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Objective:To investigate the value of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with cT 1-2N 1M 0 breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy which postoperative pathology showed that the number of axillary lymph node metastases was 0-3. Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight patients diagnosed with cT 1-2N 1M 0 breast cancer admitted to our hospital from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and modified radical mastectomy. The number of postoperative axillary lymph node metastases was 0-3. According to whether there was postoperative radiotherapy or not, the whole group of patients was divided into radiotherapy group ( n=87) and non-radiotherapy group ( n=41). In the two groups after operation, there were 43 and 11 patients with 1-3 axillary lymph node metastases (ypN 1), while there were 44 and 30 patients without axillary lymph node metastases (ypN 0) respectively. The 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, disease-free survival (DFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences were compared by log-rank test. Univariate analysis was performed to analyze the effects of clinical features and treatment on prognosis. Results:The 5-year LRFS rate, DFS rate and OS rate of 128 patients were 91.4%, 82.8% and 93.0% respectively. The 5-year LRFS rates of the patients in the radiotherapy group and the non-radiotherapy group were 94.3% and 85.4% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=3.055, P=0.080). As well as the 5-year DFS rates were 89.7% and 68.3% respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=9.312, P=0.005). The 5-year OS rates were 94.3% and 90.2% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.810, P=0.368). In the subgroup analysis, the 5-year LRFS rates of the patients who had achieved ypN 1 in the radiotherapy group and the non-radiotherapy group were 93.0% and 72.7%, and the 5-year DFS rates were 88.4% and 63.6%, with statistically significant differences ( χ2=4.248, P=0.039; χ2=4.525, P=0.033). The 5-year OS rates were 90.7% and 81.8% respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( χ2=0.713, P=0.399). The 5-year LRFS rates of the patients who had achieved ypN 0 in the radiotherapy group and the non-radiotherapy group were 95.5% and 90.0% respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.872, P=0.350). The 5-year DFS rates were 90.9% and 70.0% respectively, with statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.439, P=0.019). The 5-year OS rates were 97.7% and 93.3% respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=0.876, P=0.349). The univariate analysis indicated that age ( χ2=11.709, P=0.001) and blood vessel invasion ( χ2=7.608, P=0.006) were significant influencing factors for 5-year LRFS rate. Postoperative radiotherapy ( χ2=9.312, P=0.002) was a prognostic factor for 5-year DFS rate. Age ( χ2=6.093, P=0.014) and hormone receptor status ( χ2=3.974, P=0.046) were prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion:For the cT 1-2N 1M 0 breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, postmastectomy radiotherapy has local control benefit, and it can improve DFS. However, the benefit of postoperative radiotherapy needs to be further investigated in patients with pathological negative axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Objective@#To investigate the properties of radiation-induced changes of cell cycle and apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and to further explore its relationship with radiosensitivity.@*Methods@#The two cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays. The cell survival curves were fitted by clonogenic formation assay, then according to the radiosensitivity parameters average lethal dose (D0), quasi-threshold dose (Dq) and survival fraction after 2 Gy irradiation (SF2), the radiosensitivity of the two cell lines was compared. The apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of the two cell lines were detected by Hoechst 33342 and PI staining.@*Results@#The survival curve of MDA-MB-231 cell line shifted to the right compared with that of MCF-7 cell line. The values of D0, Dq and SF2 of MDA-MB-231 cell line were higher than those of MCF-7 cell line (1.603±0.023 vs. 1.233±0.027, 1.76±0.04 vs. 1.03±0.10, 0.639 3±0.008 2 vs. 0.398 1±0.018 5, t values were -17.981, -11.745, -20.596, P values were 0.000, 0.003, 0.000). The apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cell line was significantly higher than that of MDA-MB-231 cell line at the doses of 2, 4, 8 Gy irradiated 24 h and at the 12, 48 h after 6 Gy X-irradiation (t values were 4.441, 7.299, 10.499, 6.375, 7.743, P values were 0.011, 0.002, 0.000, 0.003, 0.001). Compared with the non-irradiated group, G2 phase arrest appeared in both cell lines after irradiation. The percentage of the G2/M phase in MDA-MB-231 cell line increased as the time or dosage accumulated. Furthmore, the percentage didn't go down even after 48 hours later. However, the blockage began to gradually release in MCF-7 cell line at the dose of 8 Gy irradiated 24 h and the 48 h after 6 Gy X-irradiation. Followed with that, it turned out the percentage of the G0/G1 phase increased [(65.80±0.56)%, (62.53±0.67)%].@*Conclusions@#6 MV X-irradiation with the doses of 2-8 Gy can induce the cell cycle arrest at G1 and G2 phase in MCF-7 cell line, G2 phase in MDA-MB-231 cell line. Thus more apoptosis appears in MCF-7 cell line, which may cause the difference in radiosensitivity between the two cell lines.
