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Zn2+ is required for the activity of many mitochondrial proteins, which regulate mitochondrial dynamics, apoptosis and mitophagy. However, it is not understood how the proper mitochondrial Zn2+ level is achieved to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we reveal here that a pair of mitochondrion-localized transporters controls the mitochondrial level of Zn2+. We demonstrate that SLC-30A9/ZnT9 is a mitochondrial Zn2+ exporter. Loss of SLC-30A9 leads to mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation, which damages mitochondria, impairs animal development and shortens the life span. We further identify SLC-25A25/SCaMC-2 as an important regulator of mitochondrial Zn2+ import. Loss of SLC-25A25 suppresses the abnormal mitochondrial Zn2+ accumulation and defective mitochondrial structure and functions caused by loss of SLC-30A9. Moreover, we reveal that the endoplasmic reticulum contains the Zn2+ pool from which mitochondrial Zn2+ is imported. These findings establish the molecular basis for controlling the correct mitochondrial Zn2+ levels for normal mitochondrial structure and functions.
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Animals , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism , Cation Transport Proteins/genetics , Homeostasis , Mitochondria/metabolism , Zinc/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block for postoperative analgesia in the infants undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia.Methods Sixty American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 1-3 yr,weighing 10-16 kg,scheduled for elective lobectomy under general anesthesia,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C) and epidural block group (group E).Caudal epidural block was performed under ultrasound guidance after induction of general anesthesia and at 15 min before surgery in group E.An epidural catheter was inserted at T6,7 interspace,0.1％ ropivacaine 1 mg/kg was injected at 5 min after injecting 1％ lidocaine 3 ml,the diffusion of epidural fluid was controlled at T3-10,and the epidural catheter was then removed.An analgesia pump was connected at the end of the surgery in two groups.Pain was evaluated using Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale.When Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale score＞3,the pump was pressed.When pain was still unrelieved 5 min later,sufentanil 0.1-0.2 μg/kg was intravenously injected.The patients were followed up for 48 h after operation,and the requirement for additional remifentanil and sufentanil,and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting,respiratory depression,hypoxemia and over-sedation was recorded.The number of pressing times,extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were also recorded.Pain at 1 and 2 days after operation was evaluated using the Postoperative Pain Measure for Parents.Results Compared with group C,the consumption of remifentanil,the number of pressing times and requirement for additional sufentanil were significantly decreased,the incidence of each index of the Postoperative Pain Masure for Patients was decreased at 1 day after surgery,the extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened,and the incidence of nausea and vomiting and over-sedation was decreased in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusion Uhrasound-gnided caudal epidural block provides better efficacy and fewer side effects for postoperative analgesia in the infants undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia.
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Objective@#To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block for postoperative analgesia in the infants undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia.@*Methods@#Sixty American Society of Anesthesiology physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 1-3 yr, weighing 10-16 kg, scheduled for elective lobectomy under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups (n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and epidural block group (group E). Caudal epidural block was performed under ultrasound guidance after induction of general anesthesia and at 15 min before surgery in group E. An epidural catheter was inserted at T6, 7 interspace, 0.1% ropivacaine 1 mg/kg was injected at 5 min after injecting 1% lidocaine 3 ml, the diffusion of epidural fluid was controlled at T3-10, and the epidural catheter was then removed.An analgesia pump was connected at the end of the surgery in two groups.Pain was evaluated using Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale.When Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability scale score>3, the pump was pressed.When pain was still unrelieved 5 min later, sufentanil 0.1-0.2 μg/kg was intravenously injected.The patients were followed up for 48 h after operation, and the requirement for additional remifentanil and sufentanil, and the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, hypoxemia and over-sedation was recorded.The number of pressing times, extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were also recorded.Pain at 1 and 2 days after operation was evaluated using the Postoperative Pain Measure for Parents.@*Results@#Compared with group C, the consumption of remifentanil, the number of pressing times and requirement for additional sufentanil were significantly decreased, the incidence of each index of the Postoperative Pain Masure for Patients was decreased at 1 day after surgery, the extubation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting and over-sedation was decreased in group E (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Ultrasound-guided caudal epidural block provides better efficacy and fewer side effects for postoperative analgesia in the infants undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different fluid therapies on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy and to evaluate the advantages of intraoperative goaldirected fluid therapy when compared with restrictive fluid therapy.Methods Fifty-four patients,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ,scheduled for elective thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anesthesia,were divided into goal-directed fluid therapy group (group G) and restrictive fluid therapy group (group R) using a random number table method,with 27 patients in each group.In group G,fluid management was guided by an oesophageal Doppler monitoring,Ringer's solution was continuously infused at a rate of 4 ml · kg-1 · h-1,with corrected flow time (FTc) ≥350 ms and change in stroke volume (SV) ＜ 10％ of the pre-rehydration level as the goal.In group R,restrictive fluid management was performed,and blood loss was replaced with hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 at a 1 ∶ 1 ratio.Compound sodium chloride injection was continuously infused at a rate of 4 ml · kg-1 · h-1 until the end of surgery in both groups.Mean arterial pressure,heart rate,SpO2,FTc,SV and cardiac index were recorded at 5 min before intubation,immediately after lateral position,at the start of one-lung ventilation,at the end of one-lung ventilation and at the end of surgery.The amount of fluid intake and output during surgery was recorded.The complications on 1st,3rd,5th and 8th days after surgery were evaluated using POMS scale.The length of hospital stay,admission to intensive care unit and in-hospital death were also recorded.Results Compared with group R,FTc,SV and cardiac index were significantly increased at the end of one-lung ventilation and at the end of surgery in group G (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications or length of hospital stay between two groups (P＞0.05).No patients were admitted to intensive care unit after surgery,and no in-hospital death occurred in two groups.Conclusion GDFT and restrictive fluid therapy applied during surgery produce similar postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy.
