Effect of Ficus sycomorus and Azadirachta indica extracts on liver state of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni

The potential role of hepatoprotective and antipathological effect of Ficus sycomorus and Azadirachta indica extracts was evaluated for scavenging the reactive oxygen species [ROS] and reduced the oxidative damage and pathological changes in the liver of S. mansoni infected mice. The levels of alanine aminotransferase [ALT], asparate aminotransferase [AST] and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT] were evaluated in the infected mice and treated orally with each plant extract 12 weeks post infection [P.I.] in a dose of 500 mg/kg of each plant extract for five consecutive days and sacrificed two weeks P.I. The infection of mice showed an elevation of ALT, AST and GGT. Treatment of mice with 70% methanol extract of each plant extract reduced significantly ALT, AST and GGT elevation. The highest reduction was with the methanolic extract of F. sycomorus [42%, 35% and 44% for ALT, AST and GGT respectively]. Fractionation of the methanolic extract of each plant was carried out. The effect of ethyl acetate and butanolic fractions of each plant was also evaluated. The result showed that the two fractions lowered the levels of the tested enzymes and decreased the number and size of granuloma diameters with an increased in the percentage of degenerated ova

Histopathological and electron microscopic study of the prostate after transurrethral microwave thermotherapy

The effect of transurethral microwave thermotherapy [TUMT] in benign prostatic hyperplasia [BPH] was studied. Histopathological and elecrton microscopic studies included the prostate of 36 patients with BPH, submitted to TUMT [using prostatron-technomed]. In addition, a group of 10 patients with BPH and treated by transurethral prostatectomy [TURP] served as control. Microscopic examination showed a well preserved urethra, epithelial necrosis and marked congestion. Vasculitis and oedema of the prostatic tissue are common findings. Damage and disappearance of nerve fibers was observed using special nerve fibers stain. Electron microscopic study showed degeneration of smooth muscle fibers, coagulated necrosis of the prostatic acinar cells, collapse and disappearance of myelin sheath around the detected nerve axon. We concluded that application of TUMT produces nerve fiber and smooth muscle degeneration. A significant improvement in the symptoms in BPH patients after TUMT due mainly to nerve damage and impairment of smooth muscle tone

Nucleolar organizer region[AgNORs] in dysplasia and cancer cervix

Sixty females cervices were collected from archival fixed paraffin wax embedded tissue blocks [30 carcinoma, 6 CIN 3, 4 CIN 2, 9 CIN 1, 5 hyperplasia, 6 control]. Sections were prepared for examination hematoxylin eosin and silver stain for counting AgNORs per nucleus. AgNORs were significantly increased in carcinoma of the cervix followed by CIN 3, CIN 2, CIN, hyperplasia and the least value is the control cases

Endometrial vascular and mast cell changes with copper intrauterine device

Endometrial samples by Novak curette were taken from 42 cases [10 not weaning IUD, 12 weaning the device with normal menstruation, 10 with menorrhagia, 10 with metrorrhagia], studied for mast cell counting and SA% of endometrial vascularity by counting graticule. The SA% is not affected by neither age, parity nor duration of IUD insertion. Increased number of mast cells in cases where bleeding complicating wearing IUCD that highly significant in metrorrhagia is studied

Diagnostic value of nucleolar organizer regions [NORs] in endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma

Thirty six endometrial curette samples [10 cystic hyperplasia, 16 adenomatous hyperplasia without atypia, 3 glandular hyperplasia with atypia and 7 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma] were studied for counting the NORs. There is a significant rise in NORs count in glandular hyperplasia with atypia and adenocarcinoma when compared with cystic hyperplasia or adenomatous type without atypia. No significant changes in the NORs count between the adenocarcinoma and the glandular hyperplasia with atypia were shown

Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions[AgNORs] in benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors

Thirty two cases of epithelial ovarian tumors [24 malignant and 8 benign] were studied for AgNORs count/nucleus. There is a significant decrease in AgNORs in grade 2, 2-3 when compared with grade 1 and benign cases. No significant changes present in AgNORs count between the different histological types. The significant changes in AgNORs count are mostly seen with papillary cystadenocarcinoma

Lectin binding patterns in normal cyclic endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma

Endometrial samples including 5 proliferative, 5 late secretory, 5 hyperplasia [3 cystic glandular and 2 adenomatous], 5 carcinomas, and 2 true deciduas were analyzed by light microscopy for pattern and distribution of lectin glycoprotein binding. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were tested with biotinylated concanavlin A [Con A], wheat germ agglutinin [WGA] and peanut agglutinin [PNA] employing the Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Proliferative glands predominantly bound lectins at luminal borders, while secretory ones had positive luminal secretion binding. Endometrial carcinoma epithelial cells bound lectins at luminal borders and at cell periphery. Cystically hyperplastic glands resembled proliferative binding while adenomatous hyperplasias gave additional patchy peripheral cell binding; disclosing their premalignant potential. This work recommended the use of this simple technique to evaluate the various morphologic endometrial patterns and relates them to functional disturbances

Study of the effect of pethidine and phenergan on the electronic fetal heart rate monitoring and the neonate

Forty full term pregnant women were studied intra-partum. Twenty cases were given 100 mg pethidine IM, and the other twenty were given 50 mg phenergan IM. Fetal heart rate [FHR] monitoring was done for all cases. Both drugs produced a significant reduction of both long and short term FHR variability, while the reduction of both of them by phenergan was insignificant. About half of the cases studied showed diminished or disappearance of the normally occurring acceleration with uterine contractions, while 25% of cases showed no change at all. Most of the above changes were transient and were found to disappear at the end of the observation time. No adverse neonatal outcome was observed on using both drugs

Immunohistologic localization of laminin in chronicity of murine hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni

The distribution of the high molecular weight glycoprotein laminin in the liver of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni has been studied by indirect immunofluorescence using type specific antibodies. The deposition of laminin was evaluated semi quantitatively between the 3rd and 20th weeks of infection. Laminin was found to increase at 8th week after infection. It was located in the walls of the central veins, hepatic sinusoids and subendothelial basement membrane of hepatic artery and portal veins. In contrast to types I and III collagen and the same like types IV and V collagen, laminin was absent from the Schistosoma periovular granuloma. Only few new blood vessels located at the edge of the granuloma showed positive fluorescence with laminin

Distribution of collagen types I and III in murine hepatic schistosomiasis

The distribution of collagn types I and III in the liver of mice infected with schistosoma mansoni, has been studied by indirect immunofluorescent technique using type specific antibodies. The deposition of collagen types was evaluated semiquantitatively between 3 and 20 weeks after infection. Type III collagen started to appear in the granulomas at the 6th week after infection, while type I collagen was first detected at the 8th week after infection. Deposits of types I and III collagen increased gradually and attained highest levels by 20 weeks of infection. Predominance of type III collagen was noted between the 8th-16th week after infection. With progress of the disease, deposits of type I collagen became prominent and both collagen types were detected in almost equal proportions between the 16th and 20th week after infection. Thus, immunohistochemical demonstration of the relative distribution of types I and III collagen in hepatic murine schistosomiasis can be a marker of chronicity