Environmental influences on the ichthyoplankton in hypersaline estuaries located in a Semiarid Northeastern Brazilian coast

Hypersaline estuaries are commonly found in the Semiarid Northeast Brazilian coast. However, the utilization of these estuaries by early life stages of fishes is less well documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of environmental factors on the ichthyoplankton, and to describe their spatial and temporal variation in two estuaries (Tubarão and Casqueira). The sampling were diurnally in four excursions carried out during two dry-season months (November and December 2017) and two rainy-season months (May and July 2018). A total of 423 larvae representing 30 species (14 families) and 2,762 eggs (five families) were collected. Although the community structures were similar in both estuaries, there was strong seasonal variation, with higher abundances observed during the dry season. Low rainfall was the primary environmental driver affecting ichthyoplankton in both estuaries. Other environmental factors, such as depth, water temperature, and channel width, were also predictor variables for the distribution of eggs and larvae. The ichthyoplankton was dominated by marine estuarine-dependent species in both estuaries, accounting for 76% of individuals. The presence of the early life stages of typically marine species suggests that hypersaline environments provide important nursery areas and play an essential role for some coastal fish species.(AU)

Os estuários hipersalinos são comumente encontrados na região semiárida da costa nordestina brasileira. No entanto, a utilização desses estuários pelos primeiros estágios de vida dos peixes é pouco documentada. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de fatores ambientais sobre o ictioplâncton e descrever sua variação espacial e temporal em dois estuários (Tubarão e Casqueira). As amostragens foram diurnas em quatro excursões realizadas em dois meses da estação seca (novembro e dezembro de 2017) e dois meses da estação chuvosa (maio e julho de 2018). Um total de 423 larvas representando 30 espécies (14 famílias) e 2.762 ovos (cinco famílias) foram coletadas. Embora as estruturas das comunidades fossem semelhantes em ambos os estuários, houve fortes diferenças de variação sazonal, com maiores abundâncias observadas durante a estação seca. A baixa precipitação foi o principal fator ambiental que afetou o ictioplâncton em ambos os estuários. Outros fatores, como profundidade, temperatura da água e largura do canal, também foram preditoras para a distribuição de ovos e larvas. O ictioplâncton foi dominado por espécies marinhas dependentes em ambos os estuários, representando 76% dos indivíduos. A presença de estágios iniciais de espécies tipicamente marinhas sugere que ambientes hipersalinos fornecem áreas de berçário importantes e desempenham um papel essencial para algumas espécies de peixes costeiros.(AU)

Health literacy on depression and suicidal behavior among public secondary teachers in Manila

Background and Objectives@#The daily interactions of teachers with students allow the former to observe behavioral changes in the latter. This can serve as an opportunity to emphasize teachers' role in mental health interventions in the school setting. This study aimed to provide baseline information regarding high school teachers' mental health literacy specifically on the recognition and referral of students with depression and suicidal behavior. @*Methodology@#The study design was descriptive cross-sectional that included 460 high school teachers from a district in the City of Manila. The modified QualisMental Vignette Scale for depression literacy and Adolescent Suicide Behavior Questionnaire for suicide literacy was adapted as assessment tools. @*Results and Conclusion@#Results of the study found that 64% correctly identified depression as a mental health problem in the modified case vignette. The highest proportion of respondents chose 'informing the parents' as their preferred mode of referral system. The teachers had varying levels of knowledge on suicidal behaviors. More mental health literacy interventions focusing on depression and suicide must be conducted among teachers to improve their competency on these topics.

Is there sufficient evidence to justify changes in dietary habits in heart failure patients? A systematic review

The incidence and prevalence of heart failure (HF) is increasing worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality. The global management of HF involves lifestyle changes in addition to pharmacological treatments. Changes include exercise and dietary recommendations, mainly salt and fluid restriction, but without any clear evidence. We conducted a systematic review to analyse the degree of evidence for these dietary recommendations in HF. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT), and observational studies in humans were selected. Studies were considered eligible if they included participants with HF and sodium and/or fluid restriction. Publications in languages other than English or Spanish were excluded. We included 15 studies related to sodium or fluid restriction. Nine RCT and six observational studies showed some improvements in symptoms and quality of life and a degree of reduction in new hospitalizations, but the results are based on limited population groups, applying different methodologies, and with different restriction goals. We found a lack of clear evidence of the benefits of sodium/fluid restriction in chronic HF. The evidence is limited to few studies with conflicting results. Randomized clinical trials are needed to fill this gap in our knowledge.

Densidad vascular/de perfusión en dos protocolos de angiotomografía de coherencia óptica ¿Intercambiables? / Vessel/ perfusion density in two optical coherence tomography angiography protocols. Interchangeable?