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Objective To compare the effects of combination of maternal hydration and hands and knees posture with simple hands and knees posture on correction of breech pregnancy. Methods One hundred patients who were diagnosed breech pregnancy from November 2015 to November 2016 were assigned to experimental group and control group with 50 cases each according to individual willingness. The patients in experimental group received the combination of maternal hydration and hands and knees posture;while the patients in control group received simple hands and knees posture. Results Amniotic fluid index was (18.94±2.44)cm in experimental group and (15.97±2.33)cm in control group, the difference had statistic significance (t=6.239, P<0.05). The effective transfer rate and successfully used time was 92%(46/50) , (2.10 ± 0.75) weeks in experimental group and 64%(32/50), (4.27 ± 0.98) weeks in control group, the difference had statistic significance (χ2=11.422, P<0.05; t=-12.463, P<0.05). For primipara and multipara, the effective transfer rate was 90.91%(30/33), 16/17 in experimental group, and 68.75%(22/32), 10/18 in control group, the difference had statistic significance (χ2=4.986, 6.806, all P<0.05). The rate of vaginal and cesarean section deliveries was 86%(43/50), 14%(7/50) in experimental group, and 56%(28/50), 44%(22/50) in control group, the difference had statistic significance(χ2=10.928, P=0.001). Patients who had fetal movement or who didn′t have time to do correction or missed was 17.10%(46/269), 1.49%(4/269) in experimental group, and 12.55% (22/255), 7.06% (18/255) in control group. Conclusions @Therapic effects of combination of maternal hydration and hands and knees posture is much better than that of the simple hands and knees posture therapy on correction of breech pregnancy, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of residual methylparaben,ethylparaben,nipa-sol and benzalkonium chloride in marketed eye drops. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Hypersil GOLD C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.005 mol/L ammonium acetate(10 mL triehtylamine in 1 L solu-tion,pH adjusted to 5.0±0.5 with glacial acetic acid)-acetonitrile(45:55,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wave-length was 262 nm(methylparaben,ethylparaben,nipasol)and 214 nm(benzalkonium chloride),respectively. The column tem-perature was 30 ℃ and sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The linear range were 1.2350-15.4380 μg/mL for methylparaben(r=0.9999),1.3170-16.3836 μ g/mL for ethylparaben (r=0.9997),1.2072-15.0894 μ g/mL for nipasol (r=0.9996) and 17.776-222.0 μg/mL for benzalkonium chloride(r=0.9999),respectively. Limits of quantitation were 2.0,2.0,2.0,1.11 μg,re-spectively;limits of determination were 0.375,0.375,0.375,0.333 μg,respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibili-ty tests were all lower than 2.0%. The average recoveries were 98.14%-102.48%(RSD=1.6%,n=9),98.79%-102.42%(RSD=1.3%,n=9),98.19%-102.49%(RSD=1.5%,n=9)and 98.76%-100.53%(RSD=0.6%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,reproducible,simple and suitable for the determination of residual methylparaben,ethylparaben,nipasol and benzalkonium chloride in marketed eye drops.
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Objective:To discuss the necessity of upgrade and verification laboratory information management system( LIMS) in drug control institutes. Methods:LIMS was upgraded and validated in a laboratory. Results:The upgrade and verification of LIMS en-sured the primitiveness and accuracy of laboratory date, and improved the work efficiency. Conclusion:The application of LIMS sys-tem ensures the reliability of the date and is of great significance to the development of drug testing organizations.
