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1.
Medisan ; 26(4)jul.-ago. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1405825

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El conocimiento sobre laserterapia es necesario en los profesionales de las especialidades médicas y estomatológicas, a fin de emplearla apropiadamente en los pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar la necesidad de conocimientos sobre laserterapia en profesionales de estomatología. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, desde marzo de 2020 hasta abril de 2021, en 60 profesionales del Servicio de Estomatología del Hospital General Docente Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, en quienes se aplicó una encuesta cuyas respuestas fueron catalogadas en adecuadas e inadecuadas. Asimismo, se utilizaron métodos empíricos y estadísticos para el análisis de los resultados. Resultados: La mayoría de los encuestados habían obtenido los conocimientos en la formación de pregrado; asimismo, se obtuvo un porcentaje superior de respuestas adecuadas en cuanto a las propiedades de la terapia con láser, las precauciones para su aplicación y las contraindicaciones relacionadas con el tratamiento quirúrgico. Al analizar el conocimiento según categoría profesional, se pudo comprobar que los especialistas poseían una noción más adecuada acerca del tema que el resto de los participantes en la investigación. Conclusiones: Los profesionales mostraron conocimientos insuficientes para aplicar la laserterapia; por ende, se requiere trazar una estrategia de superación que posibilite capacitarles en tan importante tema.


Introduction: Knowledge on lasertherapy is necessary in professionals of medical and stomatological specialities, so as to use them properly in patients. Objective: To identify the scarce knowledge on lasertherapy in stomatology professionals. Methods: A descriptive and crossed-sectional study was carried out from March 2020 to April, 2021, in 60 professionals in the stomatological service from Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, in whom a survey was applied and their answers were classified as adequate or inadequate. Likewise, empiric and statistics methods were used for the analysis of results. Results: Most of the surveyed professionals had acquired knowlegde during their pre-degree training, in the same way, a higher percentage of adequate answers was obtained regarding the properties of therapy with laser, meassures for its use, and contraindications related to surgical treatment. When analizing knowledge according to professional categories, it could be proven that specialists had a more adequate notion on the topic than the rest of participants in the study. Conclusions: Professional showed scarce knowledge on to use lasertherapy; so, it is required to elaborate a training estrategy to prepare them in such an important topic.


Subject(s)
Dentists , Laser Therapy , Oral Medicine
2.
Rev. latinoam. cienc. soc. niñez juv ; 20(1): 1-25, ene.-abr. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365863

ABSTRACT

Resumen (analítico) Se presentan resultados de una investigación que problematiza el proceso de construcción de subjetividades políticas de niños y niñas de primera infancia cuyas familias han vivido el conflicto armado colombiano. Epistémica y metodológicamente se empleó la hermenéutica ontológica política, enfatizando las narrativas colectivas y generativas de 19 niñas, 25 niños, 23 madres, 7 padres, 15 maestras y 1 maestro, en dos Centros de Desarrollo Infantil en Bogotá y Pereira. Se encontró que salir adelante -como metáfora que da cuenta de las subjetividades de los niños y las niñas- involucra una opción por las relaciones, romper la homogeneización, prácticas de resistencia y re-existencia y constitución de subjetividades e identidades políticas. Se concluye que los niños y las niñas tienen disposiciones relacionales como sujetos políticos desde sus primeros años.


Abstract (analytical) The article presents the results of a research study that aimed to comprehend and strengthen the political subjectivities of children in early childhood whose families come from the context of armed conflict. Epistemically and methodologically, the research used political and performative ontological hermeneutics. It had an emphasis on the collective and generative narratives of 19 girls, 25 boys, 23 mothers, 7 fathers, 15 female teacher and 1 male teacher in two child care centers in Bogotá and Pereira. The results showed that "moving forward", as a metaphor that refers to children's subjectivities, involves an option for relationships, eliminates homogenization, and prompts resistance and re-existence practices, as well as the constitution of political subjectivities and identities. Participants concluded that the children's lives deserve to be lived because of their condition of humanity.


Resumo (analítico) São apresentados resultados de uma investigação orientada para entender e fortalecer subjetividades políticas em meninos e meninas da primeira infância cujas famílias são originárias do conflito armado. Utilizou-se a hermenêutica ontológica política ou performativa, epistemológica e metodológica, com ênfase nas narrativas coletivas e generativas de 19 meninas, 25 meninos, 23 mães, 7 pais, 15 professores e uma professora, em dois centros de desenvolvimento infantil em Bogotá e Pereira. Verificou-se que avançar como uma metáfora responsável pelas subjetividades de meninos e meninas envolve uma opção de relacionamento, rompendo com a homogeneização, práticas de resistência e reexistência e constituição de subjetividades e identidades políticas. Conclui-se que a vida de meninos e meninas merece ser vivida em virtude de sua condição humana.


