[Comparison of cardiovascular disease in women with OCP use and without OCP use in hospitals of Shiraz university of medical sciences]

Introduction: Prevention of pregnancy by synthetic steroids is a new event in present century. These pills are the most widely used among contraceptives component. The most serious complications of these pills are thrombosis that has the key roles in raising the risk of death from circulatory problems. But there are doubts whether these contraceptives pills with low dose estrogen can be a risk factor. Considering the few studies in this regard, the aim of this study is to compare cardiovascular disease in women with and without OCP use in selected hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

Methods: This is a case control study with 742 samples that took place in 2006-2008. Cases were 317 women with cardiovascular disease and the controls were a group of 371 women without cardiovascular disease between ages of 20-60 years. Data collection tools consist of questionnaire, interview with patients and family, we also used records of patients. Data analyzed with SPSS Version 15.5 with use of odds ratio, logistic regression and other statistical test

Results: 49.1% of cases and 49.9% of controls were used OCP. Analysis showed no statistical relation between the use of OCP and cardiovascular disease [P=0.8, OR: 1.018, CI: 851-22]. But significant statistical relation was found between hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia with cardiovascular disease [P<0.0001]

Conclusion: The results of this study didn't show true association between lowdose OCPs and cardiovascular. However, due to the type of study and sample size the result isn't extendable to other communities, so recommended to repeat this study with another method and more sample size. Also, pills should be prescribed with considering to the cardiovascular risk factors

[Effect of relaxation and attachment behaviors training on anxiety in first-time mothers in Shiraz city, 2010: a randomized clinical trial]

Anxiety of mother, as the first personality influencing child's mental health, is of great importance. Use of anxiety-reducing techniques for pregnant mothers plays an important role in decreasing maternal and child psychological problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of relaxation and attachment behaviors training on anxiety in first-time mothers. The present study was done as a clinical trial on 126 primigravida women [42 subjects as relaxation group, 42 subjects as attachment group and 42 subjects as control group] referred to Hafiz and Shushtari hospitals in Shiraz [2010]. Data were collected using personal data form and Spielberger Anxiety Inventory questionnaire. In addition to routine pregnancy care, four 90 minute sessions of attachment behaviors and relaxation training courses were held during 4 weeks [once a week]. The control group only received routine pregnancy care. Anxiety score before the intervention and at the end of the intervention were analyzed in all three groups. Data analysis was done using chi-square, Anova and paired t-test analysis, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. In this study, the mean anxiety scores were not significantly different in the three groups before the intervention, but there were significant differences among three groups after the intervention [p<0.004]. There was a decrease in the mean anxiety score in the two experimental groups after the intervention, whereas there was an increase in the control group. The results of this study indicated that relaxation and attachment behaviors training could reduce anxiety in pregnant mothers

[Cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome in Shiraz, Iran]

There is a genetic background for polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. Due to increase metabolic disorders, lipoproteins, impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension in PCOS patients, this study was done to determine the cardiovascular risk factors in first relative member of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrom in Shiraz, Iran. This case - control study was carried out on 107 parents and siblings of women with PCOS as cases and 107 non-PCOS parents and siblings of women as controls in Shiraz, Iran during 2007-08. Demographic characteristic, BMI, obesity and blood pressure were recorded for all subjects. Serum lipoproteins including total cholestrol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL and fasting blood sugar were measured in cases and controls. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.5, independent t-test, Chi-Square and Kappa tests. 35.3%, 26.5%, 11.76% and 5.8% of fatheres in cases were considered as overweight class I, class II, class III of obesity, respectively when compared to controls. This differecne was significant [P<0.05]. Waist -hip ratio in mothers in cases [25.6%] and controls [17.9%] were higher than 0.85. Waist -hip ratio among the sisters in case and control groups were 23.5% and 17.6%, respectively [P<0.05]. Hypertension was observed in 12.2% of cases and 3.7% of controls. This difference was not significant. High level of triglyceride were determined in 14.94% of cases and 6.5% of controls. A significant correlation was found between BMI and diabete II in case and control groups [P<0.05]. Disorder in glucose tolerance test [GTT] in case and control goups were 19.62% and 7.47%, respectively [P<0.05]. The obesity was found in 18.7%, 6.54% in cases and controls with disorder in GTT [P<0.05]. This study showed that obesity, central obesity, high level of serum lipoproteins and hypertension among first relative member of patients with PCOS are significantly higher than the controls