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@#Inflammatory cytokines are closely related to the development of gastric cancer. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines and their associated signaling pathways play different roles on the stages of gastric cancer, such as occurrence, development and prognosis, through different channels. This article summarizes the expression and function of Helicobacter pylori, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, TGF-β, IL-10, IL-18 and T lymphocytes in gastric tissue or blood. The inflammatory cytokines and their associated signaling pathways which working as therapeutic targets for gastric cancer are also concluded.
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This study was aimed to preliminary explore the anticancer activity, immunomodulatory effects and antimi-crobial activity of Calcitum ashing agent. Serum pharmacological method was used to prepare the serum containing Calcitum ashing agent. MTT method was used to observe the cell proliferation rate of S180 ascites tumor cells and human esophageal cancer cells cultured with the serum containing Calcitum ashing agent in vitro. In addition, this method was also used to observe the mouse spleen lymphocyte transformation rate. The Oxford Cup method was used to determine the antibacterial activity on Calcitum ashing agent in vitro. The results showed that serum containing Calcitum ashing agent inhibited the cell proliferation rate of S180 and esophageal cancer cells. Meanwhile, it had a synergistic effect with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the inhibition of human esophageal cancer cells. The serum contain-ing Calcitum ashing agent induced the reduction in the mice spleen lymphocytes transformation rate. But it inhibited the reduction in the spleen lymphocytes transformation rate induced by 5-FU. The decoction with the concentration higher than 0.25 g·mL-1 had significantly inhibited the proliferation of bacteria. It was concluded that Calcitum ash-ing agent can inhibit the cell proliferation of S180 ascites tumor cells and human esophageal cancer cell in vitro. It can significantly reverse the reduction in the mice spleen lymphocytes transformation rate induced by immunode-pressant. However, the antibacterial activity still requires further study.
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A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for verrucous hyperplasia on the circular sulcus for 2 years as well as erythematous painful swelling, ulcer and rupture of inguinal lymph nodes for more than 2 months. Physical examination revealed erythematous, indurated and painful swelling of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes. Fluctuation could be felt at the centre of the right swollen inguinal lymph nodes, where several pores were seen with yellowish-white purulent fluid flowing out, giving the appearance of a watering can. Multiple swollen or ulcerative lymph nodes were separated by the inguinal ligament forming the groove sign.There were irregular, indurated, verrucous, proliferative and keratinized lesions sized 1 cm × 2 cm on both sides of the circular sulcus. The right scrotum was obviously swelling. Erythematous, fluctuating swelling, ulcer and rupture of the glans fraenum were also observed with yellowish-white purulent exudates. Neither the secretion from the skin lesions on the surface of bilateral inguinal lymph nodes nor the puncture sample from the right groin was positive for multiple fungal or bacterial culture, acid-fast stain or first culture of C. trachomatis.However, the endogenous plasmid of Chlamydia was successfully amplified by PCR from these samples, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) suggested that the genotype of the Chlamydia strain was L3. Western blot revealed the presence of anti-MOMP antibodies and anti-Pmp H antibodies (titer: ＞ 1: 800) in serum. Culture of C. trachomatis also gave positive results after multiple passage. Biopsy of the verrucous hyperplasia on the right groin is consistent with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. A diagnosis of lymphogranuloma venereum complicated by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma was made.
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Objective To investigate the influences of lysozyme on the mRNA expressions of MMP-1,-12 and lysyl oxidase(LOX)in cultured fibroblasts in vitro.Methods Primarily cultured fibroblasts isolated from human skin were treated with three concentrations(0.1×10~(-8),1×10~(-7)mol/L)of lysozyme followed by another 24-hour cuhure.Subsequently,total RNA was extracted from the fibroblasts and subjected to RT-PCR for the detection of MMP-1,-12 and LOX mRNA.Results There was a significant difference in the mRNA expressions of MMP-1,-12 and LOX among the fibroblasts treated with the three concentrations of lysozyme (F=6.98,4.44,5.24,respectively,all P<0.05).SNK-q test showed that untreated fibroblasts differed signifi-cantly from those treated with lysozyme of 1×10~(-7) mol/L in the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12 (P<0.05),and from those treated with iysozyme of 1×10~(-7) mol/L.and 1×10~(-8)mol/L in the mRNA expres-sion of LOX(both P<0.05),whereas no significant difference was ohserved between fibroblasts treated with lysozyme of 1×10~(-8) mol/L and untreated fibrohlasts or those with lysozyme of 1 x 10~(-7)mol/L in the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12.or between fibroblasts treated with lysozyme of 1 x 10~(-8)mol/L and those with that of 1×10~(-7) mol/L in the expression of LOX (all P>0.05).Conclusions Lysozyme upregulates the mRNA expression of MMP-1 and MMP-12 but downregulates the mRNA expression of LOX in cultured fibro-blasts in vitro.