Subject(s)
Family , Child , Armed Conflicts
3.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385783

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: The present study investigated the healing response of 12 fresh post-extraction alveolous grafted with particulate autologous teeth to achieve preservation of the post-extraction alveolar ridge. The objective is to elucidate the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of the autologous dental graft used as a bone substitute in the alveolar ridge preservation technique. Five patients were included, with at least one hopeless tooth and in need of extraction and preservatio n of the ridge, to receive in the same place a dental implant in prosthetic replacement. In the first surgical stage, dental extractions and preservation of the alveolar ridge were performed, using the teeth extracted and processed with an automatic system as bone substitutes. In the second surgical stage, an incisional bone biopsy was performed in each grafted site, the bone beds were recapitulated in a drilling protocol that allowed the placement of the dental implant, and the harvested bone specimens were prepared for analysis. The histological results of the bone biopsies in all cases showed remnant particles of the dental graft, made up of dentin, partially resorbed, with irregular superficial edges and in close contact with newly forme d bone in transition to mature lamellar bone, in which well differentiated osteocytes were observed. The immunohistochemical results showed a moderate positive expression of osteopontin at the edges of the integrated teeth particles, inside the peritubular dentin space and at the osteodental contact interfaces. In conclusion, the evidence from the study shows that the autologous dental graft is a biocompatible bone substitute, that provides an osteoconductive scaffold that promotes bone cell adhesion and migration for local osteogenesis and that it is associated with moderate in situ expression of osteopontin, which showed a high affinity with mineralized dental tissue, suggesting osteoinductive properties in situ.


RESUMEN: El presente estudio investigó el resultado cicatrizal de 12 alvéolos frescos postextracción injertados con dientes autólogos particulados para lograr la preservación del reborde alveolar postextracción. El objetivo es dilucidar las propiedades osteoconductivas y osteoinductivas del injerto dental autólogo utilizado como sustituto óseo en la técnica de preservación de reborde. Se incluyeron 5 pacientes, con al menos un diente sin esperanza y con necesidad de extracción y preservación del reborde, para recibir en el mismo sitio un implante dental en sustitución protésica. En la primera etapa quirúrgica, se realizaron las extracciones dentales y la preservación del reborde alveolar, utilizando como sustituto óseo los dientes extraídos y procesados con un sistema automático. En la segunda etapa quirúrgica, se realizó una biopsia ósea incisional en cada sitio injertado, los lechos óseos fueron recapitulados en un protocolo de fresado que permitió la colocación del implante dental y los especímenes óseos recolectados fueron preparados para su análisis. Los resultados histológicos de las biopsias óseas en todos los casos mostraron partículas remanentes del injerto dental, conformadas por dentina, parcialmente reabsorbidas, con margenes superficiales irregulares y en estrecho contacto con depósitos de hueso de reciente formación en transición hacia hueso laminar maduro, en el cual se observaron osteocitos bien diferenciados. Los resultados inmunohistoquímicos mostraron una expresión positiva moderada de osteopontina en los bordes de las partículas del injerto dental integrado, al interior del espacio peritubular dentinario y en las interfases de contacto osteodental. En conclusión, la evidencia del estudio muestra que el injerto dental autólogo es un sustituto óseo biocompatible, que provee un andamio osteoconductivo promotor de la adhesión y migración de las células óseas para la osteogénesis local y que está asociado a la expresión modera in situ de osteopontina, la cual mostro una alta afinidad con el tejido dental mineralizado, sugiriendo propiedades osteoinductivas in situ.

4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 67(6)dic. 2019.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507577

ABSTRACT

Lygodium Sw. is the only genus of the family Lygodiaceae, with around 25 to 40 species inhabiting mostly tropical regions worldwide. In Argentina two species develop; one of them, L. venustum, grows in the Northeast of the country. Some species of Lygodium are invasive whereas medicinal uses have been reported for some taxa. As part of a project to ascertain on the reproductive biology of native ferns in Argentina, a fungus was found during in vitro spore culture of L. venustum. Dark brown spots and eruptive pustules were also observed in fertile leaves. Thus, emerged as objectives of this work: 1) to retrieve and identify the fungus from the sporophyte and from the spores cultures, 2) to inquire on the impact of the fungus on gametophyte generation, and 3) to perform experiments with untreated spores to demonstrate that the fungus is associated to the spores collected from infested sporophytes. Phytopathological techniques were applied in order to isolate the fungus and then to achieve monosporic cultures. The morpho-biometric features of the conidia corresponded with those of Pestalotiopsis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj [= Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert] (Amphisphaeriales, Ascomycota). Re-inoculation of conidia on healthy gametophytes conducted to their necrosis and death. The percentages of spore germination were initially higher in unsterilized cultures, suggesting that disinfection protocol may have affected spore germination. This is the first report of Pestalotiopsis maculans on the sporophytes of Lygodium venustum. The information that emerges from our work could be useful for the biocontrol of other species of Lygodium, considered weeds in other regions of the world.


Efectos del hongo Pestalotiopsis maculans (Ascomycota: Amphisphaeriales) en el desarrollo gametofítico del helecho Lygodium venustum (Lygodiaceae). Lygodium Sw. es el único género de la familia Lygodiaceae, con alrededor de 25 a 40 especies que habitan en su mayoría en regiones tropicales del mundo. En Argentina se desarrollan dos especies; uno de ellas, L. venustum, crece en el noreste del país. Algunas especies de Lygodium son invasivas, mientras que para algunos taxones se han reportado usos medicinales. Como parte de un proyecto para indagar sobre la biología reproductiva de los helechos nativos en Argentina, se encontró un hongo durante el cultivo in vitro de esporas de L. venustum. Asimismo, se observaron manchas marrones oscuras y pústulas eruptivas en hojas fértiles. Así, surgieron como objetivos de este trabajo: 1) recuperar e identificar el hongo presente en el esporofito y en los cultivos de esporas, 2) investigar el impacto del hongo en la generación gametofítica y 3) realizar experimentos con esporas no tratadas para demostrar que el hongo está asociado a las esporas recolectadas de esporofitos infestados. Se aplicaron técnicas fitopatológicas para aislar el hongo y luego lograr cultivos monospóricos. Las características morfo-biométricas de los conidios correspondieron a las de Pestalotiopsis maculans (Corda) Nag Raj [= Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Steyaert] (Amphisphaeriales, Ascomycota). La re-inoculación de conidios en gametofitos sanos condujo a su necrosis y muerte. Los porcentajes de germinación de esporas fueron inicialmente más altos en los cultivos no esterilizados, lo que sugiere que el protocolo de desinfección pudo haber afectado la germinación de las esporas. Este es el primer reporte de Pestalotiopsis maculans sobre los esporofitos de Lygodium venustum. La información que surge de nuestro trabajo podría ser útil para el control biológico de otras especies de Lygodium, consideradas malezas en otras regiones del mundo.