Resumen Introducción: Distintos protocolos de angiotomografía de coherencia óptica evalúan la mácula. Objetivo: R2) entre las densidades vascular y de perfusión de dos protocolos de angiotomografía de coherencia óptica, para determinar si sus mediciones podían intercambiarse. Método: Estudio observacional, comparativo, prospectivo, transversal entre dos protocolos de angiotomografía de coherencia óptica (AngioPlex, Zeiss) en sujetos sanos. Se identificó la R2 entre las densidades vascular y de perfusión central, interna y completa (protocolo de 3 x 3 mm), y central, interna, externa y completa (protocolo de 6 x 6 mm). Resultados: 78 ojos, mediana de edad 23 años. Hubo R2 altas entre las densidades interna y completa del protocolo de 3 x 3 mm (0.96), externa y completa del de 6 x 6 mm (0.96), y centrales vasculares y de perfusión (≥ 0.96); la R2 entre las densidades centrales vascular y de perfusión de distintos protocolos fue ≤ 0.71. Conclusiones: Las densidades vasculares y de perfusión tienen R2 alta dentro de un protocolo, pero no entre protocolos, porque estos miden preferentemente zonas distintas, lo cual limita intercambiar mediciones.

Abstract Introduction: Different optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scanning protocols evaluate the macula. Objective: To compare the determination coefficients (R2) between vessel and perfusion densities of two OCTA scanning protocols, to learn whether their metrics could be interchanged. Method: Non-experimental, comparative, prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, between two OCTA scanning protocols (Angioplex, Zeiss) in healthy subjects. We found the R2 between central, inner, and full densities (3 x 3 mm protocol), and between central, inner, outer and full densities (6 x 6 mm protocol), both for vessel and perfusion densities. Results: 78 eyes, median age 23 years. There were high R2 between inner and full densities in the 3 x 3 mm protocol (0.96), between outer and full densities in the 6 x 6 mm protocol (0.96) and between central vessel and perfusion densities (≥0.96); R2 between central vessel and perfusion densities of different protocols (≤0.71). Conclusions: Vessel and perfusion densities have high determination coefficients within a scanning protocol, but not between protocols, because each preferentially measures different macular areas. The metrics of different protocols should not be interchanged for follow-up.

Early life history of the Caribbean coral Orbicella faveolata (Scleractinia: Merulinidae)

Introduction: Rehabilitation of hermatypic coral species that have declined in the Caribbean in recent decades is a priority. Production of sexual recruits is considered the best restoration method to aid affected populations. Objective: To gain knowledge of early life stages of Orbicella faveolata and to enhance production of new sexual recruits. Methods: Gamete bundles from the coral species O. faveolata were collected over two years (2018 and 2019) from Los Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo Natural National Park, Cartagena, Colombia. Assisted fertilization, larval rearing, settlement (onto crustose coralline algae, CCA) and post settlement survival in laboratory conditions were monitored. Results: Embryonic and larval development were documented over 55 hours after the first cleavage, when larvae were fully developed and started pre-settlement behavior. Settlement began 7 days after first cleavage and after 37 days polyps had acquired zooxanthellae. Larval settlement was higher on Lythophyllum congestum and Titanoderma prototypum than in response to Porolithon pachydermum, Neogoniolithon sp., Hydrolithon sp., and Lythophyllum sp. Larvae did not settle on dead coral or on the negative control (sterilized seawater). After the first week post settlement survival was 59 % amongst O. faveolata recruits. During the second week, survival dropped to 42 %, and was further reduced to 0 % at the end of the third week. Conclusions: O. faveolata larvae require cues from certain CCA species to settle, they do not settle in absence of CCA. Increased larvae availability is possible through assisted fertilization in the laboratory, however, due to the high mortality in early post-settlement phases, additional research needs to be conducted in order to scale up larvae production and improve understanding of the cues that enhance settlement and the factors which cause post-settlement mortality.

