ABSTRACT
Objetivo. Presentar los resultados de la carga de enfermedad en México de 1990 a 2010 para las principales enfermedades, lesiones y factores de riesgo, por sexo. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis secundario del estudio de la carga mundial de la enfermedad 2010. Resultados. En 2010 se perdieron 26.2 millones de años de vida saludable (AVISA), 56% en hombres y 44% en mujeres. Las principales causas de AVISA en hombres fueron violencia, cardiopatía isquémica y los accidentes de tránsito. En las mujeres fueron la diabetes, la enfermedad renal crónica y la cardiopatía isquémica. Los trastornos mentales y musculoesqueléticos concentran 18% de la carga. Los factores de riesgo que más afectan a los hombres son sobrepeso/obesidad; niveles de glucosa en sangre y de presión arterial elevados; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco (35.6% de AVISA perdidos). En las mujeres, el sobrepeso y la obesidad; glucosa elevada; hipertensión arterial; baja actividad física; y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco fueron responsables de 40% de los AVISA perdidos; en ambos sexos, la dieta contribuye con 12% de la carga. Conclusiones. El panorama epidemiológico en México demanda una urgente adecuación y modernización del sistema de salud.
Objective. To present the results of the burden of disease, injuries and risk factors in Mexico from 1990 to 2010 for the principal illnesses, injuries and risk factors by sex. Materials and methods. A secondary analysis of the study results published by the Global Burden of Disease 2010 for Mexico performed by IHME. Results. In 2010, Mexico lost 26.2 million of Disability adjusted live years (DALYs), 56 % were in male and 44 % in women. The main causes of DALYs in men are violence, ischemic heart disease and road traffic injuries. In the case of women the leading causes are diabetes, chronic kidney disease and ischemic heart diseases. The mental disorders and musculoskeletal conditions concentrate 18% of health lost. The risk factors that most affect men in Mexico are: alcohol consumption, overweight/obesity, high blood glucose levels and blood pressure and tobacco consumption (35.6 % of DALYs lost). In women, overweight and obesity, high blood sugar and blood pressure, lack of physical activity and consumption of alcohol are responsible for 40 % of DALYs lost. In both sexes the problems with diet contribute 12% of the burden. Conclusions. The epidemiological situation in Mexico, demands an urgent adaptation and modernization of the health system.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Cost of Illness , Delivery of Health Care , Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology , Cause of Death , Disabled Persons , Life Expectancy , Mexico/epidemiology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo. Presentar de qué manera el ajuste de los datos incompletos y de laclasificación errónea de las causas de muerte registradas en el sistema del registro civil puede ayudar a estimar los riesgos de mortalidad debida a las principales causas de muerte en el nordeste del Brasil. Métodos. Después de calcular el número total de defunciones por edad y sexo en el nordeste del Brasil entre 2002 y 2004 mediante la corrección del subregistro de los datos del registro civil, se aplicaron algoritmos de ajuste a la estructura de las causas de defunción notificadas. Las tasas de mortalidad promedio anuales estandarizadaspor edades se calcularon según la causa, con y sin las correcciones, y se compararon con las tasas de mortalidad de la región meridional del Brasil después de efectuar un ajuste de los posibles diagnósticos erróneos.Resultados. Las tasas de mortalidad debidas a cardiopatía isquémica, infecciones de las vías respiratorias inferiores, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y enfermedades perinatales fueron más de 100% mayores para ambos sexos quelas sugeridas por los datos habituales del registro civil. Las tasas de mortalidad corregidas por causa específica fueron mayores en la región del nordeste que en la región meridional para la mayoría de las causas de muerte, incluso para varias enfermedades no transmisibles.Conclusiones. La falta de ajuste de los datos del registro civil para compensarel subregistro de los casos notificados y los diagnósticos erróneos ocasionará una subestimación del riesgo de mortalidad para las poblaciones de la región del nordeste, más vulnerables que las de otras regiones del país. Para comprender de manera más fiable el patrón de las enfermedades, en las poblaciones pobres deben ajustarse todas las tasas de mortalidad por causa específica.
Objective. To present how the adjustment of incompleteness and misclassification of causesof death in the vital registration (VR) system can contribute to more accurate estimates of the risk of mortality from leading causes of death in northeastern Brazil. Methods. After estimating the total numbers of deaths by age and sex in Brazils Northeast region in 20022004 by correcting for undercount in the VR data, adjustment algorithms were applied to the reported cause-of-death structure. Average anual age-standardized mortality rates were computed by cause, with and without the corrections, and compared to deathrates for Brazils South region after adjustments for potential misdiagnosis.Results. Death rates from ischemic heart disease, lower respiratory infections, chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, and perinatal conditions were more than 100% higher for both sexes than what was suggested by the routine VR data. Corrected cause-specific mortalityrates were higher in the Northeast region versus the South region for the majority of causes of death, including several noncommunicable conditions.Conclusions. Failure to adjust VR data for undercount of cases reported and misdiagnoses will cause underestimation of mortality risks for the populations of the Northeast region,which are more vulnerable than those in other regions of the country. In order to more reliably understand the pattern of disease, all cause-specific mortality rates in poor populations should be adjusted.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cause of Death/trends , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mortality/trendsABSTRACT
Reliable, comparable information about the main causes of disease and injury in populations, and how these are changing, is a critical input for debates about priorities in the health sector. Traditional sources of information about the descriptive epidemiology of diseases, injuries and risk factors are generally incomplete, fragmented and of uncertain reliability and comparability. Lack of a standardized measurement framework to permit comparisons across diseases and injuries, as well as risk factors, and failure to systematically evaluate data quality have impeded comparative analyses of the true public health importance of various conditions and risk factors. As a consequence the impact of major conditions and hazards on population health has been poorly appreciated, often leading to a lack of public health investment. Global disease and risk factor quantification improved dramatically in the early 1990s with the completion of the first Global Burden of Disease Study. For the first time, the comparative importance of over 100 diseases and injuries, and ten major risk factors, for global and regional health status could be assessed using a common metric (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) which simultaneously accounted for both premature mortality and the prevalence, duration and severity of the non-fatal consequences of disease and injury. As a consequence, mental health conditions and injuries, for which non-fatal outcomes are of particular significance, were identified as being among the leading causes of disease/injury burden worldwide, with clear implications for policy, particularly prevention. A major achievement of the Study was the complete global descriptive epidemiology, including incidence, prevalence and mortality, by age, sex and Region, of over 100 diseases and injuries. National applications, further methodological research and an increase in data availability have led to improved national, regional and global estimates for 2000, but substantial uncertainty around the disease burden caused by major conditions, including, HIV, remains. The rapid implementation of cost-effective data collection systems in developing countries is a key priority if global public policy to promote health is to be more effectively informed.
Subject(s)
Data Collection , Epidemiology , Information Dissemination , Health Information Exchange , Public Health , Use of Scientific Information for Health Decision MakingABSTRACT
Improved global health monitoring requires new technologies and methods, strengthened national capacity, norms and standards, and gold standard global reporting. The World Health Organization's many functions limit its capacity for global reporting, and a new global health monitoring organisation is needed to provide independent gold standard health information to the world.