5.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 69(3): 149-156, sept. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1053247

ABSTRACT

La menarca constituye un hito madurativo importante. A escala mundial ocurre, en promedio, a los 12,5 años y está sujeta a factores genéticos y/o ambientales. El objetivo fue analizar, en niñas residentes en la periferia urbana de La Plata: a) la edad mediana de menarca y b) si el estado nutricional y la distribución adiposa influyen en la edad de ocurrencia de menarca. Se evaluaron, durante los ciclos 2014-2017, en 657 niñas de 10-14 años: presencia(P)/ausencia(A) de menarca, peso, talla y pliegues subcutáneos tricipital y subescapular. Se determinaron: edad mediana de menarca (EM) según método status quo y regresión logística; estado nutricional -desnutrición, exceso ponderal y normonutrición- empleando como referencia y puntos de corte a la OMS; y distribución de adiposidad según índice subescapular/tricipital, considerando valores >1 indicativos de adiposidad centralizada. Se calcularon en general y por estado nutricional la EM y las prevalencias de ocurrencia comparándose mediante Chi2. La menarca estuvo presente en el 44,10% de las niñas con EM de 12,13 años. Alrededor del 54% de las niñas se mantuvo dentro de los límites normales (P: 41,20%; EM: 12,28 años) y el 45,70% estaban desnutridas; de estas 4,90% mostraron desnutrición debido a la baja estatura (P: 25,00%; MS: 13,40 años) y 40,80% tenían exceso de peso (P: 50,40%; MS: 11,78 años). El 32,72% de las niñas tenían adiposidad centralizada (P: 59,10%; EM: 11,79 años). Los resultados permiten concluir que el estado nutricional influye en la edad mediana de ocurrencia de la menarca, la cual es mayor en las niñas desnutridas y menor en las niñas con exceso ponderal. La disposición centralizada de la adiposidad favorece la presencia de menarca(AU)


Menarche is an important maturation milestone. It normally occurs at an average age of 12.5 years and is influenced by genetic and/or environmental factors. The aim of this study was to analyze in girls residing at suburbs of La Plata city a) the median age of menarche; b) if nutritional status and fat distribution have any influence in the age of menarche. During years 2014 to 2017, 657 girls aged between 10 and 14 years(y) were surveyed, determining: presence(P)/absence(A) of menarche, weight, height, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds. It was measured: median age of menarche (MA) according to the status quo method and logistic regression; nutritional status -undernutrition, excess weight, and normonutrition- using WHO as a reference and their cut-off points; and the distribution of adiposity through the use of subscapular/tricipital index, considering values >1 an indicative of centralized adiposity. The median age of menarche was calculated both in the general sample and by nutritional status; general and age-prevalence of menarche were compared by Chi2. Menarche was present in 44.10% of the girls with MS of 12.13 years. About 54% of the population stayed within normal limits (P: 41.20%; MS: 12.28 years) and 45.70% were malnourished; of these 4.90% showed malnutrition due to short stature (P: 25.00 %; MS: 13.40 years) and 40.80% had weight excess (P: 50.40%; MS: 11.78 years). 32.72% of the girls had centralized adiposity (P: 59.10%; MS: 11.79 years). These results allow us to conclude that nutritional status influences the median age of menarche: it is higher in undernourished girls and lower in those with weight excess. Centralized disposition of adiposity promotes the presence of menarche(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Adolescent , Weight by Height , Menarche , Nutritional Status , Obesity, Abdominal , Social Conditions , Body Weight , Adolescent Nutrition
6.
Rev. méd. Hosp. José Carrasco Arteaga ; 10(3): 209-214, nov. 2018. Tablas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-999336

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los procesos cognitivos permiten el desarrollo del aprendizaje by el ajedrez ha sido tomado como herramienta para lograr este fin. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue medir atención y memoria en niños que practican ajedrez para conocer si estos resultados son superiores a los estándares normales. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de septiembre a noviembre del 2015, la muestra estuvo constituida por 15 niños que practicaban ajedrez en la Federación Deportiva del Azuay con una práctica mínima de 6 meses. Se aplicó el Test de atención y el test de memoria y aprendizaje; se usaron medidas dispersión y tendencia central, los datos fueron procesados utilizando SPSS V25. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo el índice compuesto de memoria verbal, la media obtenida fue de 108, desviación estándar 10.6, que corresponde a un nivel medio, según la interpretación de los baremos, mientras que en memoria no verbal la media fue de 122, correspondiente a un nivel superior. Los resultados de memoria general muestran que el Índice de memoria compuesta fue de 117, desviación estándar 12.01, indicativos de un nivel medio alto. En atención se obtuvo una media de 60 que también representó un nivel medio alto, según la interpretación del test para el índice de concentración; sin embargo los resultados fueron más dispersos con una desviación estándar 28.48. CONCLUSIONES: El nivel de concentración reveló una tendencia positiva, pero heterogénea; los niveles de memoria estaban altamente desarrollados, especialmente en memoria no verbal y en el componente verbal la captación selectiva de palabras.