[Prevalence of various phenotypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome among high school girls of Shiraz [2009]]

Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most common endocrine disorder in women and cause of infertility due to lack of ovulation. The symptoms of PCOS are observed during puberty and it is assumed that the weight gain during this period to be associated with this syndrome. To determine the prevalence of phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents in Shiraz. This was a cross-sectional study in which 3190 female adolescents aged between 14 to 18 years, randomly selected from high schools in Shiraz, were studied. Diagnosis of PCOS was achieved through taking history and examination based on presence of oligomenorrhea [six times menstrual cycles or less in one year], clinical signs of hyperandrogenism including hirsutism [Ferriman-Gallway scores of 6 or more], severe acne, male pattern hair loss, and ultrasonography. The hormone dehydroepiandrostandion sulfate levels were measured for all subjects. Data were analyzed using the chi square test and Fisher's t exact-test. The prevalence of PCOS phenotypes were as follows: clinical hyperandrogenism and oligomenorrhea 19.9% [29 cases], clinical hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovary 30.8% [45 cases], oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary 29.5% [43 cases], and clinical hyperandrogenism with oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovary 14.5% [21 cases]. The frequency of highest levels of dehydroepiandrostandion sulfate was observed in patients with oligomenorrhea and hyperandrogenism. The risks of sex hormones turmoil, psychological effects of skin symptoms [acne and hirsutism], and numerous side-effects of this syndrome make it necessary to perform an early investigation in target population

[Introduce some of the medicinal plants species with the most traditional usage in east Mazandaran region]

Some knowledge about medicinal plants is available in old references or books. But important point is, the information of traditional usage of medicinal plants from different parts of Iran be worthwhile and people is encouraged to use of them, another way it is a good background for future examination about medicinal plants. One of the most important sources of traditional medicine data collection is indigenous people. So the aims of the study are asking the knowledge from eldest and native people to accumulation the wealth and to guide interested people to use of medicinal plants. We started our investigation after prepared a map to distinction the area and different villages. Then we interviewed about medicinal plants in the region from eldest and native people. The specimens that were collected in the region were transferred to herbarium [ACECR] to recognition. In this investigation 14 medicinal species belong to 11 families were collected and identified. In comparison with another survey in some region in neighboring provinces, there are some differences between how to use of medicinal plants and traditional usage that it is due to mores of indigenous people in the each part. Considering that the region has a favorable weather and rich flora especially medicinal plants and also has a previous historical of traditional medicine, so it is needed to pay attention to protect them. Another way we found some new effects of the medicinal plants that can be subjected for investigations to more examination

[Isolation of biosurfactant-producing bacteria from the Caspian Sea and determination of their biosurfactant activity]

Background: Biosurfactants are unique amphipathic molecules with extensive application in removing organic and metal contaminants. The purpose of this study was to isolate the biosurfactant-producing bacteria and characterize the surface-active properties of the metabolites produced

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in three Caspian Sea coastal regions in Babolsar during 2007-8. In primary screening, hemolytic and emulsifying activities were performed on blood agar plates and in culture medium, respectively and then the reduction in the surface tension, as a biosurfactant-producing index, was determined quantitatively by captive drop cell instrument. The isolated strain was also investigated for its ability to use different hydrocarbon pollutants using the surface tension measurement

Results: One out of 10 different strains exhibited high ability to produce biosurfactant. This strain called Caspian petroleum A1 [CPA1]. Biochemical tests showed that CPA1 classified in aerobic gram-negative cocci, neisseriaceae family and acinetobacter genus. CPA1 utilized crude oil and gasoline, as carbon and energy sources, to reduce the surface tension of culture medium from 71 to 42 and 39 mN/m

Conclusion: CPA1, as a biosurfactant-producer, was isolated and identified based on potential for biodegradation of hydrocarbon pollutants [e.g. crude oil, gasoline, anthracen and naphthalene]

