ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: α-2-agonists cause sympathetic inhibition combined with parasympathetic activation and have other properties that could be beneficial during cardiac anesthesia. We evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant compared to a control group during cardiac surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all adult patients (> 18 years old) undergoing cardiac surgery. Patients were divided into two groups, regarding the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant intraoperatively (DEX group) and a control group who did not receive α-2-agonist (CON group). Results: A total of 1302 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, either coronary artery bypass graft or valve surgery, were included; 796 in the DEX group and 506 in the CON group. Need for reoperation (2% vs. 2.8%, P=0.001), type 1 neurological injury (2% vs. 4.7%, P=0.005) and prolonged hospitalization (3.1% vs. 7.3%, P=0.001) were significantly less frequent in the DEX group than in the CON group. Thirty-day mortality rates were 3.4% in the DEX group and 9.7% in the CON group (P<0.001). Using multivariable Cox regression analysis with in hospital death as the dependent variable, dexmedetomidine was independently associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality (odds ratio [OR]=0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24-0.65, P≤0.001). The Logistic EuroSCORE (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10, P=0.004) and age (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, P=0.003) were independently associated with a higher risk of 30-day mortality. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine used as an anesthetic adjuvant was associated with better outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and valve surgery. Randomized prospective controlled trials are warranted to confirm our results.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Postoperative Care/mortality , Coronary Artery Bypass/mortality , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Heart Valve Diseases/mortality , Adjuvants, Anesthesia/administration & dosage , Postoperative Period , Survival Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Hospital Mortality , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/administration & dosage , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sepsis is the expression of a complex network of mediators. Multiple organ dysfunction and septic shock indeed remain a major cause of death among ICU patients worldwide. Prompt recognition of both the diagnosis and the complicated evolution are essential, hence the importance of using biological markers. The main pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as hundreds of others cellular markers, circulating bioactive molecules or coagulation products are potential biological markers that could help to characterize the presence of infection and sepsis. We aimed to review the main biological markers that could be used nowadays or possibly in the future, either in clinical or research fields. CONTENTS: A selective review of biologic markers of sepsis focusing on markers of the coagulation cascade, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the available biological markers is still not a practical method to be used at the bed-side and is currently restricted to research works. Nowadays the determination of CRP or PCT serum levels can be of great help in the critically ill patient care along with the conventional parameters.
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A sepse é a expressão de uma complexa rede de mediadores. Falência de múltiplos órgãos e choque séptico são as principais causas de óbito nas unidades de terapia intensiva em todo o mundo. Indicadores biológicos como as citocinas, bem como centenas de outros indicadores celulares, moléculas bioativas circulantes ou produtos da coagulação são potenciais indicadores biológicos que poderão ser de grande utilidade no reconhecimento e tratamento da infecção e sepse. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar os principais indicadores que podem ser utilizados, atualmente ou possivelmente, no futuro, na prática clínica ou experimental. CONTEÚDO: Revisão dirigida da literatura sobre possíveis indicadores de infecção e sepse, com ênfase aos da cascata da coagulação, proteína C-reativa e procalcitonina. CONCLUSÕES: O papel da maioria dos indicadores biológicos não está ainda definido para uso na prática clínica. Todavia os níveis séricos de PCR e de procalcitonina podem ser de grande auxílio no diagnóstico e no prognóstico da infecção e da sepse quando usados em conjunto com os parâmetros convencionais.