BACKGROUND: Cognitive processes allow the development of learning and chess has been considered as a tool to achieve this goal. The aim of this study was to measure attention and memory in children who practice chess and to know if these results are higher than normal standards. METHODS: Descriptive research from September to November of 2015.The data were collected from 15 children who practiced chess for at least six months at the Sports Federation of Azuay. The attention D2 Test and the Test of Memory and Learning were applied. Measurements of central tendency and dispersion were used; data were processed using SPSS V25. RESULTS: The composite index of verbal memory was obtained, with a mean of 108 and a standard deviation of 10.6; this data correspond to a medium level according to the interpretation scales. Non-verbal memory average was 122, corresponding to an upper level. The general memory result shows a Composite Memory Index of 117 with a standard deviation of 12.01, corresponding to high level. In attention an average of 60 was obtained, equivalent to medium high level. We observed more dispersed data than the TOMAL test, with a standard deviation of 28.48. CONCLUSIONS: Concentration level revealed a positive and heterogeneous trend. Memory levels were highly developed, especially in non-verbal memory and word selective reminding.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Attention , Youth Sports , Memory
8.
Salud colect ; 14(3): 597-606, jul.-sep. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979102

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar y comparar el estado nutricional en poblaciones infanto-juveniles residentes en cuatro partidos de la provincia de Buenos Aires y observar si existen diferencias vinculadas a los contextos ambientales y socioeconómicos particulares, en el marco de la transición nutricional. Entre los ciclos lectivos 2008-2012, se relevó el peso y la talla y se calculó el índice de masa corporal de 7.873 escolares, entre 4 y 12 años de edad, residentes en los partidos de La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena y Punta Indio. La información acerca del contexto de residencia se obtuvo mediante encuesta estructurada y autoadministrada. Alrededor del 40% de los escolares presentó malnutrición, y prevalecieron el sobrepeso en La Plata, la obesidad en Punta Indio y la desnutrición en Magdalena. El estado nutricional se vinculó con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia y dio cuenta de que estas poblaciones se ubican en distintas etapas del proceso de transición nutricional.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status of child populations living in four counties of the province of Buenos Aires to observe differences related to particular environmental and socioeconomic contexts in the framework of the nutrition transition. During the school years corresponding to the 2008-2012 period, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated for 7,873 school children between the ages of 4 and 12 years from the counties of La Plata, Brandsen, Magdalena and Punta Indio. Information about the contexts of residence was obtained using self-administered structured surveys. About 40% of schoolchildren presented malnutrition, with a prevalence of overweight in La Plata, obesity in Punta Indio and undernutrition in Magdalena. The nutritional status of the study populations was associated with the socioenvironmental conditions of residence, indicating that these populations are at different stages of the nutrition transition process.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Nutritional Status , Malnutrition/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Argentina/epidemiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Malnutrition/diagnosis , Malnutrition/etiology , Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis , Pediatric Obesity/etiology
9.
Rev. biol. trop ; 66(3): 1078-1089, jul.-sep. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-977368

ABSTRACT

Resumen Pleopeltis macrocarpa y Microgramma mortoniana son dos helechos epífitos de la familia Polypodiaceae hallados con baja frecuencia en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara (Buenos Aires, Argentina). El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la morfogénesis de gametófitos epífitos para fortalecer poblaciones vulnerables y contribuir a su conservación. Se recolectaron hojas fértiles. Las esporas se sembraron en placas de Petri con medio de cultivo Dyer. Las esporas se caracterizaron por ser monoletes, elipsoidales, amarillentas y con ornamentación verrucosa. La germinación fue del tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo del gametofito es del tipo Drynaria. El esporofito de P. macrocarpa surgió a los 500 días y el de M. mortoniana a los 120. El patrón de germinación, el desarrollo del gametofito, el glóbulo lipídico en la célula protálica y los pelos unicelulares capitados en el margen podrían considerarse en la sistemática del grupo. La demora en la formación de esporofitos a través de la reproducción sexual, permite inferir que el éxito de su propagación estaría sujeto a la reproducción vegetativa.


Abstract The Punta Lara Natural Reserve is located on the riverside of the La Plata River in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the Southernmost relict in the world of subtropical riparian forest. The epiphytic ferns studied in this work belong to the Polypodiaceae family: Microgramma mortoniana and Pleopeltis macrocarpa. Plant communities are subject to high levels of anthropization and introduction of exotic species. The goals of this work are to provide information on the morphogenesis of epiphytic gametophytes and to extend knowledge of their life cycles, contributing to their conservation. Sowing was carried out in Dyer medium. In both species the spores are monolete, ellipsoidal, yellowish and with verrucate sculpture. The equatorial diameter is 60-61 μm, the polar diameter is 39-42 μm. The germination is the Vittaria type; in M. mortoniana occurs at 20 days, while in P. macrocarpa occurs at six days. The filaments are uniseriate of 3-6 cells in length. The gametophyte development is Drynaria type. The cordated form is given after 40 days. In M. mortoniana, buds originated after 40 days. In P. macrocarpa, after 120 days, clathrate trichomes scale-like appear mainly on the margins of the gametophyte. The gametangia are typical of leptosporangiate ferns. The sporophyte of M. mortoniana emerged after 120 days and that of P. macrocarpa arose after 500 days, its blades are simple, spatulate and unicellular and multicellular branching hairs were observed. The germination pattern, gametophyte development, the presence of a lipid globule in the prothalic cell and the formation of unicellular capitated hairs are relevant characters that could be considered for systematic group. The delay in the formation of sporophytes through sexual reproduction, allows us to infer that the success of their establishment in situ would be given by the vegetative reproduction through creeping rhizomes and buds of gametophytes. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(3): 1078-1089. Epub 2018 September 01.