Comparison of the prevalence of anemia in the first, second and third trimester of pregnancy in a medical and educational center in Shiraz

The high rate of anemia in pregnancy is associated with complications of pregnancy and delivery; therefore, to assess the level of hemoglobin [Hb] in women who are at risk can prevent these complications. In this descriptive study, 108 pregnant women referred to a medical and educational center in Shiraz in 2006. They were enrolled in three different occasions: first trimester [10-14 weeks], second trimester [25-30 weeks], and third trimester [37-40 weeks]. The correlation of blood hemoglobin concentration with the risk of severe nausea, vomiting, and iron supplementation in pregnant women was estimated. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 11.5 and Pearson correlation. The mean age of the participants is 25.74 +/- 5.66. In the first trimester of pregnancy 71.9% had normal hemoglobin level and 28.1% higher than normal with no case being anemic. In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, 29.2% of the subjects were anemic. The level of hemoglobin had positive correlation with the total amount of iron intake in the second trimester [p= 0.001 and r= 0.44], also in the third trimester [p< 0.001 and r= 0.46] and the whole pregnancy [p< 0.001 and r= 0.38]. This study indicated that despite regular intake of iron,%29.2 of the subjects had anemia. These findings emphasize the importance of treating these groups of patients and measuring levels of hemoglobin in each trimester together with reviewing other risk factors which are effective on anemia

Evaluation of effective factors in treatment outcome of diabetic foot in diabetic patients referring to Taleghany hospital - Tehran from 2008-2009

Foot problems are a leading cause of hospitalization for the patients who have been identified as having diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of different factors on treatment of patients with diabetic foot referring to Taleghani hospital from 2007 - 2009. Diabetic patients fulfilling our inclusion criteria entered the study. In addition to their physical and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and other information regarding their life style and habits, etc were also collected through a questionnaire. The collected information was recorded in their medical files and was further analyzed using t2 and x2 tests by SPSS software. Out of 80 patients, 58.75% were male and 75% of patients were above 50 years of age. 67.5% of patients were under graduated. 68.75% of these patients suffered diabetes for more than 10 years. 26 patients injected insulin while the rest used oral drugs to control their hyperglycemia. 48 patients were smokers [mainly cigarette]. Alcohol drinking was also considered in this study. Conservative treatments were advised for 43% of patients and for 36% of cases finger amputation and for 11 patients foot amputation was the treatment employed. Analysis of data reveal that there is significant relation [P<0.05] between the level of education and knowledge of patients regarding their illness and its sequelae, presence of distal palpation, control of diabetes and smoking. t2 test indicates that patients' age among those with good knowledge about the diabetes is significantly lower than patients without enough knowledge about diabetes mellitus [P<0.05]. Foot involvement among patients who are negligent about their condition happens quicker. There is no significant correlation between alcohol drinking, drugs consumed to lower blood sugar and duration of diabetes [P> 0.05]

[Effects of treatment with oral calcitriol on plasma glucose and insulin levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients]

Type-2 diabetes is a major metabolic disease with many signs and symptoms, such as hyperglycemia; disorders in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; and partial or total insulin deficiency. It is accompanied with pancreatic beta-cell malfunction, reduced insulin sensitivity, and systemic inflammation. There is some evidence indicating a role of vitamin D in maintaining glucose tolerance and normal secretion of insulin. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of calcitriol on the plasma insulin and glucose levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients. Seventy subjects [35 males and 35 female] with type-2 diabetes, aged 30-75 years old, were divided into 2 groups - an intervention and a control group. The intervention and control groups received, daily for 12 weeks, two 0.25-mcg calcitrio-capsules [0.5 mcg calcitriol] and 2 placebo capsules, respectively. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and at weeks 6 and 12 for measuring glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1C]. The fasting plasma glucose level did not change noticeably at weeks 0, 6 or 12 in the intervention group, while it increased significantly [p = 0.03] in the control group. The insulin level increased significantly in both the experimental [p = 0.002] and control [p = 0.0002] groups. Similarly, there were increases in the HbA1C concentration in the experimental [p = 0.013] and control [p = 0.0004] groups at week 12, as compared to baseline values. Also there was an increase in insulin resistance in both groups [p= 0.023 and 0.0001 for experimental and control groups, respectively]. Finally, HOMA-% beta, which is an indicator of the activity of the pancreatic beta-cells, remained unchanged in the controls, while it increased significantly in the experimental group [p = 0.009]. Calcitriol at a daily dose of 0.5 mcg has no lowering effect on blood glucose in type-2 diabetic patients, although it may prevent its elevation. The findings further show that calcitriol dose not bring about a reduction in insulin resistance; however, it improves pancreatic beta-cell functioning, thereby increasing insulin secretion

