ABSTRACT
Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] is often made based on clinical manifestation. Correct diagnosis and identification of the parasite are crucial for choosing the effective treatment and for epidemiological studies. On the other hand, determination of Leishmania species is necessary for designing appropriate control programs. Diagnosis by PCR is becoming a [gold standard]. For PCR preparation, storage and shipments of specimens are necessary. In this study, Whatman filter paper [FTA Card] was used to store and transfer samples for Leishmania identification using PCR. Among the patients who had CL lesion and referred to Parasitology Laboratory of Emam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, 44 consented cases with positive results in their direct smear were selected. An informed consent form and a questionnaire were completed and three different types of samples [direct smear, NNN culture, and spot on FTA card] were collected. DNA extraction and PCR were carried out on three different samples from each patient. PCR results using Whatman paper samples revealed a significant difference [P<0.0001] compared to the culture method but no significant difference was seen between PCR results using samples stored on Whatman paper and direct smears. The use of FTA cards is simple, rapid, and cost-effective, and can be readily employed for large-scale population screening, especially for regions where the specimens are to be transported from distant places to the laboratory
Subject(s)
Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods , Mass Screening , Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
Lymphatic metastasis is a determining factor in treatment modality selection and prognosis of laryngeal cancer. It occurs because of separation of tumor cell from primary foci and deposition in lymphatic nodules which in turn occurs because of weakening of cell-cell adhesion. E-cadherin is a cellular adhesion molecule. Abnormal expression of this molecule may lead intercellular connection weakening and following metastasis. In this study we assess the correlation of abnormal expression of this molecule and metastasis. It is done as a prospective study on 47 proved laryngeal cancer. Initially, samples are divided into metastatic and non metastatic group. In next step, Immunohistochemistry was done to show E-cadherin expression. It was done as a blind study. In this study we use from a scoring system in order to convert qualitative data to semi quantitative ones. From total 47 cases, 21 case were metastatic and 26 cases were non metastatic. Nearly 70% had altered E-cadherin expression. We found significant statistical correlation between Abnormal expression of E-cadherin and tumor grade and metastasis P=0.000 and P=0.002, respectively. Also, tumor grade and metastasis had significant correlation. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin is a common finding among laryngeal cancers. It is directly related to metastasis and tumor grade. So, it can be used as predicting marker in order to choose more-aggressive treatment modality to improve prognosis and probably survival
ABSTRACT
Rhinoplasty is the most common aesthetic surgery in Iran which is done more and more. In majority, lateral osteotomy is the integral part of rhinoplasty that has two major methods: external [perforating or non-continuous] and internal [endonasal or continuous]. It is the surgeon's choice according the experience and comfort. Edema and ecchymosis are major sequels of this operation. We compared these two techniques regarding ecchymosis and edema. It is done as a clinical prospective randomized trial on two 40- patient groups with informed consent. In one group, we did lateral external osteotomy and in another group, internal lateral osteotomy was done in the same condition. Data were gathered and recorded according visual scoring system which was done by two blinded examiners by comparing sample in data sheath with patient. We compared both sequels in second and seventh day. Edema was the same in both groups in second and seventh days. Ecchymosis was not significantly different in seventh day in both groups. But, ecchymosis was significantly less in internal group, comparing with External group in second days. External and internal osteotomy techniques were the same regarding edema but internal technique produced less ecchymosis in second postoperative day