Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms In Patients With Epilepsy

Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Patients with Epilepsy. To find out the prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms / disorder among patients of epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy diagnosed clinically at psychiatric out patients department were selected for the study. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was applied to find out the prevalence and nature of obsessive compulsive symptoms. A total of 93 patients were participated and it was found that 20.4 % of epilepsy patients had obsessive compulsive symptoms. The prevalence of obsessive compulsive symptoms among the patients of epilepsy was found to be 20.4%.

Hearing deficit among hospitalized children with acute bacterial meningitis

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis among children may result in hearing deficit

Objective: To determine the frequency of hearing deficit in hospitalized children with bacterial meningitis

Methodology: Study Design: Cross sectional study

Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore

Duration: From 1[st] February to 30[th] July 2010. Patients diagnosed as bacterial meningitis were admitted in Paediatric Medicine Department of Services Hospital Lahore and included in the study. After informed consent, auditory brain stem evoked response [BERA] test was performed on all patients by a single audiologist. In this test patients were sedated and electrodes placed on patient's vertex, ear lobes and forehead. The wave forms of impulses generated at the level of brain stem [cochlear nerves, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary complex, nuclei of lateral leminiscus, inferior colliculus] were recorded and numbered in Roman numerals respectively. The outcome whether patient is deaf or not was noted and entered in pre-designed proforma. All patients received standard care for bacterial meningitis

Results: Two hundred and ten consecutively admitted cases of bacterial meningitis were enrolled in the study, 134[63.8%] cases were male and 76 [36.2%] were female. Out of 76 cases of hearing loss, 45 [59.3%] cases has bilateral hearing deficit and 31 [40.7%] has unilateral hearing loss

Conclusion: Hearing deficit developed in one third of cases. It is worth performing BERA in all patients with acute bacterial meningitis since there is a significant risk of developing sensorineural hearing loss

role of intraarticular platelet rich plasma [PRP] injection in patients with internal knee derangements

Platelet Rich Plasma [PRP] is an emerging biotechnology which uses patient's own blood components to create healing effect to their own injured tissues. This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical effects, adverse reactions and patient satisfaction after intraarticular injection of platelet rich plasma in a small group of patients with internal derangements of knee at Combined Military Hospital, Panoaqil, Pakistan. In this single center, open study, 10 patients with internal derangements of knee fulfilling the inclusion criteria received two doses of 3 ml of platelet rich plasma as intraarticular knee injection at two weeks interval. All patients were evaluated at 0, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment using IKDC, TEGNER, KOOS and VAS. Adverse events and patient's satisfaction was recorded. There was significant improvement in all scores. Intraarticular PRP injection is safe and effective method in the conservative treatment of internal knee derangements

Pharmacokinetic studies of ranitidine tablets on healthy human subjects using two binders

Ranitidine is an effective H2 receptor antagonist. Ranitidine is a specific, long acting H2 receptor antagonist. It is indicated for the treatment of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, GERD and Zollinger Ellison syndrome. In this study two formulations of Ranitidine 300 mg tablets were prepared and film coated. Starch and poly vinyl pyrolidone were used as binding agents to check the effect of the binding materials on the pharmacokinetic parameters of Ranitidine tablets. Different in vitro tests were used to evaluate Ranitidine tablets like disintegration test and dissolution test. Then in vivo evaluation was performed on these two formulations. Tablets were administered to eight normal human subjects comprising of two groups, each group consisted of four normal human subjects one by one in a crossover manner after one week washout period. Blood samples were collected and plasma was obtained and analyzed by HPLC. Statistical analysis was performed and the values for Cmax for formulation 1 were found to be 4.63 +/- 0.47 micro g/ml, and for formulation 2 it was 4.76 +/- 1.02 micro g/ml. The value for Tmax for formulation 1 was found to be 2.0 +/- 0.37 hours, and for formulation 2 it was 1.5 +/- 0.46 hours. The value for AUC for formulation 1 was found to be 18.57 +/- 6.122 micro g/hr/ml and for formulation 2 it was 26.43 +/- 22.38 microg/hr/ml. It was also concluded that different binders affect the bioavailability of the tablets and Ranitidine tablets prepared by polyvinyl pyrolidine have better bioavailability than those tablets prepared by starch as binding agent

