ABSTRACT
some recent research have reported increased stability in mechanisms of adhesion to dentin in remove of collagen fiber of the dentin surface.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite in microleakage of three step total etch dental adhesives with different solvents. this experimental study on 80 intact bovine incisor teeth, were prepared class V cavities on buccal surface of teeth, box shap and all walls on enamel. Then the specimens were randomly divided into eight groups [n=10]. NaOCl+etching+ SBMP [waterbase], NaOCl+etching+ All Bond[2] [Acetonebase], etching+ NaOCl+ SBMP, etching+ NaOCl+ All Bond[2], NaOCl+ SBMP, NaOCl+ All Bond[2], etching+ SBMP, etching+ All Bond[2]. Then the cavities were restored using Z[250] [3M] composite and Coltolux 75 light curing unit [350 mw/cm2]. The specimens were thermo cycled for 1000 times on water baths of 5 and 55[Oc]. After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in a 2% aqueous solutions of basic fuchsin for 24 hours, then longitudinal section of each restoration was obtained and examined with a stereomicroscope for evaluation of micro leakage. The data were analyzed using kruskal-walls test and the mean of micro leakage of samples were compared by two- way ANOVA test. The findings showed that the higher rate of micro leakage was detected in hypo+Acid and lower rate of micro leakage was detected in Acid+hypo in different treatment method. The finding was different in hypo+Acid procedure, the higher rate of micro leakage was in SBMP. In hypo groups, the microleakage with ALL Bond 2 was higher than SBMP. In control groups, the microleakage with SBMP was higher than ALL Bond 2. Application of Naoci before dentin etching for removal organic materials increase the rate of microleakage of All Bondz, SBMP to that of control group
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Invasive breast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women. Immunohistochemistry classification now plays a key role in prognostic identification and prediction of outcome in this disease. Based on recent gene expression studies, immunohistochemical subtypes are as follows: Luminal A [ER+ and /or PR+, HER2-], luminal B [ER+ and /or PR+, HER2+], HER2+/ ER-, PR-, and basal-like [ER-, PR-, HER2-]. These molecular differences have been shown to correlate with clinical features, such as survival, and sensitivity to treatment. In this study we evaluated the association between different subtypes with histological type, grade, tumor stage, lymph node positive ratio, lymph node status, recurrence, and survival
Patients and methods: We retrieved the clinical records of 580 patients with breast cancer who were treated at Mahdieh Institute of oncology in Hamadan, Iran, between Oct 2004 and Oct 2011, and we evaluated clinicopathological data of these patients
Results: Mean age of patients was 47.22 +/- 11.1 years. Of 573 patients, 116 [20.2%] were ER /PR+, HER2+, 257 [44.9%] were ER /PR+, HER2-, 72 [12.6%] were ER /PR-, HER2+, 124 [21.6%] were ER /PR-, HER2- and 4 were undefined. The estimated median follow up period for all subjects was 4.9 years [range 3 months to 6.9 years]. The overall survival for all patients was 88.21% and the disease free survival was 83.7%. The interesting result of this study was the lower incidence of positive axillary lymph nodes in triple negative subtypes. Five-year relative survival rates were higher for patients with ER/PR+ and negative lymph nodes [p< 0.05]
Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of immunohistochemical subtypes. As our patients were good representatives of breast cancer in western Iran and this study showed some differences with literature, further research should be directed at standardization of molecular and immunohistochemical methods in our country
ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic liver disease [CLD] have an increased prevalence of osteoporosis but it is unclear which patients are at high risk for developing bone disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density [BMD] among Iranian CLD patients and to compare it with healthy controls. We have also established a mathematical method, which can be used to determine high-risk patients based on clinical findings. A total of 65 patients [36 male, 29 female mean age 51.1years] with chronic liver disease were recruited over a 1-year period. BMD measurements were done using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine [LS] and femoral neck [FN]. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were defined by WHO criteria and BMD of patients was compared with the BMD of 65 age and sex matched normal individuals as controls. Finally we constructed a mathematical function to identify CLD patients who are at high risk for decreased BMD. The overall prevalences of osteopenia and osteoporosis in both sites were 47/7% and 23/1% respectively. BMDs at LS and FN were significantly lower in CLD patients than BMD in controls [p<0.005 and p<0.05, respectively]. BMD at LS and FN among women and BMD at LS among men was significantly lower in patients compared to controls [p<0.005 for all]. Increasing age was inversely correlated to BMD of females at LS and BMD of males at FN when the effect of BMI was controlled [r=-0.43 and rs=-0.5, respectively]. BMI was also correlated to BMD of females at LS and FN and BMD of males at FN when the effect of age was controlled [r=0.37, r=0.44 and rs=0.4, respectively]. At FN, BMD in Women with autoimmune, idiopathic and cholestatic liver disease was lower than BMD in viral hepatitis. Osteoporosis was more frequent in women with ascites and decreased [p<0.05]. Longer duration of CLD was correlated with lower BMD in women [p<0.05]. Women with Child C liver disease had higher abnormal BMD frequency compared to Child A [p<0.05] in men, no statistically significant correlation was found. Two functions were built based on sex, age, BMI and presence or absence of ascites, which could predict the abnormal BMD with sensitivity and positive predictive values of 85% and 87% respectively, which is significantly better than purely by guessing[p<0.05]. Osteoporosis is fairly common in CLD. We could screen high-risk patients by clinical indices as sex, age, BMI and presence of ascites so diagnostic and preventive measures could be instituted earlier in the course of the disease