ABSTRACT
Sleep deprivation may have grave health consequences; resulting in increased disease morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of poor sleep quality is higher among medical compared to non-medical students and the general population. Poor sleep quality affects the academic performance of medical students and also their work performance in the future when they become practitioners. Hence, in this background, the present study was conducted. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students, its determinants and also its association with academic performance. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Medical College, Wayanad District, Kerala, between May and November 2018. All the undergraduate medical students of the college were the study subjects. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested self-administered questionnaire, i.e., the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Completed responses were obtained from a total of 684 students. Results: 62.4% were found to have good sleep quality and 37.6% poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was more among 17–19 years age group, males, married, Phase I MBBS students, NRI quota students, subjects belonging to religion “others,” urban origin students and day scholars. However, only phase of MBBS and place of origin were found to have a statistically significant association (P=<0.01 for both). The prevalence of poor sleep quality was more among those who had failed in the previous university exam/internal assessment or who had passed in pass class when compared to those who had secured distinction/I/II class. However, the association was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.39). Conclusions: The prevalence of poor sleep quality among the study subjects was lower. There was a significant association of male sex and Phase I, MBBS with poor sleep quality. There was no significant association between sleep quality and academic performance.
ABSTRACT
Internet has literally percolated every aspect of human life today including social communication, education, research, health seeking, banking, business, shopping, administration, and entertainment, so much so that we cannot imagine our lives without internet. However, internet can be misused and excess internet use can be pathological and addictive. Younger population and especially college students are more vulnerable to this addiction because of their psychosocial and environmental characteristics. This internet addiction can lead to various psychological, physical, as well as social problems. Hence, in this background, the present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of internet addiction among medical students and also its determinants. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done at DM Wayanad Institute of Medical Sciences, Wayanad District, Kerala, between January and June 2018. All the undergraduate medical students of the college were the study subjects. Data were collected using a predesigned and pretested self-administered questionnaire (Young’s internet addiction test). Completed responses were obtained from a total of 729 students. Results: 5.5% were found to have no internet addiction and 94.5% were found to have internet addiction. 60.8%, 31.3%, and 2.5% were found to have mild, moderate and severe internet addiction, respectively. The prevalence of internet addiction was more among males compared to females, Part II, final phase students compared to other phase students, management quota students compared to other quota students, Christians compared to other religions, urban origin students compared to rural origin, and day scholars compared to hostellites. However, only sex, phase of MBBS, and place of origin were found to have a statistically significant association (P= <0.01, 0.026 and 0.049 respectively). There was a weak negative correlation (r = −0.117) between the percentage of marks obtained in previous university examination and IA scores, and the correlation was found to be statistically significant (P= <0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of internet addiction among the study subjects was significantly more compared to other studies. Sex, phase of MBBS, and place of origin were found to have a statistically significant association with internet addiction. There was a negative correlation between the degree of internet addiction and academic performance.
ABSTRACT
Yoghurt is a dairy product obtained by fermentation of milk using starter culture Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. Application of dietary fibre and iron salt fortification in the manufacture of yoghurt enhances its nutritive and therapeutic value. Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal that contains soluble fibre β – glucan renders several health benefits. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to develop iron salt fortified, cow milk and oat milk blended yoghurt and in-vitro bioavailability of the iron from the yoghurt was explored. The optimization of oat milk tried at different levels and was accepted at 20 % level and fortification of cow milk – oat milk blended yoghurt with ferrous sulphate fortified at different levels and was accepted at 10mg. Experimental yoghurt samples tested for sensory, chemical parameters, microbiological test and in-vitro bio-availability. The yoghurt samples showed (12%) of iron was maximum bio-availability from yoghurt fortified with ferrous sulphate followed by control and cow milk-oat milk blended yoghurt showed 10.2% and 8.52% respectively. The bio-availability of iron was reduced due to interfere of dietary fibre in yoghurt.