ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Lead is one of the environmental pollutants that enters the nervous system and leads to neurological disorders such as depression and anxiety. Cinnamon [Cinnamomum verum] has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuro-protective properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cinnamon hydroalcoholic extracts on the level of anxiety and depression in male rats receiving lead acetate
Material and Methods: 32 male Wistar rats were divided into: 1] control 2] cinnamon 3] Lead and 4] lead-cinnamon groups. The 2[nd] and 4[th] groups received 200 mg/kg of cinnamon extracts for 30 consecutive days and at the same period, rats of the 3[rd] and 4[th] groups received 100 mg/kg of lead acetate. At the end of the period we used elevated plus maze test to investigate anxiety, and forced swimming test to assess depression in the rats
Results: In elevated plus maze test, percentages of OAE and OAT significantly decreased in the lead group compared to those in the control group [P<0.01 and P<0.05]. Comparison of the lead-cinnamon group and lead group showed a dramatic increase of these percentages in the lead-cinnamon group [P<0.05]. Forced swimming test showed a significant decrease in immobility time delay [P<0.05] and significant increase in total time of immobility in the lead group [P<0.01]. Cinnamon extract could increase delay in immobility and decrease the duration of immobility in the rats receiving lead [P<0.05]
Conclusion: It is concluded that cinnamon extract has anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects on the rats receiving lead acetate
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Tamoxifen is one of the selective estrogen receptor modulators that exerts estrogen / anti-estrogen effects in various tissues. This study was done to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of tamoxifen on spatial memory and passive avoidance task in adult male Wistar rats
Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, sham and tamoxifen groups. Animals in sham and tamoxifen groups were received tamoxifen solution and tamoxifen [400mg/kg/day] orally for 35 consecutive days. At the end of treatment, spatial learning and memory of animals was assessed using the Morris water maze task and passive avoidance memory was examined using the shuttle box
Results: The time spent and distance moved to reach the platform, significantly increased in tamoxifen group compared to controls [P<0.05]. In addition, the time spent and distance moved in the target quadrant [in the probe test] significantly reduced in tamoxifen group in compared to controls [P<0.05]. In passive avoidance task, tamoxifen significantly decreased the time of the entrance to the dark room compared to control animals [P<0.05]
Conclusion: Long-term administration of tamoxifen impairs spatial learning and memory and passive avoidance memory in rats
ABSTRACT
Tamoxifen is a nonsteroidal antiestrogen agent which is prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of tamoxifen on testosterone concentration and structure of testis in male Wistar rats. In this experimental study One group of rats [45 days old and 90g body weight] received 800 micro g/kg b.w tamoxifen dissolved in solvent [consisted of ethanol [60%] and physiological solution] for 10 consecutive days. The sham group received the solvent and controls did not receive any drug or solvent. After treatment period, serum testosterone level of rats was measured by ELISA method and 5 micro m thickness tissue sections from testes were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. Results showed that testosterone concentration decreased significantly in group which received tamoxifen compared with control group [p<0.01]. A significant decrease was observed in testis diameter, thickness of seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatid and sperm cells [p<0.001]. According to these results, we concluded that the reproduction capability of adult male Wistar rats decreased significantly in animals which received tamoxifen in prepubertal stage