, 4.20±0.27, 4.22±0.17, named as Sham 15 d group, RF 15 d group, Sham 30 d group, RF 30 d group, respectively), the expression of PSD95 and Synaptophysin and the level of multiple kinds of neurotransmitters in the hippocampus had no significant changes ( P>0.05). Conclusions:In this study, 5.8 GHz RF radiation has no significant influence on the spatial learning and memory ability along with the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons of rats.

Distribution of norovirus outbreaks and associated factors in Chengdu during 2017 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the features of Norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens and the associated factors in Chengdu, 2017, and to provide the scientific basis for Norovious outbreaks prevention and control.@*Methods@#A total of 75 schools and kindergartens in Chengdu of 2017 participated in the study about Norovirus outbreaks. ANOVA and binary Logistic regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors and duration of Norovirus outbreaks.@*Results@#Overall 710 cases were included. There was an average of 9.47 cases and 27.52 hours for each outbreak,decreasing by 1.06 cases and 10.56 hours compared with those of 2016. Most outbreaks happened in kindergartens and in the firstlevel economy regions from January to March, with GII type as the main outbreak. Compared with the first case of vomiting at home, vomiting in public area (OR=11.76, 95%CI=1.63-84.69) was much more serious, and compared with the active report of school/ community, being informed of the outbreak passively (OR=4.09，95%CI=1.04-16.03) was positively associated with outbreak severity.@*Conclusion@#To prevent Norovirus infection, specific development and training of dealing with vomiting and feces should be introduced, and measures to increase the ability to surveil and report Norovirus outbreaks should be enhanced.

Clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of female breast hyperplasia in different age groups / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To analyze clinicopathological characteristics and the potential risk-related factors of female breast hyperplasia in different age groups.Method From Jan 2015 to Dec 2016,patients diagnosed with breast hyperplasia in 12 hospitals were evaluated.All patients completed the self-designed questionnaires on women'health,including basic demographic information,clinic examination information,radiologic information and pathologic results.The patients were divided into a young group (＜ 45 years old) and an elderly group (from 45 to 75 years old).Results There were 3 684 cases of breast hyperplasia,including 2 291 cases in young group and 1 393 cases in elder group,respectively Clinically breast pain type were most commonly observed in both young and older groups (50.3％ vs.42.7％,P ＜ 0.001).While pathological research based on biopsy showed that breast adenopathy were the most common changes in both groups (67.9％ vs.61.7％,P ＜0.001).More breast cancer cases were identified in elder group than that in young group,especially in clinically lump type patients (9.4％ vs.4.2％,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with elder group,patients in young group have different distribution characteristics regarding to fertility factors,lifestyle factors and psychology scale including anxiety and depression.Conclusion Distributions of clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors of female breast hyperplasia differ across different age groups.

The prevalence of breast cancer in parts of China / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To learn about the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer in parts of China by a survey of women's breast health. Methods Multi-stage stratified randomized cluster sampling of the cross-sectional study was applied in collecting data of women aged 25 to 70 in Shandong, Hebei, Jiangsu and Tianjin province. All subjects included in the investigation attended face-toface interviews and clinical breast examinations. Results 122 058 females aged 25-70 years old in three provinces and Tianjin metropolitan were included. 320 (58 incident cases) breast cancer cases were documented in this investigation, that is 262.2/105 in prevalence. There was a higher breast cancer prevalence in subjects aged 45 to 54 and aged 55 to 64 within one year. The standardized detection rate of 54.2/105 in rural areas was higher than urban areas' 45.3/105. Conclusion Carring out the screening of female breast cancer and popularizing the knowledge of breast cancer prevention consistently, which could improve the detected rate of breast cancer.

New insights into secondary iron overload / 中国实用内科杂志

Most of the patients who suffer from secondary iron overloading are transfusion-dependent.Excess iron deposits in the important organs will have notable effect on survival.The serum ferritin can not reflect the iron stores in the specific organ rigorously.There are two noninvasive techniques that can assess tissue iron:superconducting quantum interface device and MRI-T2*.The patients who are transfusion-dependent should monitor the body iron stores and chelate the iron in time.Now the drugs for iron chelation therapy include deferoxamine,deferiprone and deferasirox.