Optimization of preparation technology and in vitro release of baicalin-glycyrrhizic acid solid nanocrystals / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the preparation technology of baicalin （BCN）-glycyrrhizic acid （GA） solid nanocrystals （BCN-GA-SN）， to characterize them and investigate their in vitro release characteristics. METHODS According to the compatibility ratio of classic couplet medicinals “Scutellaria baicalensis-Glycyrrhiza uralensis”， the compatibility ratio of BCN and GA was determined as 6∶1 （m/m）； BCN-GA nanosuspension was prepared by precipitation method combined with high-pressure homogenization method. The preparation technology of BCN-GA nanosuspension was optimized by using mean particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） as indexes and with types and dosage of stabilizers， stirring speed and time， high-pressure homogenization pressure and frequency as factors. The freeze-dried consolidation process of BCN-GA nanosuspension was optimized to prepare BCN-GA-SN using average particle size， PDI and redispersibility index （RDI） as indicators， with the type and dosage of freeze-dried protective agents as factors； then， the physicochemical properties and in vitro release of BCN-GA-SN were investigated. RESULTS The optimal preparation technology of BCN-GA-SN was as follows： BCN-GA nanosuspension was prepared by using 15% sodium dodecyl sulfate as a stabilizer， stirring at 1 000 r/min for 15 minutes， and homogenizing at 100 MPa for 20 times； then， BCN-GA nanosuspension was freeze-dried and solidified with 5% mannitol （corresponding to the dosage of BCN）. The average particle size of prepared BCN-GA-SN was （442.2±5.7） nm with PDI of 0.225±0.015 and RDI of 1.055± 0.013. The prepared BCN-GA-SN presented as the irregularly spherical shape with more uniform size； the drug-loading amount of BCN in the nanocrystal was （62.5±0.7）%， and that of GA was （9.4±0.2）%； the in vitro release results showed that the cumulative dissolution of BCN-GA-SN was higher than that of the physical mixture of BCN and GA. CONCLUSIONS BCN-GA-SN is prepared successfully in this study with uniform particle size and even distribution， which can effectively improve the dissolution of BCN.

Application of meridian and acupoint diagnosis of three yin meridians of foot in the treatment for gynecological diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of Ginkgo Leaf Tablets in treatment of acute cerebral infarction / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Ginkgo Leaf Tablets(GLT) in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction(ACI). Seven databases both at home and abroad were systematically retrieved from their establishment to March 2020. The data of the included studies were extracted after review and screening. The quality of the included studies was assessed with the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool, and then the included studies were put into Meta-analysis by RevMan 5.3 to evaluate the total cli-nical efficiency, neurological function score, blood lipids and incidence of adverse reactions in treatment of ACI by GLT. Finally, the GRADE system was adopted to evaluate the evidence quality of each outcome indicator and form recommendations. Ten studies involving 886 participants were included, all of which were of low quality. Meta-analysis results showed that,(1)in terms of the total clinical efficiency, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone(RR_(NDS)=1.20, 95%CI[1.06, 1.36], P=0.005; RR_(NIHSS)=1.35, 95%CI[1.09, 1.69], P=0.007), and there was no statistical difference between GLT+Xuesaitong Injection+Wes-tern medicine and Xuesaitong Injection+Western medicine(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.00, 1.35], P=0.05).(2)In terms of improving neurological function score, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Western medicine alone(MD_(NIHSS[moderate(severe)])=-1.55, 95%CI[-2.22,-0.88], P<0.000 01; MD_(NIHSS(severe))=-7.51, 95%CI[-8.00,-7.02], P<0.000 01; MD_(NDS)=-1.36, 95%CI[-2.39,-0.33], P=0.01), and GLT+Danshen Injection+Western medicine was superior to Danshen Injection+Western medicine(MD_(NDS)=-3.09, 95%CI[-3.84,-2.34], P<0.000 01).(3)In terms of regulating blood lipids, GLT+Western medicine was superior to Wes-tern medicine alone(MD_(TC)=-1.40, 95%CI[-2.13,-0.66], P=0.000 2; MD_(TG)=-1.29, 95%CI[-1.86,-0.73], P<0.000 01; MD_(LDL-C)=-1.48, 95%CI[-2.91,-0.04], P=0.04; MD_(HDL-C)=0.07, 95%CI[0.02, 0.12], P=0.009).(4)In terms of incidence of adverse reactions, there was no statistical difference between GLT+Western medicine and Western medicine alone(RR=0.63, 95%CI[0.30, 1.32], P=0.22). The results of the evaluation showed that the evidence level of each outcome indicator was low, and the recommendation was at weak level. In conclusion, GLT+Western medicine could improve the total clinical efficiency, neurological function score, and blood lipid status, with a low incidence of adverse reactions. However, due to the small amount of included stu-dies, low study quality and low level of evidence, it is expected to carry out clinical studies with standardized design and large sample size in the future to further investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of GLT in the treatment of ACI.

Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment combined with antibiotics and antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 children with bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (36 cases). The children in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of cefodizine sodium [80 mg/(kg•d)] for 7 days. Based on the treatment of the control group, the children in the observation group were treated with cupping treatment on the bladder meridian of the back on the first day and the fourth day of antibiotic treatment; each cupping treatment was given for 5-10 min; the treatment of observation group was given for 7 days. The days for complete fever reduction, TCM syndrome scores and Canadian acute respiratory illness flu scale (CARIFS) scores before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The days for complete fever reduction in the observation group were shorter than that in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics has similar efficacy with antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children, but shows better effect in shortening the duration of fever and improving pulmonary symptoms.

Advances in Drugs for Microglia Polarization after Ischemic Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Microglia cells are activated after ischemic stroke, and polarized phenotypes of M1 and M2. Some drugs, such as fingolimod, 3-N-butylphthalide, curcumin, sildenafil, exendin-4, celastrol, omega-3 fatty acids, malibatol A, salidroside, etc., can transfer the polarization from M1 to M2, and may benefit the outcome of ischemic stroke.

Optimization of preparation procedures for nano-sponges of flavonoids fromGlycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on CRITIC weighted evaluation / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, nano-sponges of flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (LF-NSP) were prepared by agitation-freeze drying method. Box-benhnken design and response surface method based on the single factor experiment was used to optimize the preparation process, with the stirring temperature as well as stirring time and speed as the independent variables, while with drug loading, particle size and the generalized "normalized value" as the response values. In addition, the nano-sponges were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), infraredspectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and its release in vitro was also investigated. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions for glycyrrhizin nano-sponges were as follows：The proportion of main drug and auxiliary drug was 1:2; the proportion of crosslinking agent DPC and β-CD was 4:1; stirring temperature 45 °C for 4.8 h at 245 r·min⁻¹. The comprehensive score of LF-NSP prepared under these conditions was 94.78. FT-IR and DSC results indicated the formation of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano-sponges, and SEM showed that they were spherical particles in shape. In release experiment in vitro, the cumulative release of glycyrrhizin flavonoids nano-sponges for 240 min was 81.8%, while that of crude drug was only 31.5%. Nano-sponges can significantly improve the dissolution of flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.

Effect of tempol on NF-κB signaling pathway in the rat model of myocardial hypertrophy / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol (tempol) on NF-κB signaling pathway of myocardial hypertrophy in rats. Methods The rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by intraperitoneal injection of isoprenaline (ISO) (5 mg/kg, twice per day, 2 weeks). A total of 42 male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including the control group, myocardial hypertrophy model group (ISO + sterile saline) and tempol treatment group (ISO + tempol) [tempol 100 mg/ (kg·d), 8 weeks]. Eight weeks after the corresponding drug intervention, the heart weight index (HWI) and left ventricular weight index (LVWI) were determined. Morphology and fibrosis of the myocardium were observed by HE staining, and the myocardial fibrosis of the rats was observed by Masson staining. The mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the rat myocardial tissues were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of IκBα, p-p65 and p65 were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the HWI and LVMI, mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and expression of p-p65/p65 in the model group were significantly increased (P＜ 0. 05), while the expression level of IκBα, an NF-κB inhibitory protein was significantly decreased (P＜0. 05). The pathological examination of the myocardial tissues showed thickening and disordered arrangement of myocardial fibers, and increased cross-sectional area of the myocardial fibers. The pathology by Masson staining showed aggravated myocardial fibrosis and increased collagen fibers in the myocardial interstitium. Compared with the model group, the HWI and LVMI, the mRNA levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and the expression of p- p65/p65 of the tempol group were significantly decreased (P＜ 0. 05), while the expression level of IκBα was significantly increased (P＜ 0. 05). HE staining showed that the degrees of myocardial disarrangement and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy were decreased. Meanwhile, Masson staining showed that the extent of myocardial fibrosis was reduced, and the interstitial collagen fibers were decreased. Conclusions Tempol can improve the isoprenaline-induced myocardial hypertrophy, which may be closely related with the inhibition of the activity of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Effect of MiR-1264 on the proliferation and migration of Hep2 cell line / 医学研究生学报

