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Introduction: The study was conducted to evaluate IOP management by surgical modalities such as combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification and phacoemulsification surgery alone. Vision impairment is a major public health problem and the burden is increasing with increase in aged population. This study wasAims And Objectives: undertaken for study the IOP management by surgical modalities such as combined trabeculectomy and phacoemulsification and phacoemulsification surgery alone. A pre-designed prospective study was conducted at the OPD of upgraded Department of Ophthalmology at LLRM Medical College, Meerut. A total of 60 patients were divided in to two equal groups randomly and studied. Majority of the patients in both the groups wereObservation And Result: aged between 61 – 70 years. Females outnumbered males in this study which was statistically significant between the two groups. The mean pre- operative intra ocular pressure was 23.3 mm Hg in combined surgery group and 23.9 mm Hg in cataract surgery alone group. Mean Intra ocular pressure decreased regularly in each follow up more in combined group than the cataract surgery alone group. The mean intra ocular pressure after 1 years follow up in combined surgery group was 10.8 mm Hg and 13.4 mm Hg in the cataract surgery alone groups which was statistically significant. Mean BCVA before the operation was 3.2 in combined surgery group and 3.8 in cataract surgery before surgery. Mean BCVA declined after 1 year of follow up in combined surgery group was 1.9 and 2.7 in cataract surgery alone group which was statistically significant. The surgery success was complete in 80.0% of the combined surgery group and 60% of the cataract alone group. Criteria For Failure Of Surgeries Ÿ The IOP >23 MMHG at the end of 1 year or Ÿ The IOP not reduced by 20 % from base line at the end of 1 year Conclusion: This study was mainly undertaken to study the efficacy of combined trabeculectomy with cataract extraction and cataract only on primary angle closure glaucoma. This study had found that, the reduction of intra ocular pressure in both the groups but more prominent in combined surgery group than cataract alone surgery group.
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Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative bacteria associated with diverse infections like appendicitis and colorectal cancer. It mainly attacks the epithelial cells in the oral cavity and throat of the infected individual. It has a single circular genome of 2.7 Mb. Many proteins in F. nucleatum genome are listed as “Uncharacterized.” Annotation of these proteins is crucial for obtaining new facts about the pathogen and deciphering the gene regulation, functions, and pathways along with discovery of novel target proteins. In the light of new genomic information, an armoury of bioinformatic tools were used for predicting the physicochemical parameters, domain and motif search, pattern search, and localization of the uncharacterized proteins. The programs such as receiver operating characteristics determine the efficacy of the databases that have been employed for prediction of different parameters at 83.6%. Functions were successfully assigned to 46 uncharacterized proteins which included enzymes, transporter proteins, membrane proteins, binding proteins, etc. Apart from the function prediction, the proteins were also subjected to string analysis to reveal the interacting partners. The annotated proteins were also put through homology-based structure prediction and modeling using Swiss PDB and Phyre2 servers. Two probable virulent factors were also identified which could be investigated further for potential drug-related studies. The assigning of functions to uncharacterized proteins has shown that some of these proteins are important for cell survival inside the host and can act as effective drug targets.
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Hypertriglyceridemia induced pancreatitis is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis after gall stones and alcohol. Most of the patients with Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has primary or genetic defect in lipoprotein metabolism. Groove pancreatitis is a rare form of Pancreatitis with most patients being male and history of alcohol consumption. Here we report a case of 33 year old female who is a known diabetic, presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Her serum lipase was 3133 U/l (<40U/l). Here we report a case of familial dyslipidemia with severe hypertriglyceridemia causing pancreatitis involving the Groove presenting with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
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Purpose@#Considering the cross-protection reported for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination on viral respiratory infections, it has been proposed that it could reduce the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of the current study is to investigate the association between the severity of COVID-19 with prior BCG vaccination in adult patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. @*Materials and Methods@#Adult patients (18 years or above) with positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction admitted in July 2020 were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were classified into non-severe, severe, and critical diseases. History of prior BCG vaccination and the presence of a BCG vaccination scar were recorded. @*Results@#Out of 103 patients, 64 patients with prior history of BCG vaccinations were compared with 39 patients without BCG vaccination in childhood. The median age was 55 years and 64 years in BCG vaccinated & non-BCG vaccinated patients (p-value=0.002). There was male predominance in both groups and frequent comorbid illnesses were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Severe COVID-19 was found in 91 patients (88.3%) followed by non-severe disease and critical diseases i.e., 7 (6.8%) and 5 (4.9%) patients, respectively. No association of prior BCG vaccination with disease severity of COVID-19 was found in this study and mortality was 8.7%. Out of nine patients who expired only 2 (22.2%) had a prior history of BCG vaccination (p-value=0.01). Secondary infections were present in 26 patients and the majority had pneumonia. @*Conclusion@#The BCG vaccine has no impact on the severity of COVID-19 but could have a protective role with a low mortality rate in already infected patients.
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Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID) constitutes a rare imaging triad. Additional findings include subcortical and subependymal heterotopia, polymicrogyria, fused thalami, deficient falx, and hydrocephalus. The knowledge of this triad helps us to diagnose prenatally by sonography and fetal MRI. In this case report authors present MRI Imaging findings in a case of AVID syndrome in a 6year old male child presenting with history of seizures and delayed milestones.
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“Colonic volvulus” refers to the twisting of colon, which most commonly involves sigmoid colon causing obstruction, ischemia and gangrene. But very rarely segment of descending colon can be involved. This is a case of 42 year old male with vomiting, abdomen pain and distension since one day, showing organoaxial volvulus of descending colon loop with a twist of mesentery.
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Background: The incidence of suicides has been on gradual rise during the past two decades, especially in developing countries. In rural population, which is mostly dependent on agriculture, the incidence of suicides would be different because of the socio demographic profile and also the variety of stressors that these individuals are exposed to. Aims: To study the incidence of suicides in the past five years, assess the relationship between socio-demographic variables and the number of these suicides and to assess the methods adopted by them. Methods: This is a retrospective study and the data regarding suicides from the past five years was collected from the health care professionals of the respective villages and various other sources like the village heads, revenue employees etc. Each family was visited and the details regarding the socio-demographic profile and the methods adopted were evaluated. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version. Frequency analysis, percentage analysis, mean and standard deviation, chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was a gradual increase in suicidal deaths in the past five years. Suicides were proportionately more in the age group of 15-30years, in males, who were married and unemployed. The most common method adopted for committing suicide was pesticide consumption. Conclusion: This study reflects the need for mental health interventions for the vulnerable populations and also emphasizes the necessity of safer methods to store pesticides for a reduction in the incidence of suicides.
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Background:The proportion of the patients attending the psychiatric consultation, once the disorder is recognized islimited. Lack of adequate knowledge regarding mental illnesses and help seeking attitude from other methodslike faith healers, priests are the common reasons for delay in psychiatric consultation. This delay has areasonable effect on the prognosis of the illness.Aim:To study the delay and reasons for the delay in first psychiatric consultation, and their relation to socio-demographic variables.Methods:A semi structured interview containing socio demographic variables and the reasons for delay is used toassess the patients attending psychiatric outpatient department of Mamata General Hospital. The diagnosiswas made according to ICD-10 diagnostic criteria.Results:Out of 100 patients assessed in the study, the most common reasons for delay in psychiatric consultation wereignorance about the illness, belief in magical and religious methods. Stigma towards psychiatric illnesses,financial problems, caregivers' education also influence the delay duration.Conclusion:This study emphasizes the need for awareness in the population regarding psychiatric disorders for a betteroutcome of the illness.