ABSTRACT
nRBCs also referred to as normoblasts are seen in the peripheral blood films invariable numbers; both in physiological as well as pathologic states. Enumeration ofthese cells by modern day automated analysers remains a challenge. We wanted toassess the precision of the Beckman Coulter LH 755 & 780 haematology analysersTMin enumerating the nRBC count.METHODSThis is a retrospective study conducted in the Clinical Laboratory and HaematologyDivision of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal over a 3-month period on the BeckmanCoulter LH 755 & 780 haematology analysersTM (Beckman Coulter Inc., Miami, FL,USA) after obtaining requisite clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Adata of 47,332 random blood samples run on the analysers was collected. Bothdescriptive and analytical statistics were performed using the SPSS softwareversion 22.0TM (Chicago, IL, USA). The sensitivity, specificity and kappa agreementwere calculated using the same.RESULTSA total of 797 cases from the 47,332 samples showed a “flag” for nRBCs. TwoTwenty of these cases were confirmed microscopically to have had nRBCs in theperipheral smear (true positives). 137 cases had nRBCs in the smear but were notdefinitively evaluated by the instrument (false negatives). A vast majority of thecases (577) did not reveal any nRBC on microscopic examination despite a flaggenerated by the machine (false positives). Additionally, a sensitivity of 27.6% andspecificity of 99.7% were also noted. The kappa agreement was 0.376 whichshowed a fair agreement between the two methods.CONCLUSIONSThe automated haematology analysers Beckman Coulter LH 755 & 780 were foundto be less sensitive in adequately enumerating the nucleated red blood cells. Thenumber of false positives can be reduced by noting the ‘cellular interference’ flag. Amanual review of such smears is necessary to confirm or refute such instrument
ABSTRACT
Background: Organophosphorus compounds are anticholinesterases by inhibiting cholinesterase it protects acetyl chorine from hydrolysis. So, acetylcholine accumulates at the synapses, and all the clinical manifestation are due to that. So, this study has been designed to establish the reactive between level of serum and prognosis of op poisoning patients.Methods: Patient with history of organophosphorus poisoning admitted into the emergency department with following exclusion and inclusion criteria were included in this study. All patients were managed as per standard treatment protocol of op poisoning. Various parameters like demography of the patients, sign and symptoms, severity of intoxication, clinical and lab parameter manoring, Serum cholinesterase was measured every alternate day.Results: 22(47.84%) patients have mild symptom out of that 20 patient抯 serum cholinesterase was more than 2000 IU/L, and 2(4.3%) patients serum cholinesterase was between 1000-2000 IU/L. In eighteen patient抯 severity as per POP scale was moderate, out of that 2(4.3%) patients have serum cholinesterase was below 1000 IU/L, 8 having serum cholinesterase between 1000 to 2000 IU/L, and remaining eight having serum cholinesterase above 2000 IU/L.Conclusions: Serum cholinesterase was less in patient with high severity score or low serum concentration of cholinesterase was associated with high severity score. Serum cholinesterase was improved as days passes.
ABSTRACT
Background: Dental anxiety is a common problem, which can affect people of all ages, but appears to develop mostly in childhood. Practitioners use numerous methods to control dental anxiety in children during the dental procedures. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) inhalation sedation and video-eyeglass distraction (VED) in the management of anxious pediatric patients during dental extraction. Methods:The study was conducted on 40 children aged 6-12 years who required extraction of at-least one mandibular primary molar under local anesthesia. The children were randomly divided into two groups with 20 children in each – Group-A wearing video-eyeglass and Group-B using N2O/O2 inhalation sedation during dental extraction. The physiological assessment was done by recording heart rate using fingertip pulse oximeter. The psychological assessment was done by recording base line anxiety before the treatment and post treatment anxiety at the completion of extraction using Venham’s anxiety scale (VAS). Independent t-test with p value <0.05 level of significance was used to compare means of two groups. Results: Comparison of Venham’s anxiety score of participants at the completion of extraction, showed statistically no significant difference (p=0.946). The mean pulse rate recorded at different time points between the two groups was also statistically non-significant (P=0.923, 0.957, 1.00 respectively). Conclusion: Both N2O/O2 inhalation sedation and VED were equally effective in reducing anxiety during dental extraction but considering the adverse effects and requirement of expert personnel in N2O/O2 inhalation sedation, VED may be preferred because of its better applicability.
ABSTRACT
Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (SLVL) is a rare malignancy that comprises less than 1% of lymphoid neoplasms, characterized by the presence of small atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and bone marrow and splenic infiltration in the white and red pulp. It must be distinguished from other chronic lymphoproliferative disorders that present with a similar clinical and hematological profile. Here, we report a case of SLVL in a 60-year-old male with leukocytosis, massive splenomegaly, and relatively few small sized leukemic cells presenting with a Coomb’s positive hemolytic anemia. It was initially diagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The immunophenotyping studies and marrow examination indicated a diagnosis of SLVL. This case highlights the diagnostic pitfalls associated with this rare disorder.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>BacoMind (BM) is a standardized extract of Bacopa monnieri, which belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is a creeping annual plant found throughout the Indian subcontinent. It has been used by Ayurvedic medicinal practitioners in India for almost 3000 years and is classified as a medharasayana, a substance which improves memory and intellect. With the widespread traditional use as well as scientific validation of Bacopa monnieri for nootropic activity, a bioactive-rich unique phytochemical composition-BacoMind was developed from B. monnieri for use as a cognition and memory enhancing agent. The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro toxicity of this formulation of BacoMind on human lymphocytes and to rule out its possible contribution to mutagenicity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present investigation the active ingredients present in BM were identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Antioxidant and anticlastogenic properties of BM were studied in vitro with and without metabolic activation. Doses of BM were chosen on the basis of mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI). Clastogenicity assays were performed at 31.2 microg/mL, 62.5 microg/mL, and 125 microg/mL, while the Salmonella reverse mutation assay (Ames test) was performed at doses of 61.72, 185.18, 555.55, 1666.67, and 5000.00 microg/plate.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC and HPTLC analysis of BM revealed the presence of bacoside A3, bacopaside I, bacopaside II, jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C, bacosine, luteolin, apigenin, bacosine, and beta-sitosterol D glucoside. BM demonstrated significant antioxidant activity. The number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequency of micronuclei induced by BM were not statistically significant up to a dose of 62.5 microg/mL. A subsequent dose of 125 microg/mL prior to metabolic activation induced mild clastogenicity, but it was found to be biologically insignificant as this effect was not seen post metabolic activation. BM also demonstrated a dose-dependent protection against the clastogens used in this study using the above tests for clastogenicity. Maximum protection was observed in presence of metabolic activation. Moreover, BM demonstrated no mutagenic effect on the tested strains, as observed in the Ames test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>BM protected human lymphocytes against various clastogens. BM also exhibited high antioxidant activity which might be responsible for the observed protective effects against the clastogens since the used clastogens are known to induce their clastogenic effects via production of oxidative radicals.</p>