ABSTRACT
Objective:Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor derived from bile duct epithelial cells with extremely poor prognosis. The Hippo-Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcription activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) signaling plays a critical role in cancer stem cell biology. Previous studies have shown that the positive expression of YAP/TAZ in CCA predicts larger tumor size and unfavorable clinical outcomes. We aim to evaluate the prognostic value of YAP/TAZ detection in CCA patients.Methods:CCA patients who underwent radical resection were retrospectively analyzed at our institution from January 2011 to June 2016. Postoperative pathological specimens were scored by YAP/TAZ immunohistochemical staining. The prognostic value of YAP/TAZ was analyzed by multivariate Cox-proportional hazards model.Results:A total of 91 CCA patients were enrolled. During a median follow-up time of 11.0 months, 69.2% patients relapsed and 45.1% died. The median OS and DFS were 10.7 months and 8.8 months respectively. The YAP/TAZ dual positive patients owned a worse TNM stage ( P=0.015), poorer tissue differentiation ( P=0.007), and a higher CA199 than those in negative patients. Multivariate Cox analysis identified that YAP/TAZ dual positivity as a significant factor predicted poorer OS ( P=0.010) and DFS ( P=0.028) in CCA patients after radical resection. In subgroup analysis, YAP/TAZ combination also significantly predicted OS ( P=0.044) and DFS ( P=0.043) in CCA patients with positive lymphatic metastasis and/or surgical margin who required adjuvant therapy. Conclusions:YAP/TAZ positivity is an independent predictive factor for survival in CCA patients after radical resectiony.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the characteristics of the occurrence of bully/victim incidents among children and to explore children's implicit attitudes towards the phenomenon of being bullied.These children were grouped into 4 types,which were the bully children,the victim children,the bully/victim children and the non-involved children,respectively.Methods The stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 1 100 pupils from 3 primary schools in Henan area.The 1 100 children were investigated with bully/victim questionnaire (pupil version).Among them,78 children who were involved in bullying(including 30 bully children,18 victim children and 30 bully/victim children) and 29 non-involved children were selected and investigated with implicit association test(IAT).Results 1.Among all the 1 029 effective participants,74 were the bully children,121 were the victim children and 101 were the bully/victim children.The total number of those were in bullying amounted to 296,which meant that about 28.8％ (296/1 029 cases) children were involved in the issue of bullying.2.In general,the subjects showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 324.083 ± 458.373) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 463.963 ± 501.254) ms in IAT (t =3.063,P ＜ 0.01).3.Among the 4 types of children,bully/victim children showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time(1 237.838 ±449.731) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 428.754 ± 539.634) ms in IAT (t =2.301,P ＜ 0.05).Non-involved children also showed significant differences between compatible task reaction time (1 512.389 ± 557.354) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 777.404 ± 441.373) ms in IAT(t =3.129,P ＜ 0.01).4.Bully children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 304.007 ± 400.530) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 287.236-± 405.017)ms in IAT (t =0.308,P ＞ 0.05).Victim children didn't show obvious differences between compatible task reaction time (1 178.900 ± 280.539) ms and incompatible task reaction time (1 292.635 ± 467.531) ms in IAT (t =0.821,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Children's implicit attitudes towards being bullied are negative,considering it as not good.Non-involved children and bully/victim children show more negative implicit attitudes towards being bullied.