Subject(s)
Argentina , Ferns/growth & development , Polypodiaceae/anatomy & histology , Germ Cells, Plant/growth & development
11.
Summa psicol. UST ; 15(1): 10-17, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094906

ABSTRACT

Las familias han estado sufriendo múltiples transformaciones en las últimas cinco décadas, experimentando cambios en su estructura, organización y sistema de relaciones. Esta investigación se da a la tarea de hacer una evaluación del grado de democratización con que los adolescentes perciben a sus familias, en el contexto de la ciudad de Querétaro (México). Utilizamos un enfoque cuantitativo con la aplicación de un cuestionario a adolescentes de secundaria (n = 286, M = 13.01±1.02 años) para medir cuatro rasgos de democratización familiar: convivencia, comunicación, violencia y autoritarismo. Encontramos una tendencia en la percepción entre adolescentes hacia evaluar a sus familias con rasgos de democratización. Sin embargo, aún hay rezagos del autoritarismo que se manifiestan en el ejercicio de la violencia como un medio para enfrentar los problemas intrafamiliares, presente en casi la mitad de los hogares estudiados (47.6%). Los hallazgos son un desafío para académicos/as y profesionales dedicados a la prevención de la violencia, para crear nuevas estrategias capaces de promover la justicia en las relaciones familiares.


During the last five decades, families have been undergoing multiple transformations, experiencing changes in their structure, organization and relationships. This research evaluates the degree of democratization with which adolescents perceive their families, in the context of the city of Querétaro (Mexico). This research uses a quantitative approach applying a questionnaire to high-school adolescents (n = 286, M = 13.01±1.02 years) in order to measure four features of family democratization: family coexistence, communication, violence and authoritarianism. We found a tendency in the perception of adolescents to evaluate their families with traces of democratization. However, there are still traces of authoritarianism that manifest in the use of violence as a means to deal with family problems, which is present in almost half of the households studied (47.6%). Findings present a challenge to academics and professionals dedicated to prevent violence, so as to create new strategies to promote justice in family coexistence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Family , Domestic Violence , Interpersonal Relations , Surveys and Questionnaires , Domestic Violence/prevention & control , Communication , Mexico
12.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 35(6): 658-668, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-990849

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: Los virus del dengue y chikungunya son transmitidos por la hembra de los mosquitos Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus, ampliamente distribuidos en zonas tropicales y subtropicales, lo que facilita la co-infección. Objetivo: Determinar la magnitud, la distribución geográfica y el cuadro clínico de la co-infección por dengue y chikungunya. Material y Métodos: Revisión narrativa. Búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y Lilacs, utilizando los términos MeSH "Chikungunya", "CHIKV", "DENV", "Dengue" y "coinfection. Se incluyeron los artículos de los últimos 20 años. Resultados: Se incluyeron 45 artículos. El mayor reporte de co-infección fue en Asia seguido de África. En las Américas la información es limitada por la reciente circulación del chikungunya. La magnitud de la co-infección varió entre 0 y 31,9%. No se encontraron diferencias en la distribución de la co-infección por sexo y edad. El cuadro clínico de la mono-infección y la co-infección fue similar. Algunos reportes de caso exponen cuadros graves con afección del sistema nervioso central, manifestaciones hemorrágicas y enfermedad de Still. Conclusión: Las manifestaciones clínicas de la co-infección por dengue y chikungunya son similares a la mono-infección, situación que dificulta el diagnóstico y la medición de su magnitud.


Background: Dengue and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by the female Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, facilitating coinfection. Aim: To determine the magnitude, geographical distribution and clinical picture of dengue and chikungunya coinfection. Material and Methods: Narrative review. A search in the PubMed and Lilacs databases was made, using the MeSH terms "Chikungunya", "CHIKV", "DENV", "Dengue" and "coinfection. The articles of the last 20 years were included. Results: A total of 45 articles were included. The largest coinfection report was in Asia followed by Africa. In the Americas, the information is limited because of the recent circulation of chikungunya. The magnitude of coinfection varies between 0% and 31.9%. No differences were found in the distribution of coinfection by sex and age. The clinical picture of monoinfection and coinfection was similar. Some case reports show severe cases with central nervous system involvement, hemorrhagic manifestations and Still's disease. Conclusion: The clinical manifestations of coinfection by dengue and chikungunya viruses are similar to those due to monoinfection, which difficult the diagnosis and measurement of its magnitude.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Dengue/virology , Coinfection/virology , Chikungunya Fever/virology , Severity of Illness Index , Chikungunya virus/genetics , Dengue/diagnosis , Dengue/mortality , Dengue/transmission , Dengue Virus/genetics , Coinfection/diagnosis , Coinfection/mortality , Coinfection/transmission , Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Chikungunya Fever/mortality , Chikungunya Fever/transmission , Mosquito Vectors , Genotype , Geography
13.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1118093

