ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To prepare Brevisc apine（BRE） nanocrystals，and to evaluate its quality. METHODS ：BRE nanocrystal suspensions were prepared by media milling method. The diameter and amount of grinding beads ，grinding time ，type and ratio of stabilizer ，BRE ratio were investigated to screen the optimal technology and formulation with particle size and polydispersity index （PDI） as evaluation indexes. Using morphology ，color，particle size and PDI of BRE nanocrystals as evaluation index ，different lyoprotectants （50％ mannitol，5％ glucose，5％ lactose）and without lyoprotectant were investigated to screen the optimal lyoprotectant. Particle size analyzer ，scanning electron microscope （SEM），X-Ray diffraction （XRPD）， differential scanning calorimeter （DSC）were used to evaluate the quality of BRE nanocrystals which was prepared with the optimal technology and formulation. RESULTS ：The optimal technology and formulation of BRE nanocrystals included that particle size of 0.6 mm zirconia beads with the amount of 450 g，grinding time of 1 h，stabilizer of 15％ Tween-80，BRE ratio of 25％，without lyoprotectant. Prepared BRE nanocrystals were yellow powder with loose texture and uniform color. The average particle size of BRE nanocrystals was （283.10±3.08）nm，average PDI was （0.212±0.021）and average Zeta potential was （－38.48±0.39）mV. BRE nanocrystals were rod-like crystals ，uniform in distribution and had no change in crystalline state. Accumulative dissolution of BRE nanocrystals were （90.37±1.22）％ within 20 min. Under the condition of （40±2）℃ temperature and （75±5）％ relative humidity，BRE nanocrystals remained stable after being kept away from light for 3 months. CONCLUSIONS ：Established preparation method of BRE nanocrystals is simple and feasible. Prepared BRE nanocrystals show good stablility and dissolution.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To understand the pharmacists’knowledge for the rational drug use in the elderly,and to provide ref-erence for promoting the role of pharmacists in it. METHODS:A questionnaire was designed according to the Beers Criteria(2012 edition)to investigate the situation of pharmacists’(who were from some third-grade class-A hospitals in Guangzhou and some sec-ond-grade class-A hospitals in Foshan)knowledge for rational drug use in the elderly,and the data was statistically analyzed. RE-SULTS:Totally 190 questionnaires were sent out,and 176 were recycled with effective recovery of 92.63%. In the investigation, 30.11% of the pharmacists knew the knowledge well,23.30% was poor,and the rest was moderate. From 20 questions,the cor-rect answer rate more than 80% was only 5. Pharmacists in clinical pharmacy department showed higher score than those in non-clinical pharmacy department,the difference was statistically significant(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacists are not familiar with the rational use of drugs knowledge in the elderly well,and the understanding is related to working department,professional title and working time. It is necessary to strengthen the training and examination of pharmacists in rational drug use in the elderly,value and develop the construction of clinical pharmacy for the elderly actively.
ABSTRACT
Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions (STOPP criteria) version 1 was first launched by geriatricians from Cork University Hospital (Ireland) in 2008.The criteria played a positive role in identifying potentially inappropriate prescriptions.It could also enhance the supervision of drug abuse and reduce adverse drug reactions in the elderly.Recently,a new version of STOPP was published,with updated,more practical and evidence-based guidance.Here we translated and edited the new version of STOPP,in order to provide a valuable reference for physicians and pharmacists and promote rational drug use in elderly patients.