[Study of topical human umbilical cord blood serum in the treatment of alkaline corneal epithelial wounds in rabbit model]

One of the important functions of the cornea is to maintain normal vision by refracting light onto the lens and retina. This property is dependent in part on the ability of the corneal epithelium to undergo continuous renewal. Ocular surface failure which follows a variety of endogenous and exogenous precipitating factors, the most common being: chemical trauma, infection, alkaline burn, inflammation and hereditary conditions, lid or lash abnormalities tear deficiency or reduced sensation. The core principal underpinning management strategy for ocular surface failure is establishing or promoting new growth of healthy conjunctiva and corneal epithelium. This process is mediated by many proteins that are inducers of corneal cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. The current study was performed to investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord serum on alkaline corneal epithelial wound healing in the rabbit model. In this study conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2010, thirty two rabbits were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Central corneal alkali wound was formed in one eye of the rabbits by applying a 6-mm round filter paper, soaked in 1 N NaOH, for 60 seconds. Group one of animals received umbilical cord blood serum; and group two received Sno Tear in the eyes. The treatment was dosed 4 times a day with the eye drops, and epithelial wound closure was recorded using slit lamp. The data were analyzed to determine the rate of wound closure. The mean wound radius closure rate was 0.77 mm/day [SD=0.013] for umbilical cord blood serum-treated eyes, 0.73 mm/day [SD=0.018] for artificial tear-treated eyes. This study shows that alkali-injured corneal epithelial wound heal faster when treated with umbilical cord blood serum than with artificial tear in rabbit model

[Genetic linkage analysis of HDL-C in 91 Iranian families with metabolic syndrome with Haseman-Elston regression methods]

Metabolic syndrome [Mets] is a common phenotype, which is affected on 32% of Iranian population. It is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Low HDL-C is the most frequent phenotype in this disease. In this study in order to find some chromosomal region in related to the HDL-C in families with metabolic syndrome, twelve microsatellite markers were investigated in 91 families and done the Haseman-Elston Regression methods [oHE, sHE, rHE, W2, W3, tHE]. Finally, the results of these methods are compared. For analysis of the data, these softwares were used: power. HE [inR], Excel, PowerMarker, SPSS, S.A.G.E. In results of 4 methods, from these 7 methods, genetic linkage of HDL-C is significant with D11S1998 marker [p<0.05]. Other studies also show this result. These results can help me in future studies in Iranian population. Results show in which theoretical power of these methods is better, the empirical significance become less and this is an evidence for accepting significant linkage between D11S1998 marker and location of HDL-C gene

[Effect of feeding on stress- induced gastric mucosal injury in male rat]

Background: one of the most important problems in medicine is stress induced peptic ulcer. In spit of its importance, there is no confirming way to prevent it. The aim of this study is test effect of feeding on stress induced peptic ulcer as a preventive way

Method and materials: experiments were performed on 20 wistar male rats weighting 200+/-20 gram that were under standard condition and has free access to water and food. They randomly divided in 4 groups with 5 rats in each group. 1] Fasting group with stress 2] feeding group with stress 3] fasting group without stress 4] feeding group without stress [control]. Cold water [23o] immersion stress for 3.5 hours was used for inducing stress. All rats were killed and their stomachs were revised from point of view numbers and area of ulcers. Data were analyzed by ONE WAY ANOVA

Results: immersion in cold water in this method induced ulcer in stomach, area and number of ulcers in fast with stress group were significantly more than other groups

Conclusion: oral feeding during stress reduces gastric mucosal injury in rats that are under acute stress. It seems that food in stomach prevent stress contractions that induced ulcer due to ischemia