Introducción: La rehabilitación de las especies de corales hermatípicos del Caribe que han disminuido en las últimas décadas es una prioridad. La producción de reclutas sexuales se considera el mejor método de restauración para ayudar a las poblaciones afectadas. Objetivo: Obtener conocimiento de las primeras etapas de la vida de O. faveolata y mejorar la producción de nuevos reclutas sexuales. Métodos: Por dos años (2018 y 2019), seis días después de luna llena en septiembre, se recolectaron paquetes gaméticos en arrecifes del Parque Nacional Natural Los Corales del Rosario y de San Bernardo, Cartagena, Colombia. Se siguió la fertilización asistida, la cría de larvas, el asentamiento y la supervivencia posterior al asentamiento en algas coralinas costrosas (ACC) en condiciones de laboratorio. Resultados: El desarrollo de embriones y larvas se documenta a lo largo de 55 h después del primer clivaje, cuando la larva está desarrollada completamente y comenzó el comportamiento previo al asentamiento. El asentamiento comienza 7 días después del primer clivaje y 37 días después, la mayoría de los pólipos presentan zooxantelas. El asentamiento larval fue más alto en Lythophyllum congestum y Titanoderma prototypum que en respuesta a Porolithon pachydermum, Neogoniolithon sp., Hydrolithon sp., y Lythophyllum sp. No hubo asentamiento sobre coral muerto ni en el control negativo (agua de mar esterilizada). La supervivencia bajó de un 59 % en la primera semana después del asentamiento, a 42 % durante la segunda semana y 0 % para el final de la tercera semana. Conclusiones: Las larvas de O. faveolata requieren señales de ciertas especies de ACC para asentarse, ellas no se asientan en ausencia de ACC. La disponibilidad de larvas es posible mediante la fertilización asistida en laboratorio. Sin embargo, debido a la alta mortalidad en las primeras fases posteriores al asentamiento, queda mucho por hacer para aumentar la producción de larvas y mejorar nuestro conocimiento y comprensión de las señales que mejoran el asentamiento y las que previenen o inhiben la supervivencia del recluta.

Development of a Web Database System for a Comprehensive Hypertension Management Program in the Primary Health Care Setting of Urban Areas of Peru / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this case report is to introduce the development process, structure, characteristics, and effectiveness of the web database (DB) system developed for the hypertension management program in the primary health care setting in the low-income urban areas of Peru. METHODS: A Korean research team cooperated with a Peruvian IT startup company to develop a web DB system to improve the data management of the hypertension management program. The entire web application infrastructure was hosted using the Amazon Web Service. Two different web platforms were established for the user groups of health workers and researchers (program managers). RESULTS: A total of 2,827 program participants were registered in the web DB system until December 2017. Health professionals can input the participant data while providing consultation to the program participants, and the data is accumulated in the web DB in real time. Input errors or data loss is prevented by setting restrictions in the data entry system. During the 4-year project period, 7,696 hours of working time and USD 39,536.48 for data management were saved as the result of web DB system utilization. CONCLUSIONS: The developed web DB system contributed to improve the health condition of the health program participants by providing necessary information to the health professionals at the right time. This case report could be a reference for other researcher to develop web databases for their own context, especially in developing countries.

Metodología activa y estilos de aprendizaje en el proceso de enseñanza en el curso de metodología de la investigación de una facultad de ciencias de la salud / Active methodology and learning styles in the teaching process of the research methodology course of a faculty health sciences

Introducción. El modelo educativo centrado en el aprendizaje intenta desarrollar en el estudiante un rol más importante en su proceso de adquirir conocimiento; para ello, se requiere identificar las preferencias o estilos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Objetivo. Analizar la influencia del uso de la metodología activa y los estilos de aprendizaje participativo en estudiantes del curso de metodología de la investigación del nivel de pregrado. Métodos. Estudio cuantitativo de diseño cuasi experimental, prospectivo, de corte longitudinal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por estudiantes de pregrado del curso de metodología de la investigación, se utilizó una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia, conformada por 79 estudiantes. El instrumento utilizado fue el test de estilo de aprendizaje elaborado por David Kolb. La implementación de la metodología activa se realizó durante el desarrollo del curso. Resultados. La participación de los estudiantes durante el desarrollo de clases y el uso de textos presentó un incremento significativo. El estilo de aprendizaje asimilador correspondió a 78,5% y 12,6% para el divergente antes de la implementación de la metodología y, al finalizar el estudio, los estudiantes modificaron su estilo de aprendizaje en forma significativa con un predomino del estilo de aprendizaje asimilador 62% y 22,8% para el estilo convergente. Conclusiones. La metodología activa permite la participación activa del estudiante mediante preguntas, aportes y fomenta el uso de textos. Asimismo, modifica significativamente el estilo de aprendizaje hacia un estilo asimilador y convergente.

Introduction. The educational model focused on learning attempts to provide the student a more important role in the process of acquiring knowledge, for this it is necessary to identify preferences or learning style of the students. Objectives. Analysis the influence of the use of active methodology and learning styles in students of the methodology course of undergraduate research. Methods. Quantitative study of quasi-experimental, prospective longitudinal design, the study population consisted of undergraduate students of the research methodology course. A non-probabilistic sample was used for convenience, consisting of 79 students. The instrument used was the learning style test developed by David Kolb. The implementation of the active methodology was carried out during the development of the course. Results The participation of the students during the development of classes and the use of texts presented a significant increase. The assimilator learning style corresponded 78,5% and 12,6% for the divergent before the implementation of the methodology and at the end of the study, the students modified their learning style in a significant way with a predominance of assimilator learning style 62 % and 22,8% for the convergent style. Conclusions. The active methodology allows the active participation of the student through questions, contributions and encourages the use of texts. It also significantly modifies the learning style towards an assimilator and convergent style.