ABSTRACT

El embarazo en la adolescencia constituye un grave problema de la salud pública, más aún en nuestro país donde presenta un alto porcentaje de casos, lo que involucra mayores riesgos de salud reproductiva aumentando de esta manera la morbilidad y mortalidad. El objetivo es analizar los resultados perinatales, en los recién nacidos de las gestantes adolescentes en la maternidad del Hospital "Dr José R. Vidal" de la ciudad de Corrientes. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico y transversal comprendido entre Agosto-2015 a Julio-2016. La población en estudio estuvo conformada por recién nacidos de madres adolescentes entre 10 a19 años. Las variables fueron edad materna; semanas de gestación al momento del parto; peso del recién nacido de término; puntuación de Apgar y destino del recién nacido. Del total de partos el 22,14% fueron de madres adolescentes, de los cuales 77% correspondieron a nacimientos de término de peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (PAEG) (91,02%), con puntuación de Apgar normal (79%) que ingresaron a internación junto a la madre (82%). Los nacimientos de pretérmino resultaron 22,69%, siendo el 66,66% deprimidos moderados según Apgar y el 79,24% fueron trasladados a unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN). La frecuencia de embarazos adolescentes fue elevada, en cuanto a los resultados perinatales se observó peso adecuado, puntuación de Apgar normal einternación conjunta con la madre predominaron ampliamente en el recién nacido de termino.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Apgar Score , Pregnancy in Adolescence/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Premature , Public Health/statistics & numerical data , Morbidity/trends , Mortality , Parturition , Reproductive Health/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Parenting
14.
Odontol. vital ; jun. 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1506807

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar la eficacia del activo Nbelyax del esterilizante en frío Éviter™ con presencia de nanotecnología en tres diferentes cepas bacterianas que son de importancia en el sector odontológico: E. faecalis, S. aureus y Neisseria sp. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio experimental, observacional, cualitativo empleando las tres cepas. Se preparó el producto esterilizante Éviter a una dilución de 1:20. En un matraz Erlenmeyer de 250 mL se colocaron 99 mL del producto preparado, donde se inoculó cada cepa bacteriana, se dejó en contacto a dos tiempos diferentes: 5 y 30 minutos. Posteriormente se hizo el vaciado en placa de alícuota de 0,1 mL en 18 mL de soya tripticasa por cada caja de Petri, se incubó 48 horas a 37 °C, y se montó el experimento por duplicado. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó el programa estadístico SPSS versión 20.0 aplicando la prueba estadística McNemar. Resultados: mostraron que después de 5 minutos de contacto con el esterilizante en frío Éviter, las cepas E. faecalis y S. aureus presentaron desarrollo bacteriano; sin embargo, Neisseria sp. no mostró desarrollo. Las tres cepas bacterianas después de 30 minutos de contacto no presentaron desarrollo colonial. Al aplicarse la prueba estadística McNemar no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p?#8805;0,05). Con la muestra y metodología usada, se observó que el esterilizante quirúrgico en frío Éviter fue eficaz para eliminar los microorganismos de prueba en 30 minutos.


Purpose: The goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the active Nbelyax cold sterilant (Éviter™) with nanotechnology in three different bacterial strains of great importance in dentistry: E. faecalis, S. aureus and Neisseria sp. Materials and Method: An experimental, observational and qualitative study using three different bacterial strains was performed. The sterilant product was prepared at 1: 20 dilution. Then, in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask were poured 99 mL of the sterilant prepared, each bacterial strain was inoculated in same flask, allowing two different contact times: 5 and 30 minutes. Subsequently, an aliquot of 0.1 mL in 18 mL of trypticase soy per petri plaque was done using pour plate technique and incubated 48 hours at 37 °C. The experiment was done by duplicate. The SPSS statistical program version 20.0 was used, applying Mcnemar statistical test to analyze the results. Results: This research showed that after 5 minutes of contact with the cold sterilant Éviter, E. faecalis and S. aureus strains had bacterial growth, however Neisseria sp. did not have bacterial colonies growth. The three bacterial strains after 30 minutes of contact did not show colonies growth. McNemar test did not show significant statistical differences (p?#8805;0.05). Conclusions: With the sample and ramimethodology used, we observed that the recommended contact time of the cold sterilant Éviter product with nanotechnology to eliminate the microorganism tasted was 30 minutes.

15.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 20(2): 93-97, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961556

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Monitorear la eficacia de las autoclaves y realizar la validación rutinaria de los ciclos de esterilización. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, cualitativo y prospectivo de tres autoclaves de la Central de Equipos y Esterilización de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Tecnológica de México, incluyéndose 96 biocargas no quirúrgicas y quirúrgicas, de mayo del 2012 hasta abril del 2015. Se realizó una determinación mensual, según lo marca la NOM-013-SSA2-1994 modificación 2006, utilizando indicadores biológicos de rápida lectura (1292 3 M Attest®). La eficacia de la esterilización se definió como la aniquilación biológica producida en estos indicadores, y se realizó a través de un lector óptico automático (3 M Attest 290®), después de tres horas. En todas las lecturas se incluyó un testigo positivo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron resultados negativos en las lecturas de los indicadores biológicos utilizados en las autoclaves, obteniéndose 100% de eficacia en el proceso de esterilización en las biocargas quirúrgicas y no quirúrgicas. Todos los testigos fueron positivos. Conclusiones: Se corroboró la eficacia de las autoclaves de la Central de Equipos y Estirilización de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Tecnológica de México, cumpliendo con la Norma establecida por la Secretaría de Salud.