Objective Previous study shows that the expression of mir-1264 is down-regulated in laryngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-1264 on the biological function of laryngeal carcinoma Hep2 cells and verify whether miR-1264 could down-regulate the expression of tumor suppressor gene la-ryngeal carcinoma related gene 1(LCRG1)in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the miR-1264 expression in human laryngeal cancer tissues. There are three groups in the experiment:miR-1264 mimic/inhibitor group,mimic/inhibitor NC group and untransfected group. MTT and Transwell were applied to observe the effect of miR-1264 on the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells. Luciferase experiment was used to verify the combination of miR-1264 and LCRG1 3'UTR.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test the expression of miR-1264 and LCRG1 protein respectively. Results Compared with the adjacent laryngeal tissue,miR-1264 expression in human laryn-geal cancer tissues was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with NC control group and blank group,the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells were significantly enhanced after they were transiently transfected with miR-1264 mimic(P<0.05);however,after Hep2 cells were transiently transfected with miR-1264 inhibitor,their proliferation,migration and invasion ca-pabilities were significantly inhibited(P<0.05). Luciferase experiment showed miR-1264 mimic could significantly decrease LCRG1 3'UTR luciferase activity,which was of statistical significance. After the verification of successful transient transfection,the results of further Western blot on LCRG1 protein expression showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the mimic NC control group as well as the blank group(P>0.05). Conclusion miR-1264 is highly expressed in laryngeal cancer tissues. Though miR-1264 may not participate in down-regulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene LCRG1 in laryngeal carcino-ma,it can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells.

Lumbopelvic Fixation and Sacral Decompression for U-shaped Sacral Fractures: Surgical Management and Early Outcome / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

U-shaped sacral fractures are rare and often difficult to diagnose primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate imaging and the severe associated injuries.These fractures are highly unstable and frequently cause neurological deficits.The majority of surgeons have limited experience in management of U-shaped sacral fractures.No standard treatment protocol for U-shaped sacral fractures has been available till now.This study aimed to examine the management of U-shaped sacral fractures and the early outcomes.Clinical data of 15 consecutive patients with U-shaped sacral fracture who were admitted to our trauma center between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Demographics,fracture classification,mechanism of injury and operative treatment and deformity angle were assessed.All the patients were treated with lumbopelvic fixation or (and) sacral decompression.EQ-5d score was applied to evaluate the patients' quality of life.Of the 15 consecutive patients with U-shaped sacral fracture,the mean age was 28.8 years (range:15-55 years) at the time of injury.There were 6 females and 9 males.The mean followup time was 22.7 months (range:9-47 months) and mean full weight-bearing time was 9.9 weeks (range:8-14 weeks).Ten patients received lumbopelvic fixation and sacral decompression,one lombosacral fixation,and 4 merely sacral decompression due to delayed diagnosis or surgery.The post-operation deformity angle (mean 27.87°,and range:8°-90°) of the sacrum was smaller than that pre-operation (mean 35.67;range:15-90) with no significance difference noted.At the latest follow-up,all patients obtained neurological recovery with different extents.Visual analogue score (VAS) was reduced from preoperative 7.07 (range:5-9) to postoperetive 1.93 (range:1-3).All patients could walk without any aid after treatment.Eight patients were able to care for themselves and undertook some daily activities.Five patients had returned to work full time.In conclusion,lumbopelvic fixation is an effective method for stabilization of U-shaped sacral fractures with fewer complications developed.Effective reduction and firm fixation are the prerequisite of early mobilization and neurological recovery.Sacral decompression effectively promotes neurological recovery even in patients with old U-shaped sacral fractures.

