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1.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2015; 10(11): 1-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-181847

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is associated with a high rate of complete eradication and a reduced risk of disease progression. Nevertheless, recent data indicate that about one third of patients had disease recurrence after reaching complete remission. Aim: To evaluate whether probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) can determine complete eradication of BE as compared to histopathology from biopsy after complete RFA for optimized diagnosis in real-time and guide subsequent therapy. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing RFA for treatment of BE were prospectively included. pCLE was performed after complete eradication (CE) of dysplasia (CE-D) or intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) was reached. CE was defined as complete eradication of BE as documented by histopathology obtained from mucosal biopsies. Residual BE was defined as the presence of intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia in standard surveillance biopsies. Two experienced gastrointestinal pathologists confirmed pathology findings. Results: Based on histopathological analysis 33% of patients (3/9) had high-grade dysplasia, and 67% (6/9) had low-grade dysplasia. RFA was successfully performed in all patients (median age 60±10 yrs.). Three (33%) patients underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) followed by RFA. Patients received a median of 3±0.6 treatment sessions of RFA after which EGD with biopsies and pCLE were performed. pCLE documented CE-D and CE-IM in 78% and 44% of patients, while histology did in 90% and 67% respectively. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of pCLE for real time diagnosis of residual BE after completed RFA treatment was 80% (95% CI 0.43–0.98), 75% (95% CI 0.28–0.98), and 78% (95% CI 0.36–0.98), respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 80% (95% CI 0.42–0.98) and 75% (95% CI 0.28–0.98). Conclusion: pCLE is yet not reliable for In vivo diagnosis of residual BE after complete RFA in real time. Larger, prospective studies are now highly warranted to further proof this initial concept.

2.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 37(2): 110-117, Jun. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-472413

ABSTRACT

Despite its declining incidence gastric cancer still ranks as the second most common malignancy of the digestive tract, accounting for 10% of cancer deaths worldwide. At the time of the diagnosis less than 15% of the patients are in the stage of early cancer, the only stage in which a definite cure of gastric cancer is possible. Therefore the challenges are either early detection or even better prevention of gastric cancer. H. pylori has become recognized as the major risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Epidemiological, biological, histomorphologic, molecular-genetic, epidemiological evidence and more recently few clinical trails have shown that H. pylori eradication has the potential to prevent the development of gastric cancer. Currently, H. pylori eradication is an indication for the prevention of gastric cancer in patients and groups of individuals with strongly increased risk, but further investigations are still required before an implementation of a general and global policy to eradicate H. pylori for the prevention of gastric cancer can be instituted. At present time, the main challenge remains to find out at what point mucosal abnormalities are no longer reversible and gastric cancer development cannot be prevented despite H. pylori eradication.


A pesar de la disminución en su incidencia, aún hoy el cáncer gástrico se presenta como la segunda causa más común de muerte por enfermedad maligna del tubo digestivo, siendo responsable del 10% de las muertes por cáncer a nivel mundial. Al momento del diagnóstico menos del 15% de los pacientes se encuentran en la etapa de cáncer gástrico temprano, el único estadío en el cual es posible su curación. Por lo tanto, el desafío está en la detección temprana o aún mejor, en la prevención del cáncer gástrico. H. pylori ha sido reconocido como el factor de riesgo más importante para el desarrollo del adenocarcinoma de estómago. Evidencia epidemiológica, biológica, histológica, molecular y más recientemente algunos estudios clínicos han demostrado que la erradicación del H. pylori tiene el potencial de prevenir el desarrollo de lesiones premalignas y del cáncer gástrico. Actualmente la erradicación del H. pylori está indicada para la prevención del cáncer gástrico en pacientes y grupos de individuos con alto riesgo, pero futuras investigaciones son aún necesarias antes de que sea establecida una política global para la erradicación del H. pylori en la prevención del cáncer gástrico. Actualmente el mayor desafío radica en encontrar en qué punto los cambios en la mucosa gástrica se tornan irreversibles, siendo el cáncer gástrico no prevenible a pesar de la erradicación del H. pylori.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control , Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity , Stomach Neoplasms/prevention & control , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Adenocarcinoma/microbiology , Early Diagnosis , Gastritis, Atrophic/complications , Helicobacter Infections/complications , Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology , Helicobacter pylori/cytology , Precancerous Conditions , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology
3.
Acta gastroenterol. latinoam ; 37(4): 216-223, 2007. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-490738