Objective: To monitor autoclave effectiveness and conduct routine validation of sterilization cycles. Material and methods: An observational, cross-sectioned, qualitative and prospective study of three Sterilization and Packing Center autoclaves of the Technological University of Mexico of the School of Dentistry was conducted. The study included 96 surgical and non-surgical packs, and spanned the period from May 2012 to April 2015. Monthly assessments were conducted, according to Official Mexican Norm stipulation number NOM-013-SSA2-1994, modification 2006, using rapid lecture biological indicators (1292 3 M Attest™). Sterilization efficiency was determined as biological annihilation elicited in these indicators. Effectiveness assessment was conducted after three hours with an automatic optic reader (3 M Attest 290™). A positive witness was included in all readings. Results: Negative results were obtained in biological indicators readings used in autoclaves. A 100% effectiveness was achieved in sterilization processes of surgical and non surgical packs. All witnesses were positive. Conclusions: The effectiveness of Sterilization and Packing Center autoclaves of the Technological University of Mexico of the School of Dentistry was corroborated. The Norm established by the Mexican Health Ministry was complied with.

16.
Psicol. teor. pesqui ; 32(3): e323210, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-829382

ABSTRACT

Abstract This study analyzed stereotypes on intimate partner violence (IPV) of heterosexual and same-sex couples. The participants, 232 Mexican college students, evaluated physical and psychological IPV exerted by men and women with different sexual orientations. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results indicate that men evaluated women and gay men as having a similar IPV, while men´s perceptions of IPV for these groups were higher than those of women. Women viewed heterosexual men as the most violent and evaluated the other groups with different degrees of IPV. Physical violence is regarded as natural in men, both gay and heterosexual. To conclude, the results suggest that IPV stereotypes are affected by the sex of the evaluators and by their sexual orientation. It is relevant to expand the scope of prevention programs.


Resumo Esta pesquisa avalia estereótipos sobre violência entre parceiros íntimos (VPI) relacionados a casais heterossexuais e homossexuais. Os/as participantes, 232 estudantes universitários mexicanos, avaliaram a VPI física e psicológica exercida por homens e mulheres com diferentes orientações sexuais. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Wilcoxon. Os resultados indicam que homens avaliaram mulheres e homens gays como apresentando níveis similares de VPI, sendo a percepção masculina sobre VPI nesses grupos superior à feminina. Mulheres percebem homens heterossexuais como mais violentos e atribuem graus diferentes de VPI para os demais grupos. A violência física é vista como natural em homens, homossexuais ou heterossexuais. Para concluir, é possível sugerir que estereótipos de VPI são influenciados pelo sexo do avaliador e por sua orientação sexual. É relevante ampliar o alcance de programas preventivos.

17.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 29(1): 37-41, 2016. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-790205

ABSTRACT

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic disease that affectsmillions of people worldwide. This study analyzed theeffectiveness of bleaching and tooth sensitivity after in-officebleaching in patients with SCD. Forty volunteers wererandomly assigned to four groups of 10 patients each (five withthe SCD and five healthy controls) and treated using in-officebleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide and different lightactivation protocols. No statistically significant difference wasobserved with relation to presence of tooth sensitivity, with orwithout use of a source of light for peroxide activation, and allbleaching therapies were effective, regardless of the techniqueemployed and the presence/absence of sickle cell disease. Thedata showed that in-office dental bleaching is a viablealternative for improvement of oral esthetics for patients with SCD.


A doença falciforme (DF) é a doença monogênica e afetamilhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Este estudo analisou aeficácia do clareamento e a presença de sensibilidadedentinária após clareamento dental em portadores de DF.Quarenta voluntários distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatrogrupos com diferentes fontes de luz foram submetidos à técnicade clareamento em consultório, utilizando peróxido dehidrogênio a 35%. Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisti -ca mente significativas em relação á presença de sensibilidade,com ou sem a utilização de uma fonte de luz para acelerar aativação do peróxido e todos os clareamentos foram efetivos,independentemente da técnica utilizada e da presença/ausênciade DF. Os dados mostraram que o clareamento dental em consultório, utilizando peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% é uma alternativa viável para melhoria da estética em pacientes com DF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications , Dental Care for Chronically Ill/methods , Tooth Bleaching/adverse effects , Dentin Sensitivity/etiology , Brazil , Esthetics, Dental , Hydrogen Peroxide/adverse effects , Data Interpretation, Statistical
18.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(5): 662-668, Aug. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-755900

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the aetiologic agent of diphtheria, also represents a global medical challenge because of the existence of invasive strains as causative agents of systemic infections. Although tellurite (TeO32-) is toxic to most microorganisms, TeO32--resistant bacteria, including C. diphtheriae, exist in nature. The presence of TeO32--resistance (TeR) determinants in pathogenic bacteria might provide selective advantages in the natural environment. In the present study, we investigated the role of the putative TeR determinant (CDCE8392_813gene) in the virulence attributes of diphtheria bacilli. The disruption of CDCE8392_0813 gene expression in the LDCIC-L1 mutant increased susceptibility to TeO32- and reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide), but not to other antimicrobial agents. The LDCIC-L1 mutant also showed a decrease in both the lethality of Caenorhabditis elegansand the survival inside of human epithelial cells compared to wild-type strain. Conversely, the haemagglutinating activity and adherence to and formation of biofilms on different abiotic surfaces were not regulated through the CDCE8392_0813 gene. In conclusion, the CDCE8392_813 gene contributes to the TeR and pathogenic potential of C. diphtheriae.

