ABSTRACT
Rotavirus(RV) is currently the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide, and RV has been found to recognize and bind to histo-blood group antigens(HBGAs) through its structural protein VP8, and the FUT2 gene determines the expression of HBGAs in epithelial tissues and secretion in body fluids.Individuals with loss of functional enzyme activity due to mutations in the FUT2 gene, called non-secretors, are unable to express and secrete HBGAs in the mucosa and body fluids, and non-secretors have been found to be resistant to diarrhea caused by RV.Studies have shown that microbial composition is genetically regulated by the host, and hundreds of genetic loci are involved in regulating the composition of human gut microbes, including FUT2.Sterile animal models reduce the rate of RV infection, suggesting that intestinal bacteria are associated with the process of RV infection.These studies reveal that secretory status directly influences individual susceptibility to RV, and its effect on gut microbial composition indirectly modulates human susceptibility to RV.This article reviews the correlation between FUT2 and gut microbial composition with RV susceptibility, with the aim of opening new avenues for personalized prevention and treatment of RV infection.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and to assess the psychological susceptibility of suicidal ideation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>324 SLE patients in Hefei city were interviewed with questionnaires, including Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and self-made questionnaire to collect information on suicidal ideation, social-demographic characteristics, etc. T test was used to compare the scores of personality and coping styles with national psychological norms. These odds ratios (95%CI) of the two factors for suicidal ideation were calculated by logistic regression, adjusted to socio-demographic factors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Current suicidal ideation was present in 108(33.3%) of 324 SLE patients. The standard scores of neuroticism (49.81 ± 10.03, t = 15.327, P < 0.01) and psychoticism (49.84 ± 9.73, t = 3.142, P < 0.01) were both higher than norms (neuroticism: 41.27 ± 9.42; psychoticism: 48.14 ± 9.74). The standard score of extrovision and introvision (50.43 ± 9.90) was lower than norm (57.75 ± 8.26) (t = -13.317, P < 0.01). Both scores of positive coping (34.36 ± 7.86) and negative coping (28.87 ± 7.79) were higher than norms of female healthy group (PC: 29.32 ± 8.96, NC: 22.34 ± 7.47) (t values were 11.543 and 15.102, P values all < 0.01) and patients' group (PC: 29.15 ± 9.28, NC: 25.36 ± 8.42) (t values were 8.122 and 11.932, P values all < 0.01). After adjusting the social-demographic variables, neurotic personality (OR = 1.110, 95%CI: 1.072 - 1.149) and high level of negative coping (OR = 1.069, 95%CI: 1.030 - 1.109) were significantly correlated with suicidal ideation in SLE patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rate of suicidal ideation in SLE patients in China was a little higher. Neurotic personality and negative coping were the psychological susceptibility of suicidal ideation in SLE patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Adaptation, Psychological , China , Disease Susceptibility , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic , Psychology , Risk Factors , Suicidal Ideation , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The study was purposed to investigate the effects of the panaxadiol saponin (PDS) from Ginseng on proliferation and differentiation of human CD34(+) cells from human bone marrow. Highly purified CD34(+) cells were isolated from human bone marrow by using the Dynal CD34 Cell Selection System (Dynal, Norway). The cells were exposed to PDS at various concentrations in both agar semi-solid culture of CFU-Mix and suspension culture of myeloid and erythroid cells in order to observe the effects of PDS on proliferation of CD34(+) cells. The cells were marked with 4 kinds of monoclonal antibody in related with their differentiation toward to myeloid and erythroid lineages, then examined by flow cytometry (FACS) after being incubated with PDS for 14 days. The results showed that the number of CD34(+) cells was 1.0 +/- 0.15% out of marrow nuclear cells after being purified by Dynal beads system. The enrichment of CD34(+) cells reached to 86.8 +/- 2.8%. The best efficiency in promoting proliferation of CD34(+) cells in vitro was obtained when the concentration of PDS was 25 mg/L, the formation of CFU-Mix colonies significantly increased by 56.3 +/- 3.5% over those of no-PDS control (p < 0.01). The results from suspension culture revealed that myeloid cells elevated in a dose-dependent manner with a peak increasing rate of 35.6 +/- 3.2%, and erythroid cells significantly increased by 22.3 +/- 2.1% over those of no-PDS control (all p < 0.01). After incubation with PDS for 14 days, number of CD33(+) cells increased in a dose-dependent manner with a peak increasing rate at 50 mg/L. CD71(+) cells reaching the peak were at 25 mg/L, while G-A(+) cells were increased by 7.2 +/- 1.3% (p < 0.01) at 10 mg/L, but the number of CD15(+) cells was not found to be changed before and after treating with PDS. It is concluded that PDS not only enhance the proliferation of CD34(+) cells, but also induce differentiation of CD34(+) cells toward to myeloid and erythroid lineages. PDS may play the roles as like hematopoietic growth factor, or provide synergistic effects on growth factor in the regulation of hematopoiesis.