Serum and liver copper, iron, molybdenum and zinc concentration in goats and sheep in the state of Paraíba, Brazil / Concentrações sérica e hepática de cobre, ferro, molibdênio e zinco em ovinos e caprinos no estado da Paraíba

This study aimed to determine Cu, Fe, Mo, and Zn liver and serum concentration in sheep and goats raised in the rangelands of the semiarid region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil, during the dry and rainy seasons, and to establish if Cu deficiency is primary or secondary to high ingestion of Mo or Fe. Cu, Zn, Mo and Fe concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry coupled to mass (ICP-Plasma) in 253 liver and serum samples randomly selected in a slaughterhouse. The mean serum concentrations of Cu in the goats and sheep were 11.82±3.28μmol/L and 10.97±3.61μmol/L respectively. The liver Cu concentrations were 160.37±11.77mg/kg in goats and 152.12±13.16mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Fe concentrations were 16.38±4.51μmol/L in goats and 25.41±9.76μmol/L in sheep. The mean Fe concentrations in the liver were 189.37±6.51mg/kg in goats and 313.70±12.89mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum concentrations of Mo were 0.14±0.04μmol/L in goats and 0.29±0.06μmol/L in sheep. The mean Mo concentrations in the liver were 6.09±0.23mg/kg in goats and 6.22±0.15mg/kg in sheep. The mean serum Zn concentrations were 8.30±1.91μmol/L in goats and 8.63±2.22μmol/L in sheep. The mean Zn concentrations in the liver were 132.80±3.39mg/kg in goats and 130.70±2.99mg/kg in sheep. These results show low or marginal serum and liver concentrations of Cu and Zn, indicating that these minerals should be supplemented. The normal or even low concentrations of Mo and the high concentration of Fe suggest that Cu deficiency may be primary, due to low Cu ingestion, or secondary due to high Fe ingestion.(AU)

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar Cu, Fe, Mo e Zn no fígado e soro em ovinos e caprinos criados nas pastagens da região semiárida do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil, nas estações seca e chuvosa, e estabelecer se a deficiência de Cu e primaria ou secundaria a alta ingestão de Mo ou Fe. Cu, Zn, Mo, e Fe foram determinados por espectrometria de absorção atômica com plasma indutivamente acoplado (ICP-OES) em 253 amostras de fígado e soro selecionados aleatoriamente em um matadouro. As concentrações séricas de Cu nos caprinos e ovinos foram 11,82±3,28mmol/L e 10,97±3,61mmol/L, respectivamente. As concentrações de Cu no fígado foram de 160,37±11,77mg/kg em caprinos e 152,12±13,16mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Fe foram de 16,38±4,51mmol/L em caprinos e 25,41±9,76mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Fe no fígado foram 189,37±6,51mg/kg em caprinos e 313.70±12,89mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Mo foram de 0,14±0,04mmol/L em caprinos e 0,29±0,06mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Mo no fígado foram 6,09±0,23mg/kg em caprinos e 6,22±0,15mg/kg em ovinos. As concentrações séricas de Zn foram 8,30±1,91mmol/L em caprinos e 8,63±2,22mmol/L em ovinos. As concentrações de Zn no fígado foram 132,80±3,39mg/kg em cabras e 130,70±2,99mg/kg em ovelhas. Estes resultados mostram concentrações baixas ou marginais de Cu e Zn no soro e fígado indicando que estes minerais devem ser suplementados. As concentrações normais ou mesmo baixos de Mo e as altas concentrações de Fe sugerem que a deficiência de Cu pode ser primária, devido à baixa ingestão de Cu, ou secundária a alta ingestão de Fe.

Adaptación argentina de la guía de indicadores de calidad de vida para organizaciones que apoyan a personas con trastornos del espectro autista / Argentine adaptation of the Quality of Life Indicators guide for organizations that support people with autistic spectrum disorders

Este artículo describe el proceso de adaptación en Argentina de la guía de indicadores de calidad de vida para organizaciones que prestan apoyo a personas con trastornos del espectro autista (Cuesta, J. L., 2009), a través de la técnica Delphi, en la que han participado un grupo de expertos representativos de diferentes ámbitos e instituciones del país, relacionados con el autismo. El resultado es un instrumento, basado en el modelo de calidad de vida, adaptado al contexto argentino, que ayuda a planificar y evaluar centros y programas para personas con trastornos del espectro autista y da respuesta al creciente número de servicios específicos que responden a las necesidades de este colectivo.

This article describes the adaptation process of the Quality of Life Indicators guide for organizations that support people with autistic spectrum disorders which has taken place in Argentina (Cuesta, J. L., 2009) using the Delphi method, and with the participation of a group of autism-related experts from different fields and domestic institutions. The result is an instrument based on a quality-of-life model which is adjusted to the Argentine setting, helps planning and assessing centers and programs for people with autistic spectrum disorders, and responds to the increasing number of specific services which cover the needs of this population.

