study of the histological changes of human placenta of preterm birth

The structural and functional integrity of the placenta is important for maintaining the fetal development and growth. The preterm labor is one of several pregnancy disorders which are associated with placental pathology. This study aims to determine whether placentas of preterm pregnancies have developed histological changes compared to those of term gestation. Al-Batool Maternity Teaching Hospital in Mosul city in Northern Iraq and laboratory of Postgraduate Studies at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology in Mosul College of Medicine. This study examined placentas obtained from 47 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non- smoker, Rh+ singleton pregnant women who delivered at AI-Batool Teaching hospital in Mosul city in Northern Iraq over a period of 2 months extending from first of June to first of August 2010.These women were classified according to their accurately assigned gestational age into two groups: Group 1: consisted of 26 women who delivered beyond 37 and till the end of 41 weeks' gestation, this group represents [Term] Group. Group 2: This group consisted of 21 women who delivered between 29 and 36 weeks'gestation, this group represents [Preterm] Group. At least two sections from the placenta, two sections from the chorioamniotic membranes, and two sections from the umbilical cord were submitted for histological review. The study revealed statistically significant increase in the frequency of placental histological changes [both ischemic and infectious subgroup] among placentas from women of the preterm group in comparison with those obtained from women of term group [p < 0.05]. Several placental pathological features were revealed among placentas obtained from preterm mother in comparison with those from term mothers.The ischemic changes represent the highest frequency among these changes

study of the histochemical alterations of mucin in cases of cholelithiasis and gall bladder tumors

To investigate the alterations in these oligosaccharide side chains in gall bladder epithelial cells by histochemical techniques to shed further light in elucidating the development of gall stones and gall bladder neoplasia. The study was conducted on 35 cholecystectomies performed over a period of 3 months started from September[1st] 2008 to December[1st] 2008 in the laparoscopic unit in Al-Jomhori Teaching hospital in western side of Mosul city in northern Iraq. Clinical details and pathological data were retrieved from the records. The cholecystectomy specimens that were received were fixed in 10% formalin. The gall bladders were classified into two groups [calculus and acalculus]. Multiple sections were taken from each gall bladder [body, neck, and fundus] for paraffin blocks and were examined after staining with hematoxylin and eosin [H and E] in the Laboratory of Postgraduate Studies at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology in Mosul College of Medicine. Microscopic examination was done to assess the type of different lesions including inflammatory infiltrate, presence of fibrosis, cholesterolosis, metaplasia, dysplasia, tumor or tumor-like lesion. To evaluate the intra-epithelial mucin content multiple sections were processed and stained with Alcian blue [AB] /Periodic acid Schiff's stain [PAS]. The histochemical analysis of mucin of the sections which showed normal gallbladder mucosa revealed that most of the cells of normal gallbladder epithelium exhibiting positive PAS reaction indicating the presence of neutral mucins, while the acidic mucins showed weak reaction by alcian blue but brown color staining were not observed indicating the absence of sulfomucins. Histochemical analysis of mucin of the stone-containing gallbladder epithelium which showed different histological findings including inflammatory infiltrate, presence of fibrosis, cholesterolosis, and Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses, revealed that the intense blue staining of sialomucins along with the very weak staining intensity of neutral mucins in goblet cells was observed by PAS-AB at pH 2.5 with strong intensity of Sulfomucins with as shown by the brown staining of alcian blue at pH 1.0. Histochemical alteration of mucin in the cases of adenoma of the gall bladder revealed that the intense blue staining of sialomucins with the weak staining intensity of neutral mucins in goblet cells was observed by PAS-AB at pH 2.5 with strong reaction of sulfomucins. On the other hand, intense blue staining of sialomucins along with the moderate staining intensity of neutral mucins was observed in section which showed dysplastic changes and in those which was diagnosed as carcinoma of the gall bladder. This study concluded that the sulfomucins and then the sialomucins may have a greater role in gall stone formation than the neutral mucins

Histological changes of human placenta in prolonged pregnancy

Prolonged pregnancy has been shown to be significantly related to increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to determine whether placentas of prolonged pregnancies have developed histological changes compared to those of term gestation and to identify these changes, if any. It also aims to test whether such changes might begin before 42 weeks of gestation and to evaluate the impact of placental histological changes in prolonged pregnancies on the perinatal outcomes. Al-Batool Teaching hospital in Mosul city in Northern Iraq, and Laboratory of Postgraduate Studies at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology in Mosul College of Medicine. This study examined placentas obtained from 220 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic, non- smoker, Rh positive singleton pregnant women who delivered in the hospital over a period of 2 months extending from Aug 1[st]. - Sep 30[th] 2005. These women were classified into three groups: Group 1; includes women who delivered between 38-41 weeks of gestation [n = 100], Group 2; includes those delivered between 41-42 weeks [n = 60] and group 3; includes women delivered beyond 42 weeks [n= 60]. Sections of group 2 and 3 placental disks showed various histological changes with different frequencies compared with those of group 1. These changes included hypovascular chorionic villi, syncytial knotting, villous stromal fibrosis, cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia, paucity of vasculosyncytial membranes, thickening of the trophoblastic basement membranes, chorionamnionitis, deciduitis, calcifications, in addition to fibromuscular sclerosis and obliterative endarteritis of the fetal stem arteries. Adverse perinatal outcomes were more frequent in group 2 and 3 compared with group 1. A dependent association was identified between adverse perinatal outcomes and several placental histological changes including cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia [p< 0.05], thickening of the trophoblastic basement membrane [p < 0.01], paucity of the vasculosyncytial membranes [VSMs] [p < 0.01], fibromuscular sclerosis [p < 0.05], and obliterative endarteritis of the fetal stem arteries [p < 0.05]. A significant proportion of prolonged pregnancy placentas has developed various histological changes in different proportions compared with those delivered at term with a clear impact on perinatal outcomes