ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To explore the mode of pharmaceutical care for oral medication of tumor patients with dysphagia by clinical pharmacists ，so as to promote clinical rational and safe drug use. METHODS ：Based on typical cases ，the problems existing in the oral medication of tumor patients with dysphagia were analyzed ，and the medication guidance and pharmaceutical care given by clinical pharmacists were expounded. RESULTS ：Clinical pharmacists found that tumor patients with dysphagia had some problems during oral medication ，such as improper administration position ，tube feeding of slow-controlled release preparations after opening the capsule ，limited administration route ，biting cytotoxic drugs ，unknown solubility of targeted drugs ，interaction of multiple drugs. In view of the above problems ，clinical pharmacists assisted physicians and nursing staff to provide pharmaceutical care to patients in combination with the patient ’s disease characteristics ，pharmacy，pharmacokinetics，pharmacodynamics，drug solubility，drug interaction and other factors ，such as skillfully using appropriate drug delivery location and mode ，using local drug delivery mode ，selecting appropriate dosage form based on pharmaceutical knowledge （the characteristics of new dosage form ）， guiding patients to use drugs correctly by being familiar with the characteristics of cytotoxic drugs and targeted drugs ，paying attention to potential drug interactions and guiding nurses to use drugs correctly. The situation of improper medication was improved. CONCLUSIONS ：Clinical pharmacists should participate in clinical therapy actively ，and make appropriate interventions with professional knowledge of pharmacy so as to promote the correct use of oral medication for tumor patients with dysphagia.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the change and significance of follicular helper T cells (Tfh) percentage in the peripheral blood of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The RA patients treated in this hospital from September to November 2016 were selected and divided into the RA active group and RA stable group,35 cases in each group.Contemporaneous 35 individuals undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group.The percentage of peripheral blood CD4+ CXCR5+ ICOS+ Tfh cells was detected by flow cytometry.The correlations between the percentage of peripheral blood Tfh cells in RA patients with the RA disease activity score 28 (DAS28),anti-CCP antibody and rheumatoid factor(RF) levels were analyzed.Results The percentage of peripheral blood Tfh cells in the RA active group was (0.84±0.16) ％,which was significantly higher than (0.64±0.15)％ in the RA stable group and (0.56±0.14)％ in the healthy control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01);moreover the percentage of peripheral blood Tfh cells in the RA stable group was also higher than that in the healthy control group (P＜0.05).The percentage of peripheral blood Tfh cells in RA patients had significantly positive correlation with DAS28 score and anti-CCP antibody level (r=0.355,0.324;P＜0.01),and had no correlation with the RF level (r=0.205,P＞0.05).Conclusion The percentage increase of peripheral blood Tfh cells in the patients with RA might be related with the pathogenesis and development of RA.
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Objective To investigate the inhibiton effect of 4‐styrenesulfonic acid‐co‐maleic acid(PSM ) in HIV‐1 .Methods The inhibition effect of different doses of PSM on HIV‐1 in susceptible cells GHOST (3) X4/Hi5 was observed by Luciferase ,and so did the inhibitory effect of PSM on JR‐FL、HXB2、CNE6 ,CNE30 ,CNE50 ,CNE55 .The cellular toxicity of PSM on the VK2/E6E7 was also evaluated by CCK8 kit .The transcript level of tight junction proteins (ZO‐1 ,E‐cadherin and Occludin) of HEC‐1‐A were analyzed by qRT‐PCR .And then observed the effect of PSM on expression of genitourinary epithelial cells HEC‐1‐A ,so we could e‐valuated the effect of integrity of local mucosal indirectly .Results The results showed that PSM exhibited potent antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of HIV‐1 major isolates with different genotypes and biotypes (EC50 value of JR‐FL ,HXB2 ,CNE6 , CNE30 ,CNE50 ,CNE55 were 5 .78 ,0 .77 ,1 .85 ,3 .15 ,1 .70 ,2 .27 μg/mL respectively) .Meanwhile ,it had less cytotoxicity on VK2/E6E7 .qRT‐PCR showed that no obvious restrain effect on expression of ZO‐1 was observed and PSM increased the level of tran‐scription of E‐cadherin and Occludin .Conclusion PSM may be a potential agent for the prevention of HIV‐1 infection .