ABSTRACT
An ecological pilot project for the control of Triatoma dimidiata allowed a new evaluation four and five years after environmental modifications in the peridomestic areas of 20 households. It was verified that the two groups of houses, 10 case-houses and 10 control-houses, were free of insects after those periods of time. In the first group, the owners started a chicken coop in the backyard and a colony of bugs was found there without infesting the house. In the second group, the inhabitants of one house once again facilitated the conditions for the bugs to thrive in the same store room, reaffirming that man-made ecotopes facilitates colonization. This ecological control method was revealed to be reliable and sustainable and it is recommended to be applied to those situations where the vectors of Chagas disease can colonize houses and are frequent in wild ecotopes.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Insect Control/methods , Triatoma , Costa Rica , Chagas Disease/prevention & control , Housing , Pilot Projects , Triatoma/parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
O hábito alimentar dos culicídeos foi estudado através da técnica de precipitina. As coletas foram realizadas no km 52 da rodovia Transpantaneira (MT-060), a 65km da sede do município de Poconé (MT). Bimestralmente, de dezembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2003, foram realizadas capturas em armadilha Shannon e CDC automática à base de CO2 das 15:00h às 21:00h. Foram utilizados os seguintes anti-soros: ave, roedor, humano, cavalo, boi, capivara e sapo. Das 2.134 fêmeas capturadas, 1.946 (92,2 por cento) foram coletadas em armadilha de Shannon e 188 (8,8 por cento) em armadilha CDC. Desse total, 276 fêmeas (13,0 por cento) estavam ingurgitadas e próprias para o teste de precipitina, sendo 235 (85,1 por cento) coletadas em armadilha de Shannon e 41 (14,9 por cento) em CDC. Verificou-se que 84,2 por cento dos espécimes analisados reagiram para uma fonte alimentar e 15,8 por cento para duas fontes. As espécies Mansonia titillans (Walker), Culex nigripalpus (Theobald), Aedeomyia squamipennis (Theobald) e Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu) foram as mais freqüentes e reagiram para todos os anti-soros. Os anofelinos Anopheles albitarsis (Lynch-Arribalzaga), An. matogrossensis (Lutz & Neiva) e An. triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), com poucos espécimes, reagiram para cinco anti-soros. As demais espécies apresentaram positividade que variou de três a seis anti-soros. As estimativas do índice alimentar (feeding index) revelaram resultados positivos para oito espécies de culicídeos, destas cinco apresentaram preferência marcante para o hospedeiro capivara.
The feeding habits of culicids were studied by means of the precipitin technique. The collections were made the Trans-Pantanal highway (MT-060- km 52), at 65 km from the main settlement of the municipality of Poconé, MT, every other month, from December 2002 to December 2003. Trapping was performed using Shannon traps and CDC automatic CO2-based traps from 3:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. The following antisera were utilized: bird, rodent, human, horse, cattle, capybara and toad. Of the 2,134 females captured, 1,946 (92,2 percent) were collected in Shannon traps and 188 (8,8 percent) in CDC traps. Among these totals, 276 females (13,0 percent) were engorged and suitable for the precipitin test, of which 235 (85,1 percent) were collected in Shannon traps and 41 (14,9 percent) in CDC traps. It was found that 84.2 percent of the specimens analyzed reacted to one food source and 15.8 percent to two sources. Mansonia titillans (Walker), Culex nigripalpus (Theobald), Aedeomyia squamipennis (Lynch-Arribalzaga) and Psorophora albigenu (Peryassu) were the most frequently found species, and reacted to all the antisera. On the other hand, few specimens of the anophelines, Anopheles albitarsis (Lynch-Arribalzaga), An. matogrossensis (Lutz & Neiva) and An. triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), reacted to five antisera. The other species were positive to three up to six antisera. The estimate of the feeding index revealed positive results for eight species, of these five they presented outstanding preference for the host capybara.
Subject(s)
Appetitive Behavior , Culicidae , Feeding Behavior , Precipitin TestsABSTRACT
Precipitin tests were performed on blood meals of 199 sand flies (161 Lutzomyia umbratilis, 34 L. spathotrichia, two Lutzomyia of group shannoni, one L. anduzei) in a non-flooded upland forest on the Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas. This is the second largest forest fragment in an urban setting in Brazil. Results on L. umbratilis, which is considered to be the principal leishmaniasis vector in this region, indicated rodents as its predominant blood source in contrast to previous reports in which blood meal analysis indicated that this species fed principally on Xenarthra (particularly sloths).