Maternal and fetal complications in multiple pregnancies

To analyze the feto-maternal complication in multiple pregnancy and strategy for its prevention and treatment. Descriptive study. This study was carried out at DHQ Hospital, Faisalabad over a period of one year from December 2004 to December 2005. There were 60 cases of multiple pregnancies out of a total 3000 pregnant women. Patients with multiple gestations were referred from emergency as well as from outpatient department to labor room and out come and any associated complications were recorded. During one year study period there were 60 cases of multiple pregnancy. Most of multiple pregnancies [91%] were spontaneous. 96% patients were carrying twin pregnancies while 2 cases [3.3%] of triplet pregnancies were recorded. Recorded maternofetal complications of multiple pregnancies were miscarriage [5%], preterm delivery [33.3%], pregnancy induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia [33.3%], intrauterine growth restriction [16.6%], intrauterine death [6.6%] and postpartum haemorrhage [6%]. 35% delivered vaginally while 41.6% were delivered by ceasarean section. Multiple pregnancies are high risk pregnancies with associated feto-maternal morbidity and mortality due to accompanying complications. Chances of a successful outcome may be improved by appropriate preventive, diagnostic and management strategies, by the availability of specific skill and experience and by a multi-disciplinary approach

Maternal mortality in a tertiary care teaching hospital

Every women can experience sudden and unexpected complications during pregnancy, child birth and just after delivery. Although high quality accessible health care has made maternal death a rare event in developed countries, these complications can often be fatal in the developing world. Safe motherhood as a priority for action can not be identified without properly assessing maternal mortality. The aims of this study were toanalyse the causes of maternal mortality and thus determine the preventable factors responsible for maternal deaths. Descriptive study. This study was carried out at DHQ Hospital Faisalabad from June 2002 to December 2004. Patients were admitted through emergency and Obstetrics and Gynaecology out-patient department. Patient age, parity, education, socio-economic status, antenatal booking level of care, whether come from rural or urban area, and distance from hospital were noted. Contributing and causative factors leading to maternal mortality were evaluated. All these information were recorded on a specially design Performa. Results: Total number of maternal deaths recorded during 2 V[2] years study period were 70. The causative factors of maternal mortality were sepsis 19[27%], post partum hemorrhage 18 [25.7%], eclan‡sia 11[15.7%], pulmonary embolism 7[10%], liver disease 6[8.5%] heart disease 5[7.1%], anaesthetic complications [3][4.2%] and one death [1.4%] due to miss match] blood transfusion in a private hospital. Patient's age ranged between 18-45 years. 40[57.1%] patients were <31 years old. 15[21.4%] patients were prmigravida or Para one and 55 [78.5%] were multigravida or multi para. All patients were unbooked, uneducated and belonged to poor socio-economic setup. Majority of them came from distance between 20-60 km. 40[57.1%] were attended by traditional birth attendant, 18 [25.7%] by lady health visitors, [3][4.2%] by doctors in private clinics and 9[12.8%] received no level of care. Sepsis, obstetrical hemorrhage, eclampsia and pulmonary embolism are major causative factors of maternal mortality

Endometriosis in diagnostic laparoscopy

To test the wisely accepted but no well supported impression that endometriosis is much more common in the Caucasian than in Asian women. We assessed prospectively the prevalence of endometriosis in 200 consecutive diagnostic laparoscopies in our department. Twenty-five [12.5%] cases of endometriosis were found. Of these 200 cases 160 cases [70%] underwent laparoscopy for infertility. In 17 [68%] out of 25 patients with endometriosis infertility was the indication for laparoscopy. In the remainder of the patients laparoscopy was performed because of other indications. Half of the patients with endometriosis showed moderate and severe degrees of endometriosis. Two third of the patients were below the age of 29. According to these findings, the presumption that endometriosis is uncommon in Asian women is considered to be erroneous

Cesarean and postpartum hysterectomy 1991-93

Emergency hysterectomies/for obstetric indications were performed on 22 patients over a period of 3 years out of atotal of 7,5 45 deliveries. All 22 patients were unbooked. The majority were from rural areas with high parity. Ruptured uterus was the commonest indication. Late presentation, surgery by less experienced obstetrician and inadequate blood transfusion affected the prognosis adversely. Uncontrolled reproductive patterns, ignorance and lack of suitable maternity services were the main predisposing factors

Maternal deaths with cesarean section: a three years study

A 3 years retrospective study from [January 1990 to December 1992] was undertaken to study 35 maternal deaths associated with caesarean section in Allied Hospital. The common causes for maternal deaths were antepartum haemorrhage [26%], eclampsia [20%] and sepsis [17%]. The commonest indications for the caesarean section were obstructed labour [46%] and antepartum haemorrhage [26%]. The causes of maternal deaths were scrutinized, avoidable factors were studied and recommendations were made for their prevention