ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Materials and methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of pre-conception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring's body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring's total lean mass (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (β = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (β = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring's BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring's ASMI (β = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (β = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.
ABSTRACT
Aims: This research aims to determine the epidemiology and the spatial distribution of intestinal parasitosis in the city of Teresina, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the data of parasitological fecal exams performed in the Laboratory Raul Bacelar between January, 2014 and July, 2017. In addition to the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis and polyparasitism, we verified the association of these diseases with gender, zone and period of the year by means of the chi-squared test, whereas the relation with age was analyzed by the Mann-Kendall tests and multiple comparisons of age classes. The spatial distribution was performed using the QGIS georeferencing software. Results: The prevalence of enteroparasitosis in Teresina was 17.8% with Ascaris lumbricoides being the most common species. The prevalence of individuals with polyparasitism was 3.1%, in which an association between the species Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar was found. There was no relation between intestinal parasitosis with gender, but we verified that individuals in rural areas were more susceptible to these diseases. The species Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica/dispar occured more frequently in the first and second semester, respectively. We observed that there was an apparent tendency to increase cases of Entamoeba histolytica/dispar and reduction of cases of Giardia sp. according to aging. Mapping intestinal parasitosis showed us that there was a prevalence between 1 and 20% in most of Teresina's neighborhoods, and Ascariasis embodies at least 40% of cases of enteroparasitosis in these neighborhoods. Conclusions: Investments in basic sanitation and new epidemiological investigations must be carried out to control intestinal parasitosis in Teresina, emphasizing that children and the elderly should be considered priority groups in these programs
Objetivo: Determinar a epidemiologia e a distribuição espacial das parasitoses intestinais no município de Teresina, Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base nos resultados dos exames parasitológicos de fezes executados no laboratório Raul Bacelar, entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2017. Além da prevalência de parasitoses intestinais e de poliparasitismo, verificou-se a associação destas doenças com sexo, zona e período do ano, por meio do teste do qui-quadrado, enquanto a relação com a idade foi analisada pelos testes de Mann-Kendall e comparações múltiplas de faixas etárias. A distribuição espacial foi realizada utilizando o software de georreferenciamento QGIS. Resultados: A prevalência de enteroparasitoses em Teresina foi de 17,8%, sendo Ascaris lumbricoides a espécie mais comum. A prevalência de indivíduos com poliparasitismo foi de 3,1%, na qual foi encontrada uma associação entre as espécies Entamoeba coli e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar. Não houve relação entre parasitoses intestinais e sexo, mas verificou-se que indivíduos na zona rural foram mais suscetíveis a essas doenças. As espécies Ascaris lumbricoides e Entamoeba histolytica/dispar ocorreram com maior frequência, respectivamente, no primeiro e no segundo semestre. Observou-se que houve aparente tendência de aumento de casos de E. histolytica/dispar e de redução de casos de Giardia sp. de acordo com o envelhecimento. O mapeamento das parasitoses intestinais demostrou que houve uma prevalência entre 1 e 20% na maioria dos bairros de Teresina, e a ascaridíase representou pelo menos 40% dos casos de enteroparasitose nesses bairros. Conclusões: Investimentos em saneamento básico e novas investigações epidemiológicas devem ser realizados para o controle das parasitoses intestinais em Teresina, enfatizando que crianças e idosos devem ser considerados grupos prioritários nessas ações.