[Evaluation of general health in medical students of AJA university of medical sciences, 2009]

Background: collegians especially medical students are a high-risk group for mental disorders. This project has done to evaluation of General health of medical students of AJA University of medical sciences - 2009

Materials and Methods: in this analytical cross sectional study 52 medical students were included. They were asked to fill in GHQ-28 questionnaire. Cut of point was 23 and One sample T, One sample K-S, Two Sample T and Levene tests were applied to the variables using SPSS v.17

Results: the mean [+/-SD] of score of general health in medical students was 47.48 [+/-12.16]. According to the P-Value of One sample K-S test [p=0.77] scores of general health at the ?=0.05 have a normal distribution. Thus this mean is over than 23 and it means there are some disorders in the general health of medical students. P-Value of Levene test is 0.04 and it means there are no significant differences between the Variance of scores of general health in first year students and the second year. P-value of two sample T test is 0.57 and it means there are no significant differences between level of general health in these two groups. These results were also appeared for sub scales of GHQ-28 [p>0.05]

Conclusions: according to the results of our research and some other researches about depression and stress in medical students, it seems that many of medical students all over the world suffer from general health and mental disorders. Prevention of these disorders is possible with guiding councils

[Insulin resistance in first degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome]

Polycystic ovarian syndrome is one of the most common hyper androgenic disorders with hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance affecting women. Approximately 40% of sisters of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have hyperandrogenemia phenotype. The current study was conducted to survey the abnormal glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and incidence of diabetes type2 in first degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. This was a case-control study which was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2008. One hundered and seven individuals as case group and 107 individuals as control group were evaluated. After registering their height and weight, a blood sample was obtained from all participants in order to assay both their serum insulin and blood sugar. Then participants were asked to drink 75 gr glucose solutions, and after lapsing for 2 hours, a blood sample was taken from all participants again. After doing biochemical tests, data were gathered and analyzed by means of independent t-test and Fisher's exact test as well as chi-square. Analysis was done by using SPSS software, version 11.5. Insulin resistance with fasting insulin, glucose intolerance and obesity of control group were much different from case group and these differences were statistically significant [p<0.05]. The first degree relatives of women suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome are exposed to impaired tolerance glucose, Insulin resistance and diabetic mellitus

effect of sodium arsenite in induction of protein stress in chicken embryo model

Arsenic is one of the most important current environmental toxicants. Arsenic is one of the biggest protein stress inducer in several organs and systems. One of the basic and sensitive criteria for following protein stress is assessing carbonyl and thiol groups of proteins. Therefore, we assessed protein stress that produced by sodium arsenite in chicken embryos by measuring carbonyl and thiol proteins. After 4 days of incubation, 36 fertilized eggs were candled. The eggs that had alive embryos received a single injection of 0.1 and 0.5 ppm arsenite sodium in two separate groups of 12 eggs and the rest 12 [control group] received 0.5 ml saline into the yolk sac. After 20 days of incubation, teratogenicity and external defects in embryos were investigated, one ml of embryo blood was analyzed for assaying protein thiol and carbonyl as well. Data were analyzed by SPSS [version 16] with ANOVA test [tukey]. The mean of carbonyl protein was in 0.1 ppm group 0.835, 0.5 ppm group 0.844 and control group 0.804 and this change was significant and dose dependent. In addition, the mean of thiol protein was in 0.1 ppm group 0.053, 0.5 ppm group 0.014 and control group 0.054 and this change was also significant and dose dependent. The carbonyl and thiol protein alterations in serum of embryos exposed to arsenite sodium, suggest the embryotoxicity of this agent induction of plasma carbonyl and thiol protein stress

Comparison of MRI and electrodiagnostic study in evaluation of patients with clinical radiculopathy in 501 army hospital, 1387-88