Lumbopelvic Fixation and Sacral Decompression for U-shaped Sacral Fractures: Surgical Management and Early Outcome / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

U-shaped sacral fractures are rare and often difficult to diagnose primarily due to the difficulty in obtaining adequate imaging and the severe associated injuries.These fractures are highly unstable and frequently cause neurological deficits.The majority of surgeons have limited experience in management of U-shaped sacral fractures.No standard treatment protocol for U-shaped sacral fractures has been available till now.This study aimed to examine the management of U-shaped sacral fractures and the early outcomes.Clinical data of 15 consecutive patients with U-shaped sacral fracture who were admitted to our trauma center between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Demographics,fracture classification,mechanism of injury and operative treatment and deformity angle were assessed.All the patients were treated with lumbopelvic fixation or (and) sacral decompression.EQ-5d score was applied to evaluate the patients' quality of life.Of the 15 consecutive patients with U-shaped sacral fracture,the mean age was 28.8 years (range:15-55 years) at the time of injury.There were 6 females and 9 males.The mean followup time was 22.7 months (range:9-47 months) and mean full weight-bearing time was 9.9 weeks (range:8-14 weeks).Ten patients received lumbopelvic fixation and sacral decompression,one lombosacral fixation,and 4 merely sacral decompression due to delayed diagnosis or surgery.The post-operation deformity angle (mean 27.87°,and range:8°-90°) of the sacrum was smaller than that pre-operation (mean 35.67;range:15-90) with no significance difference noted.At the latest follow-up,all patients obtained neurological recovery with different extents.Visual analogue score (VAS) was reduced from preoperative 7.07 (range:5-9) to postoperetive 1.93 (range:1-3).All patients could walk without any aid after treatment.Eight patients were able to care for themselves and undertook some daily activities.Five patients had returned to work full time.In conclusion,lumbopelvic fixation is an effective method for stabilization of U-shaped sacral fractures with fewer complications developed.Effective reduction and firm fixation are the prerequisite of early mobilization and neurological recovery.Sacral decompression effectively promotes neurological recovery even in patients with old U-shaped sacral fractures.

Risk factors analysis on wound complications after closed calcaneal frature operation using lateral extensive L-shaped incision / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of wound complications after closed calcaneal fracture operation using a lateral extensive L-shaped incision and to explore the effective interventions to reduce the complications after incision.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 285 patients(315 calcaneal fractures) who underwent open reduction and internal fixation by using the lateral extensive L-shaped incision from January 2011 to January 2015. Eighteen factors which might cause the complications of calcaneal incision were compared by univariate analysis, and multiple Logistic regression analysis was performed for factors with statistically significances.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-nine patients(30 calcaneus) had wound complications among all the 285 patients(315 calcaneus) after surgery, including 9 patients with incision redness, swelling, oozing or nonunion;16 patients with skin necrosis or incision rupture, 3 patients with soft tissue superficial infection, and 2 patients with osteomyelitis. Univariate analysis showed that fall height(=0.017), diabetes (=0.026), smoking(=0.001), and operative time(=0.003) were correlated with incision complications after surgery. Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes(=0.029), smoking(<0.001), and operative time(=0.018) were risk factors for incision complications after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Preoperative smoking cessation, actively control of blood glucose and shortening the operation time by practicing can effectively reduce the incision complication after fracture surgery with the lateral extensive L-shaped incision.</p>

Advances in research on pericolonic tumor deposits in colorectal cancer / 国际外科学杂志

It has been a problem in clinical practice that recurrence and distant metastasis of patients with colorectal cancer undergoing surgery.Recently,pericolonic tumor deposits has attracted extensive attention of scholars,and they think pericolonic tumor deposits may be closely related with colorectal cancer postoperative recurrence and metastasis.This review aims to introduce concept of pericolonic tumor deposits,pathological characteristics and its important role in clinical staging and prognosis,so as to provide clinical doctors medical advice to set more reasonable treatment and achieve the purpose of reducing tumor recurrence or metastasis for patients with colorectal cancer.