.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Bacterial Proteins/physiology , Caenorhabditis elegans/physiology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/pathogenicity , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Tellurium/pharmacology , Virulence Factors/physiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Adhesion , Caenorhabditis elegans/microbiology , Corynebacterium diphtheriae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Virulence
19.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 60(4): 357-364, Jul-Aug/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-720990

ABSTRACT

Objective: to evaluate the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms among 6 and 7-year old schoolchildren in Fortaleza, Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional study using the rhinitis module of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. The sample included 2,020 students from public and private schools, in 2010. Results: the prevalence of cumulative rhinitis, active rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and physician-diagnosed rhinitis was 49.9%, 42%, 15.4% and 28.1%, respectively, being significantly more prevalent among private school students (OR = 0.55, 95CI: 0.46 - 0.66, p < 0.001; OR = 0.50, 95CI: 0.41 - 0.60, p < 0.001; OR = 0.67, 95CI: 0.52 - 0.85, p < 0.001; OR = 0.15, 95CI: 0.12 - 0.19, p < 0.001, respectively), without differences between genders. Interference with daily activities was reported by 25.3%, while 5.7% reported to be moderately or severely affected, without a difference between genders. Conclusion: the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms and associated morbidity among 6-7-year old schoolchildren in Fortaleza was above the Brazilian average, with predominance among private school students, without difference between genders. It was observed that rhinitis was underdiagnosed in this population. .


Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de sintomas de rinite em crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade, em Fortaleza. Métodos: foi aplicado o questionário ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), módulo rinite, em estudo de desenho transversal de base populacional, com amostragem probabilística de 2.020 escolares de escolas públicas e privadas, em 2010. Resultados: a prevalência de rinite cumulativa, rinite ativa, rinoconjuntivite alérgica e rinite diagnosticada foi, respectivamente, 49,9, 42, 15,4 e 28,1%, com predomínio de forma significativa entre as crianças das escolas particulares (RC = 0,55, IC95%: 0,46 a 0,66, p < 0,001; RC = 0,50, IC95%: 0,41 a 0,60, p < 0,001; RC = 0,67, IC95%: 0,52 a 0,85, p < 0,001; RC = 0,15, IC95%: 0,12 a 0,19, p < 0,001, respectivamente), e sem diferença entre os gêneros. Interferência dos sintomas com as atividades diárias foi relatada por 25,3% dos pesquisados, e 5,7% relataram ser moderada ou intensamente afetados, sem diferença entre os gêneros. Conclusão: a prevalência de sintomas de rinite e da morbidade associada, entre crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade, em Fortaleza, mostrou-se acima da média nacional, com predomínio no grupo das escolas privadas, e sem diferença entre os gêneros. Observou-se também que rinite é subdiagnosticada entre as crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade, em Fortaleza. .


Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Rhinitis/classification , Rhinitis/diagnosis , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Urban Population
20.
J. bras. pneumol ; 39(2): 128-137, mar.-abr. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673303

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Descrever as prevalências de asma e rinite em adolescentes de 13-14 anos de idade em Fortaleza (CE) em 2010 e compará-las com as prevalências obtidas em um inquérito em 2006-2007. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostragem probabilística de 3.015 e 3.020 adolescentes, respectivamente, em 2006-2007 e 2010, utilizando o protocolo do International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os dois períodos, não houve diferenças significativas em relação a sibilos cumulativos, asma ativa, quatro ou mais crises de sibilos no último ano, prejuízo do sono por sibilos > 1 noite/semana e crises limitando a fala. Em 2010, houve um aumento significativo na prevalência de sibilos após exercícios, tosse seca noturna e asma diagnosticada (p < 0,01 para todos). Em 2010, houve uma redução significativa na prevalência de rinite diagnosticada (p = 0,01), enquanto não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois períodos nas prevalências de rinite cumulativa, rinite atual e rinoconjuntivite. Em ambos os períodos, tosse seca noturna, rinite atual e rinoconjuntivite foram significativamente mais prevalentes nas mulheres que nos homens (p < 0,01 para todos). Também nos dois períodos, asma ativa, rinite atual e rinoconjuntivite foram significativamente mais prevalentes nos alunos das escolas particulares do que naqueles das escolas públicas (p < 0,01 para todos). CONCLUSÕES: Nossos dados mostram que as prevalências de sintomas de asma e rinite continuam altas entre os adolescentes de 13-14 anos em Fortaleza, com predomínio no gênero feminino e em alunos de escolas particulares.


OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis in adolescents (13-14 years of age) in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil, in 2010, comparing the results with those obtained in a prevalence survey conducted in 2006-2007. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving probabilistic samples of 3,015 and 3,020 adolescents in surveys conducted in 2006-2007 and 2010, respectively. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood protocol was used on both occasions. RESULTS: Comparing the two periods, there were no significant differences regarding cumulative wheezing, active asthma, four or more wheezing attacks within the last year, sleep disturbed by wheezing more than one night per week, and speech-limiting wheezing. The prevalences of exercise-induced wheezing, dry cough at night, and physician-diagnosed asthma were significantly higher in 2010 than in the 20062007 period (p < 0.01 for all). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed rhinitis was significantly lower in 2010 (p = 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences between the two periods regarding cumulative rhinitis, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis. In both periods, dry cough at night, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis were significantly more prevalent in females than in males (p < 0.01 for all). Also in both periods, active asthma, current rhinitis, and rhinoconjunctivitis were more prevalent in private school students than in public school students (p < 0.01 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the prevalences of asthma and rhinitis symptoms remain high among females and private school students.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Asthma/epidemiology , Conjunctivitis, Allergic/epidemiology , Cough/epidemiology , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Private Sector/statistics & numerical data , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors
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