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la endoscopía de doble balón (EDB) es un nuevo método endoscópico para examinar el intestino delgado. Objetivo: evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico y terapéutico de la EDB. Pacientes y métodos: todos los pacientes que fueron evaluados por sospecha de patología del intestino delgado durante un período de 2 1/2 años en un estudio de cohorte prospectivo unicéntrico. A todos los pacientes se les realizó al menos una EGD y una colonoscopía previa. Todos los pacientes recibieron preparación del intestino delgado el día previo al procedimiento usando preparación estándar de colon. Resultados: se realizaron 225 EDB en 178 pacientes (95 hombres, 83 mujeres; edad mediana 59 años, rango 12-93); vía oral (n=160), vía anal (n=65). Las indicaciones de EDB incluyeron (una o más indicaciones por paciente): sangrado gastrointestinal de origen oscuro (n=83), sospecha o evaluación de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn (n=35), diarrea, malabsorción o sospecha de enfermedad celíaca (n=11), búsqueda y remoción de pólipos en pacientes con síndrome de Peutz-Jehgers o síndrome de poliposis adenomatosa familiar (n=23), búsqueda de tumor primario o seguimiento (n=14), dolor abdominal(n=6) y misceláneas (isquemia, engrosamiento de pliegues en estudios radiológicos, etc); (n=6). La duración media del procedimiento fue de 50 minutos (rango 20- 150 min). La exposición media a radiación fue 206 d Gy/cm2 (rango 0-1492). La inserción media en intestino delgado fue de 180 cm, con un rango de 5 cm a a totalidad del intestino delgado (650 cm, rango 20 cm a 650 cm), inserción media por vía oral fue de 240 cm, y por vía anal 65 cm (rango 10 cm a 150 cm). Un nuevo diagnóstico fue realizado o confirmado en 108 de 178 pacientes (60%). Los hallazgos incluyeron: angiodisplasias, ulceraciones, yeyunopatía por hipertensión portal, estenosis, pólipos (incluyendo hamartomas en pacientes con síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers y lipoma), yeyunitis isquémica y normal. DBE resultó en una intervención...


Introduction: Double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) is a new endoscopic method for the examination of the small intestine. Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield and therapeutic utility of DBE. Patients and methods: All patients undergoing DBE using a Fujinon intestinoscope for suspected small bowel diseases during a 2 1/2 year period were studied in a prospective single-center cohort study. All patients underwent rior EGD and colonoscopy. Patients underwent small bowel cleansing on the day before the procedure using a standard colon lavage solution. Results: 225 DBE in 178 patients, (95 males, 83 females; mean age 59 years-old, range 12-93); oral route (n=160), anal (n=65). Indications (one or more per patient): GI bleeding (n=83), suspected Crohn’s disease or evaluation of small bowel involvement or complications (n=35), diarrhea or malabsorption or suspected celiac disease (n=11), polyp removal in Peutz-Jeghers’ syndrome or familial polyposis (n=23), tumor surveillance or search of primary tumor (n=14), abdominal pain (n=6) and miscellaneous (n=6). Mean duration of the procedure was 50 min, range 20 min to 150 min. Mean radiation exposure: 206 d Gy/cm2 (range 0-1492). The overall mean depth of small bowel insertion was 180 cm, ranging from 5 cm to the entire small bowel (650 cm). The mean depth of insertion via the oral route was 240 cm (range 20 cm to 650 cm) and via the anal route it was 65 cm (range 10 cm a 150 cm). A new diagnosis was reached in 108/178 patients (60%). Findings included: angiodysplasia, ulcerations, stenosis, polyps, portal jejunopathy, ischemic jejunitis and normal. DBE resulted in a therapeutic intervention (endoscopic, medical or surgical, excluding blood transfusions) in 64% (115/178) of the patients. Conclusions: DBE was clinically useful for reaching a new diagnosis and to start new therapies, change existing therapies, and perform an operative intervention or to provide therapeutic endoscopy in...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , /methods , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/methods , Intestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Intestinal Diseases/therapy , Prospective Studies
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