ABSTRACT
Tissue engineering is mainly used to replace the impaired or damaged tissues with new tissues. The key cells involved for tissue engineering are stem cells, the morphogens or growth factors. They will rapidly multiply and differentiates and forms tissues. This new technique is now most commonly used in endodontics. The aim of this study was to review about the dental pulp stem cells, which are most common growth factors, and the scaffolds used to control their differentiation. To study the clinical technique for the management of immature non-vital teeth based on this novel concept.
ABSTRACT
Ozone (O3) gas discovered in the mid-nineteenth century is a molecule consisting of three atoms of oxygen in a dynamically unstable structure due to the presence of mesomeric states. Ozone therapy has been utilized and heavily studied for more than a century. Its effects are proven, consistent, safe and with minimal and preventable side effects. Medical O3 is used to disinfect and treat disease. Mechanism of actions is by inactivation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeast and protozoa, stimulation of oxygen metabolism, activation of the immune system. Medication forms in a gaseous state are somewhat unusual, and it is for this reason that special application techniques have had to be developed for the safe use of O3. In local applications as in the treatment of external wounds, its application in the form of a transcutaneous O3 gas bath has established itself as being the most practical and useful method, for example at low (sub-atmospheric) pressure in a closed system guaranteeing no escape of O3 into the surrounding air. Ozonized water, whose use is particularly known in dental medicine, is optimally applied as a spray or compress. Diseases treated are infected wounds, circulatory disorders, geriatric conditions, macular degeneration, viral diseases, rheumatism/arthritis, cancer, SARS and AIDS.