There are different procedures for radiculopathy diagnosis. Considering morbidity of this disease, its diagnosis and treatment is of important.MRI and Electrodiagnostic study [EDX] are of most important ways but they each have advantages and shortcomings. The goal of this study is to determine which way or ways is the best. In an cross-sectional analytic study, we studied patients with suspected radiculopathy and MRI who where referred for Electrodiagnostic study to 501 Army hospital at 1387-88. Analysis was performed with statistical software of SPSS. we studied 114 patients.31 had cervical and 83 had lumbosacral radiculopathy.There were significant agreement between clinic and MRI [72%] and between EDX and MRI [61%] but no between clinic and EDX [52%].The agreement is higher in deffinte group than milder ones. This decline in agreement was significant in EDX but no in MRI. There are no preferred procedure for radiculopathy diagnosis so that MRI and EDX are complementary, yet. Considering higher specifity for EDX Electrodiagnostic study is suggested before inappropriate and risky interventions

Comparing the effect of teaching breast self-examination by peers and health care personnel on students knowledge and attitude

Training breast self-examination by peers provides an appropriate situation in order to form proper health behaviors during the adolescence age. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of training breast self-examination by peers and health care personnel on students' knowledge and attitude. In this quasi-experimental study, 112 students from two schools of dentistry and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected randomly and were allocated in two groups. They were taken a pre-test and two post-tests. Data gathering tool was an assessment test evaluating their knowledge about breast cancer and self-examination and their attitude toward breast self-examination. Four or five students from each class were selected and trained as peer instructors. Students of the first group were trained by peers and the students in the second group were instructed by health care personnel separately using booklet. At the end of educational sessions, the first post-test, and after 6 weeks, the second post-test were taken. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and independent t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and factor analysis test. There was a significant difference between knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups immediately after education, so that, the mean score of knowledge in the group trained by peers was higher than the one educated by health care personnel. But, no significant difference was observed between the attitude scores of the two groups, 6 weeks after education. Comparing the knowledge and attitude scores, before, immediately after and 6 weeks after education showed a significant difference in each group. The efficacy of training breast self-examination by peers is higher than by health care personnel. It is recommended to employ this educational method more, especially in training self-examination

[Immunohistochemical study of inflammatory pseudotumors of the orbit at Farabi hospital, Tehran, Iran]

To verify the myofibroblastic origin of spindle cells by immunohistochemistry in idiopathic inflammatory pseudotumor [IPT] of the orbit. We reviewed a series of 32 orbital IPTs for expression smooth muscle actin [SMA], Vimentin, Desmin and anaplastic lymphokinase [ALK]. The study was performed on histologic samples of 33 patients with a diagnosis of orbital IPT. The lesions expressed SMA in 51.7%, Vimentin in 72.0% and Desmin in 17.2%. All lesions were negative for ALK. Reactivity for SMA in spindle cells may indicate their myofibroblastic origin. The absence of ALK expression in all cases strongly suggests that these lesions, although histologically similar, are biologically distinct from their soft tissue counterparts. IPTs which are negative for ALK may be characterized by one or more chromosomal aberration involving regions other than 2p23

[Epidemiologic evalution of patients with Cranial Tumors underwent surgery in Be'saat Medical Center during 1378- 1382]

Background: the annual incidence of tumors of CNS range from 10- 17 per 100000 persons for intracranial tumors and 1-2 per 100000 persons for intaspinal tumors. About half are primary tumors and the rest are the metastatic. Pervious studies showed some of risk factors related to CNS tumors. We studie some risk factors [sex, age, cigarette, head radiation, family history] related to problems

Materials and methods: this was a case-series study performed on patients who had the CNS tumors in be'saat Medical Center during 1999-2003 years. The diagnosis of patients is confirmed by the pathology report. The data collections have been full filled using a check list containing seven variables [type and location of tumor, sex and age, cigarette, head radiation, family history] during a survey of patient's files. The obtained results were analyzed with SPSS-11.5

Results: twenty five cases of all 40 patients were male [62.5%] and 15 cases were female [37.5%]. The high frequency of tumors had been observed among adults particularly in the four and five decades of life. GIioma with 45% and meningioma with 22.5% had highest frequencies among tumors. All tumors except meningioma had high frequency in the male patients. Ten percent of all the patients were smokers

Conclusion: sex and age have important role in the incidence of tumors which the frequency of primary intracranial neoplasm increases with age. The high frequency iS in males but some of tumors, for example meningioma has high frequency in females. Some of the environmental risk factors explained in incidence of CNS tumors and we can decrease risk of tumor with diagnosis and dilation of them