Vulvodinia: una puesta al día / Vulvodynia: up to date

La vulvodinia es definida como un malestar vulvar, descrito como un dolor tipo ardor con una duración promedio de 3 meses y con una prevalencia de 16%. La metodología empleada consistió de una revisión y análisis sistemático en bases de datos electrónicos, mediante el uso de palabras clave. Su etiología sigue siendo desconocida, a pesar de que diversas teorías sostienen que tiene un origen multifactorial. El diagnóstico de la vulvodinia se realiza mediante una evaluación minuciosa de la historia del dolor, historia sexual, situación clínica y examen físico. El tratamiento no médico incluye intervenciones psicológicas, que tienen por objetivo disminuir el dolor y restaurar la función sexual. Las terapias alternativas aún no han demostrado su eficacia para el tratamiento de la vulvodinia, mientras que la terapia física, al disminuir las restricciones tisulares, ayudan a restaurar la longitud de los músculos y tejidos de la pelvis. Asimismo, el tratamiento médico incluye terapia local mediante el uso de antinociceptivos y agentes antiinflamatorios, neuromoduladores; también se utiliza antidepresivos tricíclicos, norepinefrina y anticonvulsivos. El tratamiento quirúrgico ha demostrado ser una estrategia que permite disminuir el dolor siendo de importancia destacar la experiencia del cirujano como un factor determinante. En conclusión, la vulvodinia es un problema de salud para la mujer, que afecta su función sexual y calidad de vida. El tratamiento debe ser abordado con un enfoque holístico y multidisciplinario.

Vulvodynia is defined as vulvar discomfort, described as a burning pain with an average duration of 3 months and a prevalence of 16%. The methodology used consisted of a systematic review and analysis in electronic databases, through the use of keywords. The etiology remains unknown, despite the fact that various theories maintain that it has a multifactorial origin. The diagnosis of vulvodynia is made through a thorough evaluation of the history of pain, sexual history, clinical situation and physical examination. Non-medical treatment includes psychological interventions that aim to reduce pain and restore sexual function. Alternative therapies have not yet proven effective for the treatment of vulvodynia, while physical therapy, by helping to reduce tissue restrictions, helps restore the length of the muscles and tissues of the pelvis. Likewise, medical treatment includes local therapy, through the use of antinociceptives, anti-inflammatory agents and neuromodulators; It also uses tricyclic antidepressants, norepinephrine and anticonvulsants. Surgical treatment has been shown to be a strategy to reduce pain and the surgeon's experience should be taken into account as a determining factor. In conclusion, vulvodynia is a health problem for women that affects their sexual function, quality of life and treatment must be approached with a holistic and multidisciplinary approach.

Effect of stocking rate and floor types on performance, skin temperature and leukogram in pigs raising / Efecto de la carga animal y el tipo de piso sobre el rendimiento, la temperatura de la piel y leucograma en la cría de cerdos

ABSTRACT Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, thermoregulatory characteristics and the leukogram of growing finishing pigs reared in different stocking rates kept on compact floor pens or with shallow pool pens. Material and methods. Thirty-six pigs were used in two steps (total of 72 animals were used). In the first step it was analysed performance pig (daily feed intake, weight gain and feed: gain ratio) and backfat thickness (P2). In the second step, the same analyzes were repeated, in addition, analysis of leukogram and skin temperature was performed in P2 and anal region, at the end of growing and finishing phase. Results. It was evaluated for differences between treatments and stocking. It was not found effect of floor type on growing phase, but the use of shallow pool had a negative effect on the gain and feed: gain ratio in the finishing phase, as well as lower surface temperature in the anal region on treatment with shallow pool in the finishing phase. No effect of treatments and type of floor on pig leukogram. Allowing more space/animal decreased backfat thickness. The use of shallow pool affected negatively the performance in the finishing phase. Conclusions. The shallow pool uses impair the finishing pig performance, despite improving thermolysis, with no effect observed on cell immune response.

RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento, las características de termorregulación, y el leucograma de cerdos de engorde, criados en diferentes densidad mantenidos en corrales de piso compactos o corrales con lámina de agua. Material y métodos. Treinta y seis cerdos se utilizaron en dos etapas (un total de 72 animales utilizados). En el primer paso, se analizaron las características zootécnicas (consumo diario de alimento, ganancia de peso y la conversión alimenticia) y el espesor de grasa dorsal (P2). En el segundo paso, los mismos análisis se repitieron, además, el análisis de leucograma y temperatura de la piel se realizó en P2 y la región anal, al final de la recría y terminación. Resultados. Se evaluaron las diferencias entre los tratamientos. No se encontró efecto del tipo de corrales en fase de recría, pero el uso de los corrales con lámina de agua tuvo un efecto negativo sobre la ganancia y conversión alimenticia en la fase de terminación, así como una menor temperatura de la superficie en la región anal en el tratamiento con lámina de agua en la fase de terminación. No hubo efecto de los tratamientos y tipo de corales sobre el Leucograma de los cerdos. Permitiendo más espacio/animal disminuyó el espesor de grasa dorsal. El uso de la lámina de agua afectó negativamente al rendimiento en la fase de terminación. Conclusiones. El uso de lámina de agua afectó el rendimiento de los cerdos de terminación, a pesar de la mejora de termólisis, sin efecto visible en la respuesta inmune celular.