One-stage surgical treatment for thoracic and lumbar Spinal tuberculosis by transpedicular fixation, debridement, and combined interbody and posterior fusion via a posterior-only approach / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

This study examined the clinical outcomes of one-stage surgical treatment for patients with spinal tuberculosis via a posterior-only approach. Twenty-four patients with thoracic or lumbar spinal tuberculosis whose lesions were confined to adjacent segments were admitted to our hospital and treated. The American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale was used to assess the neurological function. All patients were treated with one-stage surgical treatment via a posterior-only approach. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores and oswestry disability index (ODI) of nerve function. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by measurement of spinal deformity using Cobb angle and radiological examination. All the patients were followed up for 13 to 27 months. They had significantly postoperative improvement in JOA score, ODI and ASIA classification scores. The kyphotic angles were significantly corrected and maintained at the final follow-up. Bone fusion was achieved within 4-12 months. It was concluded that one-stage surgical treatment via a posterior-only approach is effective and feasible for the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.

Vasorelaxation effect of gastrodin on isolated thoracic aorta rings of rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of gastrodin on isolated thoracic aorta rings of rats and to investigate the potential mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A perfusion model of isolated thoracic aorta rings of rats was applied. The effect of cumulative gastrodin (5, 50, 100,150, 200, and 250 μmol/L) on endothelium-intact aorta rings was investigated. The same procedure was applied to observe the effect of gastrodin on endothelium-intact/denuded aorta rings pre-contracted with 10(-6) mol/L phenylephrine hydrochloride (PE). The aorta rings incubated by 200 mmol/L gastrodin in the Ca(2+)-free (K-H) solution was contracted by using PE. The effect of 200 mmol/L gastrodin on endothelium-denuded aorta rings pre-contracted with 60 mmol/L KCl was also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the denuded gastrodin group, the intact gastrodin group could significantly relax the PE-contracted aorta rings (P<0.01). In Ca(2+)-free (K-H) solution KHS, the PE-induced contraction rate of aorta rings pre-incubated by gastrodin was 6.5%±0.7%, which was significantly less than the control group (11.8%±0.9%,P<0.01). However, after 3 mmol/L CaCl2 was added, the Ca(2+)-induced contraction in the gastrodin group (51.7%±2.4%) was similar to that in the control group (49.8%±2.8%). The contractile rate of rings in the KCl-contracted gastrodin group (96.3%±0.6%) was not significantly different from that in the control group (96.8%±1.2%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gastrodin has the effect of vasorelaxation on isolated thoracic aorta rings of rats. The mechanism of the vasorelaxation of gastrodin may mainly work through the inhibition of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphosphate receptor on the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the arterial smooth muscle, which leads to the reduction of the Ca(2+) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.</p>

Differential expression profiles of microRNAs/mRNA and docking study in oral squamous cell carcinoma / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct and analyze the differential expression profiles of microRNAs (miRNA) and mRNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To explore the miRNA and mRNA of OSCC development and progression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA were built by high-throughput deep sequencing technology. Using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, the roles of differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-seven differentially expressed miRNA and 1 298 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in OSCC. GO analysis showed that 73 miRNA had found target mRNA in cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell apoptosis of OSCC. Moreover, a miRNA could regulate multiple mRNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The differential expression profiles of miRNA and mRNA have close relationship with the development and progression of OSCC.</p>

