Profilaxis universal para citomegalovirus en pacientes pediátricos con trasplante renal / Universal prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus in pediatric renal transplant patients

Citomegalovirus (CMV) es el agente infeccioso más importante entre los receptores de trasplante renal. La infección ocurre entre el segundo y sexto mes después del trasplante. Dada la implicación del CMV en la evolución del trasplante renal es necesario el uso racional de tratamiento antivirales. En nuestro medio la realización de antigenemia para CMV resulta costosa y no disponible en instituciones públicas, por lo que se administra profilaxis a todos los pacientes trasplantados. Describir evolución clínica de pacientes pediátricos con trasplante renal quienes recibieron profilaxis universal para citomegalovirus. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, en pacientes trasplantados relanes del Hospital de Niños J.M. de Los Ríos, período enero 2008 julio 2009 quienes recibieron profilaxis universal para CMV. Se describe la evolución de dichos pacientes en los primeros 6 meses postrasplante, evaluando signos/síntomas que sugirieren enfermedad por CMV. Se realizó comparación estadística entre dos grupos de pacientes según seropositividad para CMV, determinando medidas de tendencias central , prueba Chi cuadrado. Se estuadiaron 20 pacientes, 18 (90%) sexo femenino y 2 (10%) masculino. Edad `promedio 12,9 años (DE±3,2). Patología base: 10 com glomerulopatía (50%) y 10 (50%) malformación sistema urinario. De total, 14 (70%) tenían IgG positiva para CMV; donantes 19 (95%). En 6 (30%) receptor negativo, donante seropositivo (R-/D+). Uno de los individuos (5%) evolucionó tórpidamente, el resto 19 (95%) no presentó síntomas, alteraciones hematológicas y/o de química sanguínea compatible con enfermedad por CMV. En el grupo R-/D+ el porcentaje de rechazo fue 50% (3/6) y en el grupo R±/D± 42,9% (3/14), sin diferencia estadísticamente significativas. La mayoría de los pacientes se mantuvieron sin manifestaciones compatibles con enfermedad por CMV al recibir profilaxis universal.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most important infection agent in renal transplant recipients. Infection occurs between the second and the sixth month posttransplant. Because of the importance of the CMV in the course of renal transplant, it is neccesary the rational use of antiviral treatments. In our hospitals, the practice of antigenemia for CMV is of high cost and it cannot be performed in public institutions, and the regular practice is to provide universal prophylaxis to transplant patients. To describe clinical cource of pediatrics patients with renal transplant who received iniversal prophylaxis for CMV. Descriptive and retrospective study, including kidney transplanted patients admitted in the Children Hospital J.M. de Los Ríos, from January 2008 to July 2009, who received universal prophylaxis for CMV. Description of patients outcome during the first six months after transplantation, evaluating signs and symptoms of probable CMV. Comparisons between two groups of patients taking into account the seropositivity for CMV. Meassurement of central tendency, Chi square. Twenty patients were included, 18 (90%) women, and 2 (10%) men. Mean age 12.9 years (DE ± 3.2). Co morbidities were glomerulopathy 50% (10) and malformations of the urinary tract 50%. Of the total, 70% (14) were positive for IgG CMV; 95% of donors (19). In 6 (30%) the receptor was negative, and the donor positive (R-/ D+). One of the patients presented a tropid outcome, while the others (95%) were clinically well with no laboratory abnormalities. In the group R-/D+ the percentage of kidney rejection was 50% (3/6) and in the group R+/D+42,9%(3/14), without statistical significant difference. Most of the patients did not have clinical signs of CMV sickness while receiving universal prophylaxis.

Factores de virulencia de Escherichia coli aviar asociados a la colisepticemia en pollos de engorde / Avian Escherichia coli virulence factors associated with coli septicemia in broiler chickens

In order to detect phenotypic characteristics associated with pathogenicity, 25 strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from clinical cases of colisepticemia in broiler chickens, were examined to determine the following properties: colicinogenicity, colicin V production, type 1 fimbriae, hemolysin expression and motility. Colicinogenicity occurred in 72 of the strains, 56 of all strains produced colicin V, 84 were positive for type 1 fimbriae and 80 were positive for motility. None of the strains had hemolytic activity; however, all of them, expressed at least one of the other characteristics studied. These results suggest that the diversity of phenotypes detected partially explain the multifactorial nature of avian colisepticemia.