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Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on the radiosensitivity of breast carcinoma cells with different estrogen receptors stasus (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods Two cell lines,MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in logarithmic phase were divided into four groups:control group,drug group (mefformin),irradiation group and experimental group (irradiation plus metformin).MTT assay and the clonogenic assay were performed to evaluate the effects of metformin on the proliferation and survival of breast carcinoma cell lines,respectively.The change of cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rates were measured by propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33342 staining analysis repectively.Western blot was used to detect the expression of p-AMPK and p-mTOR.Resutls Metformin could obviously inhibit the proliferation of the two breast carcinoma cell lines in a dose dependent manner.The cloning formation capacity was decreased in the group of metformin plus irradiation,which displayed the values of Dq,D0 and SF2 significantly lower than those of irradiation alone group (MCF-7:t =9.305,14.528,13.708,P ＜0.05;MDA-MB-231:t =19.560,16.893,36.048,P ＜0.05),and the sensitizing enhance rate (SER) of D0 were 1.29 and 1.21 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines,respectively.Compared with irradiation alone,metformin plus irradiation obviously increased the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase in both cell lines (t =6.103,38.431,P ＜ 0.05).Metformin plus irradiation also enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis in both cell lines so that the apoptosis rates were higher than that in the metformin group or irradiation alone group (t =9.143,14.561,P ＜ 0.05).In MCF-7 cell lines,the expression of p-AMPK in the metformin combined with irradiation group was significantly higher than other treatment groups (t =35.194,8.647,10.316,P ＜ 0.05),but no significant changes of p-AMPK expression in MDA-MB-231 cell lines was observed (P ＞ 0.05).While inhibition of p-mTOR by metformin was observed in both cell lines (MCF-7:t =80.133,31.820,11.308,P＜0.05;MDA-MB-231:t=12.436,15.757,8.402,P＜0.05).Conclusions This study suggests that metformin possessed a strong radiosensitizing potential in both breast carcinoma cell lines of MCF-7 (ER positive) and MDA-MB-231 (ER negative).This radiosensitizing effect may result from the activation of AMPK or AMPK-independent pathway,inhibition of mTOR signaling pathway,and the enhancement of radiation-induced G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis after metformin treatment.
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Photosensitive skin diseases belong to physical skin diseases, which are caused by sunlight. Its clinical features are exposed parts of skin erythema, blisters or pleomorphic lesions, skin burning and itching consciously, and vary in different seasons. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the pathogenesis of the disease lies in accountability phototoxic invasion, in vivo accumulation of heat, and natural tolerance to poor light. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy is often used in typing, syndrome differentiation, combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, Chinese medicine for external use and other means, and has achieved remarkable curative effects. However, there are still many problems about photosensitive skin diseases in the aspect of clinical and basic researches, and should be solved and improved.
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Objective To investigate the action mechanism of an anti-photosensitivity mixture on skin photodamage. Methods Twenty-eight BLAB/c mice were divided into 4 groups, i.e., normal control group,treatment group, negative and positive control groups; the last three groups were irradiated with a single dose of UVB at 300 mJ/cm2 after 7-day pretreatment with sodium chloride physiological solution, anti-photosensitivity mixture, and hydroxychloroquine, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the irradiation, mice were killed and skin tissue samples were obtained at the irradiated sites. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemical staining were carried out to detect cell apoptosis,Fas and Caspase-3 protein expressions respectively. Results An increase was observed in the expression level of Fas and Caspase-3 and in the apoptotic index in keratinocytes from UV-irradiated mice compared with unirradiated control mice (all P ＜ 0.01 ). In comparison with sodium chloride physiological solution, the antiphotosensitivity mixture suppressed the UV irradiation-induced increase in the expression intensity of Fas and Caspase-3 and apoptotic index in keratinocytes (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). Conclusions The anti-photosensitivity mixture could alleviate UV-induced inflammatory damage to and apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes, likely by regulating cell apoptosis and Caspase-3 pathway.
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Objective To develop cadres' stress scale for the Chinese people' s armed police forces.Methods Based on the stress theory and principles of the psychometrics,combined with characteristics of armed police forces. The cadres' stress scale was developed by ourselves. 802 cadres were evaluated as samples and statistic the data by item analysis ,factor analysis, reliability and valid analysis. Results The scale included four dimensions: task stress, economy stress, interpersonal stress and development stress. The internal consistency reliability was 0.893 ,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.812. Retest reliability coefficient was 0.813. The criterion related validity to the stress scale and SCL-90 was good and the correlation coefficient with somatization, anxiety,depression, interpersonal sensitivity was 0. 376,0. 383,0. 396,0. 387 individually (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Cadres stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces has good reliability and validity.
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To identify the cell wall-binding proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 2(SS2), according to their structure feature, the substrates of sortase and I type secreted proteins with LysM domain, WxL domain, choline-binding domain,GW domain or S layer homologous domain in the recently published genome of SS2 strain 98HAH33 were firstly identified and then the putative functions were attributed to individual proteins by reference to the identification of conserved domains of InterPro and BlastP servers. Homologous proteins were identified by unfiltered BlastP homology searches (including conserved domain detection). Among the 23 putative proteins with a C-terminal LPXTG recognition signal for covalent attachment to peptidoglycan by sortase, 9 with I signal peptide were identified as sortase substrates. Among 9 substrates , YP_001201232, YP_001201531 and YP_001201656 had been experimentally verified to anchor to bacterial cell wall , and YP_001201232 known as the opacity factor of S. suis (OFS) was proved to be the virulence factors. According to function analysis, YP_001201484, YP_001201544, YP_001199825, YP_001197640, YP_001197840 and YP_001199755 appeared to be involved in SS2 pathogenesis. and YP_001200959, YP_001201233 and two proteins with LysM domain( YP_001199784 and YP_001201729) were the hypothetical proteins. These data suggest the majority of putative sortase substrates may implicate in the virulence of SS2 and could serve as a basis for targeted experimental studies into the function of these proteins.