Effect of soybean ureases on seed germination and plant development

Abstract Urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia (nitrogen (N) product of urease activity) is incorporated into organic compounds. Thus, urease is involved in N remobilization, as well as in primary N assimilation. Two urease isoforms have been described for soybean: the embryo-specific, encoded by the Eu1 gene, and the ubiquitous urease, encoded by Eu4. A third urease-encoding gene was recently identified, designated Eu5, which encodes the putative protein product SBU-III. The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of soybean ureases to seed germination and plant development. Analyses were performed using Eu1/Eu4/Eu5-co-suppressed transgenic plants and mutants of the Eu1 and Eu4 urease structural genes, as well as a urease-null mutant (eu3-a) that activates neither the ubiquitous nor embryo-specific ureases. The co-suppressed plants presented a developmental delay during the first month after germination; shoots and roots were significantly smaller and lighter. Slower development was observed for the double eu1-a/eu4-a mutant and the eu3-a single mutant. The N content in transgenic plants was significantly lower than in non-transgenic plants. Among the mutants, eu3-a presented the lowest and eu1-a the highest N content. Altogether, these results indicate that increased ureolytic activity plays an important role in plant development.

Factores que influyen en la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales de salud del área de consulta externa del servicio de ginecobstetricia del hospital nacional docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé en Lima, Perú / Factors influencing the job satisfaction of health professionals in the area of external consultation of the gynecology obstetrics service of the national teaching hospital of the mother child San Bartolomé in Lima, Peru

La satisfacción laboral en los profesionales de salud es muy importante en la construcción de la motivación y la eficiencia del empleado; así, una mayor satisfacción laboral determina un mejor rendimiento, una mejora de los procesos, promueve el trabajo en equipo, desarrolla la interacción armoniosa de las diferentes áreas y, en consecuencia, genera un mayor nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes...

Job satisfaction into professionals is important in the development employee motivation and efficiency; This is how greater job satisfaction to a better performance, improved processes, promotes team work, harmonious interaction of different areas and in consequence a higher level of patient satisfaction...

Síndrome antifosfolipídico: repercusiones maternas / Antiphospholipid syndrome: maternal repercussions

El síndrome antifosfolipídico fue definido por Hughes en 1983, describiendo episodios de trombocitopenia y abortos, cuya prevalencia aún es desconocida y puede ser detectado en el 15% de las...

The antiphospholipid syndrome was defined by Hughes in 1983, describing episodes of thrombocytopenia and abortions, whose prevalence is still unknown and can be detected in 15% of women of...

Evaluation of activity of triclabendazole against Taenia solium metacestode in naturally infected pigs

Objective: To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis. Methods: Eighteen naturally infected cysticercosis pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each. The first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight, the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo (control group). All animals were kept under the same management conditions. The pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between groups. Results: All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their carcasses. In contrast, TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic cysts. Cysts from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after treatment. However, histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of inflammation. Conclusions: TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.

Evaluation of activity of triclabendazole against Taenia solium metacestode in naturally infected pigs

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the efficacy of triclabendazole (TCBZ) in porcine cysticercosis.@*METHODS@#Eighteen naturally infected cysticercosis pigs were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each. The first group was treated orally with TCBZ at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight, the second group was treated orally with oxfendazole at a single dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight and the third group received a placebo (control group). All animals were kept under the same management conditions. The pigs were euthanized 17 wk post-treatment and the number of surviving cysts in muscles was assessed and compared between groups.@*RESULTS@#All pigs treated with oxfendazole had only degenerated cysts in their carcasses. In contrast, TCBZ had very little effect against the parasitic cysts. Cysts from pigs in the TCBZ group looked apparently normal after treatment. However, histological evaluation showed a mild to moderate degree of inflammation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#TCBZ is not an efficacious drug against Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine using a single dose.