An evaluation of intervention effectiveness of a health education project on iodine deficiency disorders in Xi’an from 2007 - 2011 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To find out the cognition understanding of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) of target population in Xi’an City, and evaluate the effectiveness of a health education project on prevention and control of IDD. Methods By using the random number table, three towns in each project county were selected. Obeying the requirements of the education program for IDD control, the health education activities were implemented during 2007 - 2011. Before and after intervention, questionnaire was used to investigate the intervention effect. The primary school grade 5 students and women of childbearing age were included in the survey of IDD knowledge. Hierarchical random sampling method was used to select pupils and childbearing women. Results After health education, the rate of knowledge on IDD increased from 66.97%(13 321/19 890) to 93.49%(18 610/19 905,χ2 = 4 413.07, P < 0.05) among pupils, and 62.27%(6 193/9 945) to 93.96%(9 361/ 9 963, χ2= 2 924.18, P<0.05) among childbearing women. And the awareness had reached the national standard. But the survey results showed that: the rate of IDD related knowledge in rural areas was lower than that in town areas. The awareness rates of IDD in precaution, main hazards, identification of iodized salt were 46.50%(239/514), 55.25%(284/514) and 50.97%(262/514) among pupils in rural areas and 61.44%(376/612), 65.69%(402/612) and 70.59%(432/612) among pupils in town areas, and the awareness rates of pupils in rural areas were lower than those of pupils in town areas. Thirty-six point ninety-three per cent(226/612) of the pupils in towns and 35.60%(183/514) of the pupils in rural areas told this information to their parents. The awareness rates of IDD in precaution, main hazards, IDD prevention day were 49.25%(197/400), 50.75%(203/400) and 36.50%(146/400) among women in rural areas and 75.44%(298/395), 80.25%(317/395) and 57.97%(229/395) among women in town areas, and the rates of women in rural areas were lower than those of women in town areas. The rate of consciously purchasing of qualified iodized salt was 51.75%(207/400) and the consumption rate of iodized salt was 36.75%(147/400) among women in rural areas, which were 73.42%(290/395) and 43.80%(173/395) among women in town areas, and the rates in rural areas were lower than those in town areas. Conclusions Before health education of IDD, the rate of IDD related knowledge in Xi’an City is poor, rural areas are lower than town areas. Health education project is effective in promoting the understanding and grasp of IDD knowledge.

Small interfering RNA targeting Apollon enhances the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Apollon in enhancing the chemosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HCC cells transfected with the siRNA targeting Apollon were tested for Apollon protein expression using Western blotting. MTT assay and ELISA were used to evaluate the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells transfected with siRNA after exposure to 5-FU or adriamycin.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Apollon siRNA obviously down-regulated Apollon protein expression in HCC cells. The siRNA-mediated suppression of Apollon expression resulted in a marked inhibition of cell growth and increased apoptotic rate of HCC cells, and enhanced both the growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Apollon siRNA can enhance the chemosensitivity of HCC cells to the chemotherapeutic drugs. Apollon can be a potentially important and feasible therapeutic target for HCC.</p>

Clinical observation on the modified external fixation with splints for double fractures of forearm in children / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the advantages of conservative treatment for trauma of children,and evaluate effect of external fixation for the treatment of double fractures of forearm.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2007 to June 2008, 52 patients with double fractures of forearm were treated with manipulative reduction and modified external fixation by splints. Among them, 33 males and 19 females,the age was from 4 to 15 years with an average of 8.6 years. The course of disease was from 1 hour to 7 days. All patients had a definite history of trauma, and pre-treatment X-ray film showed double fracture of ulna and radius.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 6 to 14 months with an average of 9.4 months. All fractures healed and the healing time was from 4 to 8 weeks with an average of 6 weeks. The clinical effect was evaluated according to Berton criteria, 37 cases obtained excellent result, 15 good.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Strict choose indication of conservative treatment can obtain satisfied effect in treating double fractures of forearm in children. The method has advantages of safe operation, less injury, cheap expense, which can well obtain functional rehabilitation of patients.</p>

Analysis on monitoring results of Kaschin-Beck disease in Xi'an City in 2007 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the status of Kachin-Beck diseage(KBD)in Xi'an and provide a scientific basis for decision-making in controlling the disease.Methods According to original disease data of KBD,children aged 7 to 12 were chosen to receive clinical and X-ray examination according to the KBD monitoring standard stipulated by the government in 6 villages of 3 countries in Xi'an.The local adults were elinically diagnosed and divided into different groups according to the clinical degrees and their ages.Resuhs Among 373 schod children who had clinical examinations,15 early cases were detected,and the detectable rate was 4.02%(15/373);Among 325 school childrenundergoning by X-ray,1 case was detected,and the detectable rate was 0.31%(1/325).In 5630 adults clinically tested,1402 patients were detected,the detectable rate was 24.90%(1402/5630).The patients distributed mainly in the population aged above 36 years old.Conclusions The situation of KBD control is still serious in Xi'an city.KBD monitoring and health education should be carried on.Furdher Tesearch on treatment methods and drug therapy should be performed.