Attachment styles, self-esteem and rejection sensitivity among university students

The study was conducted to examine: the association between attachment styles [i.e. secure, fearful, pre-occupied and dismissing], self-esteem and rejection sensitivity level among university students; and to explore the mediating role of self-esteem between relationship of preoccupied attachment style with rejection sensitivity. The sample consisted of 409 students [181 men and 228 women] with age range of 18-26 years from public and private universities of Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Lahore. Measures used were Relationship Scales Questionnaire [Griffin and Bartholomew, 1994], Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale [Rosenberg, 1965] and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire [Feldman and Downy, 1996]. Correlation analysis revealed that secure attachment style is significantly negatively related to rejection sensitivity level whereas fearful, preoccupied and dismissing attachment styles were significantly positively related to rejection sensitivity level among university students. Further, it is indicated that only preoccupied attachment style is found significantly negatively related to self-esteem. Furthermore, the mediation analysis showed that the relationship between preoccupied attachment style and rejection sensitivity was partially mediated by self-esteem

Role of individual and organizational factors in decision making

The present study was conducted to examine the role of various individual and organizational factors in decision making styles including rational, intuitive, dependant, avoidant, and spontaneous. Urdu-translated version of General Decision Making Style Questionnaire [Scott and Bruce, 1995] was used to collect the data from the participants. A total of 300 bank managers were included in the current research. Purposive convenient sampling technique was employed in the present study. In order to investigate the mean differences, ANOVA and t-test were used in this research. Significant mean differences were found with respect to organizational and individual factors in decision making styles. Highly experienced managers were more intuitive decision makers as compared to relatively low experienced managers. Young and middle-aged adults were more rational decision makers than older adults. Managers belonging to public sector banks were more rational decision makers in comparison to private sector banks. No significant mean differences in decision making styles were found with respect to gender and management level Finally, implications and limitations were discussed

Role of individual and organizational factors in leadership

The present study was carried out to examine the role of various individual and organizational factors in leadership styles including transformational, transactional, and laissez faire leadership style. Urdu-translated version of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire [MLQ] was used to collect the data from the participants. A total of 300 bank managers were included in the current research. Purposive convenient sampling technique was employed in the present study. In order to investigate the mean differences, one way ANOVA and t-test were used in this research. Significant mean differences were found with respect to individual and organizational factors in leadership styles. Middle level managers were found more transformational and transactional in comparison with top and lower level managers. Male bank managers were more transformational than their female counterparts. Public sector bank managers were more transformational than private sector managers. Managers with soft skills training were more transformational than managers without soft skills training. Finally, implications, limitations, and suggestions were discussed