Avaliação da qualidade da superfície protética em diferentes sistemas: estudo comparativo / Evaluation of the quality of the surface prosthetic in different systems: a comparative study

Introdução: A adaptação e a rugosidade superficial dos componentes protéticos podem determinar a longevidade de uma reabilitação e a qualidade dos tecidos periimplantares. Objetivo: Comparar a topografia superficial de intermediários de implantes de quatro diferentes marcas comerciais disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, bem como analisar a adaptação vertical quantitativamente (µm) da interface pilar implante. Materiais e Métodos: Foramutilizados intermediários mini-cônicos pré-fabricados das marcas SIN (GMcS), Neodent (GMcN), Conexão (GMcC) e Bionnovation (GMcB), pilares calcináveis com cinta de cromo cobalto ou titânio SIN (GCS), Neodent (GCN), Conexão (GCC) e Bionnovation (GCB) e implantes do tipo hexágono externo (HE), 3,75mm de diâmetroe plataforma regular de 4,1mm SIN (GIS), Neodent (GIN), Conexão (GIC) e Bionnovation (GIB). Para avaliar a superfície dos intermediários foi utilizada a técnica de interferometria a laser "sem contato". Os dados coletados foram processados pelo Software Mountains Map Universal, Digital Surf, o qual gerou imagens tridimensionais sendo considerados três parâmetros (Sa, Ssk, Sku). A desadaptação vertical na interface intermediário ­ implante foi analisada por meio da utilização do Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura (MEV). Resultados: Tanto para intermediário cônico quanto o pilar calcinável da empresa SIN® demonstraram menor desajuste entre os componentes protéticos e o implante. O grupo intermediário cônico e pilar calcinável da empresa Bionnovation® foram os que apresentam maior linearidade superficial quando comparados aos demais grupos. Conclusão: Não foi observado padronização da rugosidade superficial nem da adaptação dos pilares protéticos entre as marcas comerciais estudadas, sendo que estas variações podem ocasionar variações na longevidade da reabilitação.

Introduction: The adaptation and the roughness surfasse of the prosthetic componentes can determine the longevity of a rehabilitation as well as quality of peri-implant tissues Objective: compare four different brands which are available in the Brazilian market, and make a comparison of the topography surface of implants intermediates between them. Also, analyze the vertical adjustment (mM) of the implant abutment interface. Materials and Methods: In this project was used pre-manufactured intermediate mini-tapered of those following brands: SIN (GMC), Neodent (GMCN), Connection (GMCC) and Bionnovation (GMcB). Calcinable pillars strap with cobalt chrome or titanium SIN (GCS), Neodent (GCN) , Connection (GCC) and Bionnovation (GCB) and the hexagonal (HE), 3.75 mm in diameter and 4.1 mm SIN (GIS), Neodent (GIN), Connection (GIC) and Bionnovation regular platform implants (GIB). It was used the contactless interferometry laser technique to evaluate the intermediates surface. It was considered three parameters (Sa, Ssk,Sku) to process the data collected, which was done by the Universal Software Mountains Map, Digital Surf software, and has gotten three dimensional images. The vertical misfit on intermediate-implant interface was analyzed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Results: The intermediate tapered, also the SIN® burnout pillar have showed up the lower misfit between the prosthetic components and the implant. On the other hand, The Bionnovation® pillar and the intermediate group, in comparison to the other groups, were those with higher surface linearity. It was not found the standardization of the roughness surfaces as well as of the abutments adaptation between trademarks studied. However, we observed that those variations can change the longevity of the rehabilitation.

Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength according to international and Brazilian guidelines / Equações de predição para a força muscular respiratória segundo diretrizes internacionais e brasileiras

Background: The maximum static respiratory pressures, namely the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), reflect the strength of the respiratory muscles. These measures are simple, non-invasive, and have established diagnostic and prognostic value. This study is the first to examine the maximum respiratory pressures within the Brazilian population according to the recommendations proposed by the American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) and the Brazilian Thoracic Association (SBPT). Objective: To establish reference equations, mean values, and lower limits of normality for MIP and MEP for each age group and sex, as recommended by the ATS/ERS and SBPT. Method: We recruited 134 Brazilians living in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, aged 20-89 years, with a normal pulmonary function test and a body mass index within the normal range. We used a digital manometer that operationalized the variable maximum average pressure (MIP/MEP). At least five tests were performed for both MIP and MEP to take into account a possible learning effect. Results: We evaluated 74 women and 60 men. The equations were as follows: MIP=63.27-0.55 (age)+17.96 (gender)+0.58 (weight), r2 of 34% and MEP= - 61.41+2.29 (age) - 0.03(age2)+33.72 (gender)+1.40 (waist), r2 of 49%. Conclusion: In clinical practice, these equations could be used to calculate the predicted values of MIP and MEP for the Brazilian population. .

Contextualização: A medida das pressões respiratórias estáticas máximas (pressão inspiratória (PImáx) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmáx)) refletem a força dos músculos respiratórios. Essas medidas são simples, não invasivas e têm valores diagnóstico e prognóstico estabelecidos. Este é o primeiro estudo que avaliou pressões respiratórias máximas com a população brasileira realizado de acordo com as recomendações propostas pela American Thoracic Society e European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) e pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia (SBPT). Objetivo: Estabelecer equações de referência, valores médios e limites inferiores de normalidade para a PImáx e a PEmáx para cada faixa etária e gênero, conforme as recomendações da ATS/ERS e da SBPT. Método: Foram recrutados 134 brasileiros residentes em Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, com idade entre 20-89 anos, com prova de função pulmonar e índice de massa corporal dentro da normalidade. Foi utilizado um manovacuômetro digital que operacionalizou a variável pressão média máxima. Para a PImáx e a PEmáx, foram realizadas, pelo menos, cinco manobras, considerando o efeito aprendizado. Resultados: Foram avaliados 74 mulheres e 60 homens. As equações propostas foram: PImáx=63,27-0,55 (idade)+17,96 (sexo)+0,58 (peso), r2=34% e PEmáx=-61,41+2,29 (idade)-0,03 (idade2)+33,72 (sexo)+1,40 (cintura), r2=49%. Conclusão: As equações resultantes deste estudo poderão ser utilizadas na prática clínica para cálculo de valores preditos para PImáx e PEmáx na população brasileira. .

Comparison of motor and cognitive performance of children attending public and private day care centers / Comparacao do desempenho motor e cognitivo de criancas frequentadoras de creches publicas e particulares

BACKGROUND: Given that environmental factors, such as the school environment, can influence child development, more attention should be paid to the development of children attending day care centers. OBJECTIVE: Todetermine whether there are differences in the gross motor, fine motor, or cognitive performances of children between 1 and3 years-old of similar socioeconomic status attending public and private day care centers full time. METHOD: Participants were divided into 2 groups, 1 of children attending public day care centers (69 children) and another of children attending private day care centers (47 children). All children were healthy and regularly attended day care full time for over 4 months. To assess cognitive, gross and fine motor performance, the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III was used. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparative analyses between groups of children between 13 and 24 months, 25 and 41 months, and 13 and 41 months. RESULTS: Children in public day care centers exhibited lower scores on the cognitive development scale beginning at 13 months old. The fine and gross motor performance scores were lower in children over the age of 25 months attending public centers. Maternal education was not related to the performance of children in either group. CONCLUSION: The scores of cognitive performance as well as fine and gross motor performance of children of similar socioeconomic status who attend public day care centers are lower than children attending private daycare centers. .

CONTEXTUALIZAÇÃO: Considerando que fatores ambientais, tal como o ambiente escolar, podem influenciar o desenvolvimento infantil, maior atenção deve ser empregada ao desenvolvimento de crianças que frequentam creches. OBJETIVO: Verificar se há diferença no desempenho motor grosso, fino e desempenho cognitivo de crianças entre 1 e 3 anos, de mesma classificação socioeconômica, frequentadoras de creches públicas e particulares em período integral. MÉTODO: Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, um de creches públicas (69 crianças) e outro de creches particulares (47 crianças). Todas as crianças eram saudáveis e deveriam frequentar a creche em período integral há mais de quatro meses. Para avaliação do desempenho motor fino, grosso e desempenho cognitivo, foi utilizada a escala Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - III. Para análise de comparação entre os grupos, foi realizado o teste de Mann-Whitney com crianças entre 13 e 24 meses, entre 25 e 41 meses e entre 13 e 41 meses. RESULTADOS: Crianças de creches públicas apresentaram menores escores quanto ao desenvolvimento cognitivo desde os 13 meses de vida. Os desempenhos motor fino e grosso, por sua vez, apresentaram menores escores nas crianças de escolas públicas com idade acima de 25 meses. A escolaridade materna não foi relacionada ao desempenho das crianças nos dois grupos CONCLUSÃO: O desempenho cognitivo, motor fino e grosso de crianças de mesma classe econômica, frequentadoras de creches públicas, apresentam piores performances quando comparadas às de creches particulares. .

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angioedema

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of angioedema associated with the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in an outpatient allergy department. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of new patients seen in an allergy clinic. Demographic and clinical data of patients with ACEI-induced angioedema were analyzed. RESULTS: Nine (0.37%) out of 2,421 new patients attending the allergy clinic developed ACEI-associated angioedema. Enalapril was the drug most frequently incriminated. The onset of the angioedema was as early as after the first dose or as late as 2 years after beginning treatment. Six patients experienced life-threatening angioedema involving the tongue, oropharynx, or larynx, and two patients required transfer to the intensive care unit. One patient required a tracheostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment is often responsible for angioedema, especially involving the upper airways. Due to the high proportion of the population exposed to ACEIs and to the severity of this adverse effect, it is important that physicians consider ACEIs as possible inducers when evaluating patients with acute or recurrent angioedema.